共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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基因聚合分子育种与常规育种技术相结合已成为今后作物育种的主流方向。基因聚合分子育种主要包括遗传转化基因聚合分子育种和分子标记筛选基因聚合分子育种。本文简要综述了近年来作物基因聚合分子育种的研究进展,分析了遗传转化基因聚合分子育种以及分子标记基因聚合分子育种技术的研究方法及基因聚合分子育种存在的问题。 相似文献
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通过Thomson Innovation(TI)专利平台数据库中相关专利的检索,利用专利计量学的方法,从专利申请数量、受理国家、申请机构、技术生命周期以及研发热点等方面对水稻分子育种技术国际发展态势进行分析。结果表明,水稻分子育种技术目前整体呈快速发展趋势,并已趋于成熟。其中,美国的申请量最多,是全球最受重视的技术市场。大型跨国公司不仅是全球最主要的专利申请主体,而且在我国的专利申请活动也较为活跃。我国在水稻分子育种技术领域专利数量较多,并且具有一定优势,相关专利申请主体为科研机构和大学。对专利文献内容的深入分析表明,重要农艺性状的基因挖掘和转基因技术是分子育种技术领域当前的研发热点。 相似文献
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雷财林 《植物遗传资源学报》2013,14(3):479-485
稻瘟病是水稻主要病害之一。利用抗病品种是防治稻瘟病最经济、有效和安全的措施。近年来,随着植物先天免疫机制、抗病分子生物学以及水稻和稻瘟菌基因组学研究的不断深入,一系列参与病原菌识别和防卫信号传导与应答,以及外源抗菌蛋白、病原菌激发子等抗病相关基因陆续被鉴定和克隆,为提高水稻抗稻瘟病能力提供了一些新的基因资源、育种策略和技术。本文概述了国内外近年来克隆的主要抗稻瘟病基因资源及其在分子育种研究中应用的进展,提出了通过转基因手段整合不同防卫反应关键调控基因的抗稻瘟病聚合育种策略。 相似文献
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燕麦分子育种研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
燕麦是一种主要生长在温带冷凉地区的粮饲兼用作物,近年来燕麦的营养价值和降低胆固醇特性的发现使人们认识到燕麦及其制品是一种健康食品,促进了燕麦产业发展,对燕麦品种培育提出了更高要求。在此背景下,现代生物技术与常规育种技术结合是满足这一需求的重要途经。本文综述了国内外燕麦分子育种方面的研究进展:(1)我国燕麦种质资源的收集与遗传多样性研究。我国的燕麦种质资源收集工作起始于20世纪50年代,迄今收集并保存了5282份燕麦种质资源。对这些资源的遗传多样性分析研究表明,国内的燕麦种质资源中内蒙古和山西的资源多样性最高;(2)利用各种分子标记构建燕麦遗传连锁图谱研究;(3)一些重要农艺性状的QTL定位研究以及全基因组关联分析研究。包括产量、含油量、β-葡聚糖含量、蛋白质含量、抽穗期、抗病基因、抗冻性等重要农艺性状;(4)标记辅助基因组选择技术在燕麦中的应用;(5)燕麦遗传工程育种研究进展。同时,本文将国内的主要研究进展与国外相关的最新研究成果进行了比较,并对当前分子育种中存在的问题及今后的研究方向进行了探讨,希望能为今后通过生物技术手段培育燕麦新品种提供一定的参考。 相似文献
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Willem P. C. Stemmer 《Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering》2002,7(3):121-129
Existing methods for optimization of sequences by random mutagenesis generate libraries with a small number of mostly deleterious mutations, resulting in libraries containing a large fraction of non-functional clones that explore only a small part of squence space. Large numbers of clones need to be screened to find the rare mutants with improvements. Library display formats are useful to screen very large libraries but impose screening limitations that limit the value of this approach for most commercial applications. By contrast, in both classical breeding and in DNA shuffling, natural diversity is permutated by homologous recombination, generating libraries of very high quality, from which improved clones can be identified with a small number of complex screens. Given that this small number of screens can be performed under the conditions of actual use of the product, commercially relevant improvements can be reliably obtained. 相似文献
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Alexandra J. Reid 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2000,36(5):331-337
Summary DNA shuffling is a technique being utilized for in vitro recombination of a single gene or pools of homologous genes. The genes are fragmented into randomly sized pieces, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reassembly of full-length genes from the fragments, via self-priming, yields recombination due to PCR template switching. After these PCR products are screened and the interesting products sequenced, improved clones are reshuffled to recombine useful mutations in additive or synergistic ways, in effect mimicking the process of natural sexual recombination. Proteins can be ‘bred’ with the appropriate individual properties and then their ‘progeny’ screened for the desired combination of traits. DNA shuffling is a powerful tool enabling rapid and directed evolution of new genes, operons and whole viral genomes. 相似文献
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Liquid handling robotics and capillary electrophoresis genetic analyzers now offer high-throughput solutions for 2 of the
4 key steps in PCR-based DNA marker-assisted fingerprinting (DNA extraction, PCR amplification, electrophoresis, data analysis).
