一株转化大豆苷元为S-雌马酚菌株的筛选和鉴定

【目的】筛选一株可转化大豆苷元为S-雌马酚的微生物菌株,并对该菌株进行鉴定。【方法】在厌氧条件下采用抗生素抑制非目标菌生长并结合稀释涂平板法进行菌株分离,分离可转化大豆苷元生成S-雌马酚的肠道细菌,并对产物进行结构鉴定。之后通过16S rDNA序列分析,构建该菌系统进化树,结合菌体形态及菌落特征,确立该菌系统发育学地位。【结果】从大鼠肠道内筛选分离到一株可以将大豆苷元转化为S-雌马酚的革兰氏阴性兼性厌氧菌株LH-52(JN861767),16S rDNA序列测序结果 BLAST比对表明该菌株与奇异变形杆菌(Proteus mirabilis)相似度达到了99%,结合形态特征和生理生化实验结果鉴定该菌为奇异变形杆菌。根据HPLC保留时间、质谱、核磁共振等波谱数据分析确定产物为S-雌马酚。【结论】菌株P.mirabilis LH-52为首次筛选到的可转化大豆苷元为S-雌马酚的兼性厌氧菌,相对于文献报道的严格厌氧菌更适合于工业化生产。     

雌马酚产生细菌及其雌马酚合成代谢机制

大豆食品中通常富含染料木素和大豆苷元等异黄酮素,人和动物肠道中的某些细菌具有将异黄酮素代谢转化为S-雌马酚的能力。到目前为止,S-雌马酚被认为是一种具有潜在健康调节作用的化合物。啮齿类动物均具备产雌马酚的能力,但不同人群之间存在差异,产雌马酚细菌是否存在可能是造成这种差异的重要原因;不同产雌马酚细菌的代谢机制可能不同,并影响机体最终产雌马酚的能力。本文对已知的各种产雌马酚细菌及其细菌的雌马酚合成机制进行综述,以期为进一步了解雌马酚产生个体差异、雌马酚代谢转化效率、体外雌马酚的发酵生产,以及临床产雌马酚细菌的应用等提供理论参考。     

产S-雌马酚梭菌C1三代全基因组测序及功能基因筛选鉴定

【目的】挖掘产S-雌马酚梭菌C1转化大豆苷元产生S-雌马酚的功能基因,为梭菌C1的S-雌马酚转化机制研究提供参考,并为利用合成生物学方法生产S-雌马酚提供新基因资源。【方法】利用GridION测序平台,对梭菌C1进行第三代全基因组测序、基因组组装和功能注释等分析,从C1菌全基因组中筛选和鉴定参与S-雌马酚生物转化的功能基因。【结果】C1全基因组大小为3 035 113 bp,预测编码3 166个基因,包含53个tRNA、15个rRNA、4个ncRNA和1个基因岛。通过生物信息学分析,发现C1-07020基因编码蛋白与已报道的Lactococcus sp.20-92大豆苷元还原酶具有44.8%的氨基酸序列相似性和相同的3个功能保守结构域,体外蛋白功能验证表明,C1-07020具有大豆苷元还原酶功能。此外,C1菌中没有发现与已知产S-雌马酚菌相似的功能基因簇或大豆苷元还原酶以外的其他功能基因。【结论】在C1中鉴定到一个新的产S-雌马酚功能基因,并发现了C1可能具备特殊的产S-雌马酚机制,实验所获基础数据可为进一步挖掘产S-雌马酚新功能基因、了解S-雌马酚的生成机制及体外产S-雌马酚基因资源...     

大豆素代谢产物——雌马酚研究进展

雌马酚是大豆异黄酮的主要组份之一大豆素（Dai）的代谢产物,人群中约有30％～50％能将大豆素转化为雌马酚,影响因素目前尚不完全清楚,最重要的因素是肠道菌群。雌马酚较其原型具有更为有效的生物学作用,因此受到普遍关注。研究和开发雌马酚的生物活性,在多种常见慢性病的预防与控制方面具有重要的理论和实际意义。     

雌马酚的生物活性和临床应用

雌马酚是大豆异黄酮(SI)的主要组分之一——大豆素(Dai)的代谢产物。雌马酚较其原型具有更为有效的生物学作用,虽其作用及机制还存在争议,但很多研究表明雌马酚的生物学作用以及在适用人群显然都优于SI,并受到普遍关注。研究和开发雌马酚的生物活性,在多种常见慢性病的预防与控制中有重要的理论和实际意义。     

微生物转化影响不同内源雌激素水平大鼠粪便雌马酚含量和菌群结构

雌马酚(Equol)是肠道中特定细菌转化大豆异黄酮的产物,与其前体大豆苷元(Daidzein)相比,雌马酚具有更强的生物学活性。【目的】研究口服雌马酚产生菌对大鼠转化大豆苷元能力的可能促进作用及内源雌激素对大鼠肠道菌群的可能影响。【方法】使用平均体重为211±9g的卵巢摘除和假手术雌性大鼠各30只,分别随机分为5组,并灌胃蒸馏水、雌二醇、大豆苷元、雌马酚和大豆苷元+雌马酚产生菌ZX7。【结果】从灌胃第2天开始,接受大豆苷元后大鼠粪样中始终具有较高水平的雌马酚,显著高于对照和雌二醇组(P<0.01);灌胃大豆苷元+雌马酚产生菌ZX7的大鼠和直接灌胃雌马酚的大鼠在粪样雌马酚含量上十分接近;DGGE图谱的PCA分析显示,卵巢摘除大鼠和假手术大鼠粪便菌群存在明显差异;大鼠粪便拟杆菌门细菌数量与粪样中雌马酚水平显著正相关。【结论】大鼠肠道固有菌群中可能存在能够将大豆苷元转化为雌马酚的细菌,利用外源菌株改变大鼠雌马酚产生能力具有一定的可行性,不同的内源雌激素水平可能影响大鼠肠道菌群结构,拟杆菌门细菌可能在大豆苷元的生物转化过程中起着十分重要的作用。     

人粪样中雌马酚含量调查及其与菌群结构相关性研究

目的 调查人粪样中大豆素和雌马酚的含量及其与年龄和性别的关系;了解人粪样中雌马酚含量高低与菌群结构的关系.方法 采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)对来自杭州的125份粪样进行大豆素和雌马酚含量检测,并使用生物统计学软件SPSS进行统计学分析;使用PCR-DGGE对粪样中雌马酚含量的高低与菌群结构的关系进行初步研究.结果 HPLC检测结果表明,尽管粪样中雌马酚含量的高低与性别关系不大,但却与年龄大小存在很大的相关性,41 ～50岁年龄组的粪样中雌马酚含量明显高于其他年龄组.PCR-DGGE结果表明,粪样中雌马酚含量的高低与菌群结构无明显相关性.结论 人粪样中雌马酚含量的高低与年龄大小有很强的相关性.     

172名上海地区成人饮食及尿雌马酚和代谢产物的调查研究

目的确定上海地区成人雌马酚代谢表型及雌马酚的生理范围;把握由于大豆异黄酮负荷而产生的雌马酚产生者比例;调查雌马酚表型和食物摄取频率及有关激素间的关系。方法应用现状调查方法,筛选出172名居住在上海市区健康成年男女。填写问卷获得研究对象日常饮食频率,检测研究对象血清获得血液激素浓度,采用HPLC法分析负荷大豆异黄酮前后尿中雌马酚等大豆异黄酮24 h排泄量,统计产雌马酚者比例及其与摄食频率和激素的关系。结果负荷前雌马酚生理范围0~33.74μmol/24 h,产雌马酚者比例为30.2%,负荷大豆异黄酮后比例提高至53.5%。产雌马酚者与非产雌马酚者之间日常食品摄取频率的差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。产Eq者血中游离雌二醇的浓度较非产Eq者低(P<0.05)。结论在通常膳食条件下,约有1/3上海成人尿液中能检测到雌马酚,但负荷大豆异黄酮后,约有1/2能产生雌马酚。     

酸水解法从葛根中提取分离葛根素和大豆苷元

本文报道了葛根黄酮的提取精制方法,以６０％乙醇为溶剂,６０℃温浸６ｈ的优化工艺条件下,采用逆流萃取法从葛根中提取葛根黄酮,其收得率为１９．２８％,含量５１．０５％。葛根黄酮提取物采用５％盐酸水解４ｈ,酸水解液用乙酸乙酯萃取放置析出葛根素,乙酸乙酯相经水洗、浓缩和重结晶可得大豆苷元。采用酸水解法可以将葛根黄酮中的葛根素及大豆苷元衍生物水解成葛根素和大豆苷元,有利于葛根素、大豆苷元的分离及产率的提高;该方法从葛根中提取分离葛根素和大豆苷元具有操作简便、产品纯度和产率高、成本低的特点。葛根素和大豆苷元产率分别为１．３６％和０．４５％,纯度为９８．３２％和９１．２５％。     

(S)-雌马酚对肠道菌群的体外调控作用及其可代谢性研究

[目的]研究(S)-雌马酚对人体肠道菌群的体外调控作用和人体肠道菌群对(S)-雌马酚的代谢衍生作用。[方法]采用人体肠道菌群体外批量发酵、细菌16S rRNA基因高通量测序、气相色谱、液相色谱和质谱等检测(S)-雌马酚与人体肠道菌群体外相互作用。[结果]体外添加(S)-雌马酚对总体人肠道菌群结构和短链脂肪酸产量影响不明显。添加0.45 mmol/L (S)-雌马酚组与对照组相比,未检测到相对丰度发生显著变化的细菌;添加0.90 mmol/L (S)-雌马酚组与对照组相比,显著增加了肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)等条件致病菌的相对丰度,减少了潜在益生菌粪球菌属(Coprococcus)的比例。代谢分析发现,发酵培养液中(S)-雌马酚的浓度降低了约15%−30%,推测可能被微生物进一步降解或衍生修饰。[结论]从体外调控肠道菌群的角度判断,0.45 mmol/L (S)-雌马酚相对较安全,而0.90 mmol/L (S)-雌马酚可能会破坏肠道菌群平衡。(S)-雌马酚可以被人体肠道菌群进一步代谢,其特定代谢产物的结构与功能及其体内生物安全性有待进一步研究。     