Thus, DNA extraction remains the most significant bottleneck at the bench for large-scale applications in plant breeding and
germplasm characterization. We report on a rapid and low-cost method for relatively high-throughput extraction of high-quality
DNA from young and mature leaves of sorghum, pearl millet, chickpea, groundnut, and pigeonpea. The procedure uses a modified
CTAB/β-mercaptoethanol method for DNA extraction in a 96-well plate. The quantity and quality of the DNA extracted per sample
is adequate for more than 1000 PCR reactions. A relatively high throughput of 96–384 samples per person per day can be achieved,
depending on the crop. A major timesaving aspect of the protocol is the absence of a manual sample-grinding step. Finally,
the cost is a magnitude lower than commercial plate-based kits, and, as such, is likely to have substantial application in
tropical molecular breeding programs. 相似文献
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DNA重排及体外分子进化 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
DNA重排是目前为止最简便、最有效的体外定向进化技术,可以对单一基因、质粒、代谢途径、部分甚至整个基因组进行改造。本综述了DNA重排的基本原理、特点、与其它体外进化技术的不同,着重介绍了其在体外分子进化上的广泛应用,并对应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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GEORGINA M. MACE 《Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society》1989,95(2):109-116
Captive breeding plays an increasingly important role in species conservation, but special problems are encountered in achieving the ideal of a demographically stable but genetically diverse population. Breeding programmes involving co-operation among a number of centres are now being developed which will overcome some of these difficulties by identifying individual animals, genetic lineages or age cohorts from which to breed. Application of techniques such as artificial insemination, embryo transfer and semen collection and storage, as well as the monitoring of reproductive status will contribute to the success of such programmes. The usefulness of these procedures for various population problems is discussed and criteria for their appropriate implementation within breeding programmes is outlined. 相似文献
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能源木薯高淀粉抗逆分子育种研究进展与展望 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
木薯(Manihot esculenta Crantz)是全球重要的粮食作物,也是我国非粮生物质能源发展的主要原材料。长期以来,传统杂交育种是木薯新品种培育的主要手段。随着全球生态的变化和木薯产业发展的推进,需要加速培育抗逆能力强、高淀粉的木薯新品种,因此,利用基因工程针对特定性状开展品种创新表现出巨大的潜力。随着组学技术的发展,在木薯基础研究领域,特别是针对储藏根发育、淀粉富集、逆境响应与调控等方面的研究逐步深入。强化木薯基础理论研究和发展应用技术,对推动能源木薯的产业化发展具有重要意义。 相似文献
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眼镜蛇的人工驯养繁殖技术研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
目的研究眼镜蛇的驯养繁殖技术。为更有效地保护和利用我国宝贵的眼镜蛇类资源。方法在室外模拟野生眼镜蛇的生境.在室内以散养、箱养相结合.配备科研人员及各种先进设施;在驯养过程中观察眼镜蛇的生物学特性。总结驯养管理技术、经验及疾病防治。结果解决了眼镜蛇人工驯养繁殖的技术难题.如眼镜蛇自动采食、无冬眠、蛇病的防治、异地杂交提高眼镜蛇的质量及产量等。结论本研究结果达到了预期的目的,为大规模展开人工驯养繁殖眼镜蛇提供了可靠的理论依据。 相似文献
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分子医学时代的开启给生命科学领域的本科教学带来了新的挑战。在针对本科生物技术专业所开设的分子医学课程教学中,从授课内容与形式、教学手段与方法、教学考核等方面进行了相关的分析与实践,有效地提高了教学质量。 相似文献