Regio- and enantioselective reduction of methyleneketoesters mediated by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Methyleneketoesters were readily prepared in high yields by performing a direct -methylenation of the corresponding ketoesters using a previously described protocol. Reactions of ethyl 2-methylene-3-oxo-3-arylpropanoates 2a–c catalyzed by S. cerevisiae were performed with good conversions to give reductions of the CC, CO or both, depending on the reaction conditions and on the substitution of the aryl moiety. Reaction of 3-methylene-2-oxo-4-phenylbutyrate 2d was carried out with free yeast cells and with yeast cells immobilized with calcium alginate, in which the major products resulted from CC and CO bond reduction.

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Characterization of gamma-glutamylamidase-glutaminase activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

In a foregoing paper we have shown the presence in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae of an enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of L-gamma-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide, but apparently distinct from gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. The cellular level of this enzyme was not regulated by the nature of the nitrogen source supplied to the yeast cell. Purification was attempted, using ion exchange chromatography on DEAE Sephadex A 50, salt precipitations and successive chromatographies on DEAE Sephadex 6B and Sephadex G 100. The apparent molecular weight of the purified enzyme was 14,800 as determined by gel filtration. As shown by kinetic studies and thin layer chromatography, the enzyme preparation exhibited only hydrolytic activity against gamma-glutamylarylamide and L-glutamine with an optimal pH of about seven. Various gamma-glutamylaminoacids, amides, dipeptides and glutathione were inactive as substrates and no transferase activity was detected. The yeast gamma-glutamylarylamidase was activated by SH protective agents, dithiothreitol and reduced glutathione. Oxidized glutathione, ophtalmic acid and various gamma-glutamylaminoacids inhibited competitively the enzyme. The activity was also inhibited by L-gamma-glutamyl-o-(carboxy)phenylhydrazide and the couple serine-borate, both transition-state analogs of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. Diazooxonorleucine, reactive analog of glutamine, inactivated the enzyme. The physiological role of yeast gamma-glutamylarylamidase-glutaminase is still undefined but is most probably unrelated to the bulk assimilation of glutamine by yeast cells.     

Detection of inactive precursors of beta-glucanases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Accumulation and secretion of beta-glucanases have been studied in vivo by using a thermosensitive secretory mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae blocked at the endoplasmic reticulum level (sec 18-1). When incubated at the restrictive temperature no accumulation of active glucanases was observed. Following a shift to permissive conditions in the presence of cycloheximide a rise in the internal activity took place. The increase in total glucanase activity was partially due to the activation of an exo-glucanase that hydrolyzes PNPG. It is concluded that glucanases are synthesized in inactive precursor forms and are converted to the active forms in their secretory pathway.     

Reaction kinetics of d-glucose fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Data obtained on the conversion of d-glucose to alcohol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae in batch culture has been analysed kinetically. The effects of different kinetic parameters, e.g. rates of ethanol and biomass formation, rate of d-glucose utilization and variation of pH have been studied. Analysis of data was made on the basis of Michaelis-Menten, Leudeking-Piret and simple kinetics. Unsteady rate behaviour in the lag phase was observed and explained.     

酿酒酵母产油脂条件的优化

微生物细胞通常仅含2%3%油脂,但少数微生物含油脂率却可达70%以上,所以高含油脂量使微生物油脂实际开发成为可能。目前用于生产多不饱和脂肪酸的微生物主要为藻类和真菌。尽管微生物油脂是当前的研究热点,已经引起广大研究者的重视,但目前国内外研究大都集中在含油脂量在干重20%以上的微生物,如浅白色隐性酵母、粘红酵母等,而对于酿酒酵母来说,则很少见到研究其产油脂的相关报道。     

Production of Extracellular lipases by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Seven strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae all produced lipase when grown in shake flask culture. The best strain, DSM 1848, produced 4.0U of lipase in the medium containing olive oil and yeast extract. Production of the lipase was growth-associated.     

Genetic evidence of a new flocculation suppressor gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract The flocculation character in strain IM1-8b of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is controlled by a single and dominant gene shown to be allelic to FLO1 . Such a gene has been both mitotically and meiotically mapped on the right arm of chromosome I at 4.7 cM from PHO11 . The phenotype was suppressed by a single gene of wide distribution among non-flocculent strains (proposed as fsu3 ) that, however, was unable to suppress other FLO1 genes in other flocculent strains.