小干扰RNA的研究进展

RNA干扰（RNA interference,RNAi）是近年发展起来的一种新技术。RNAi是指通过外源性或内源性的双链RNA在体内诱导靶基因mR_NA产生特异性降解,进而引起不同水平的基因沉默。其效应分子主要是小干扰RNA（siRNA）。siRNA是生物界普遍存在的一种抵御外来基因和病毒感染的基因调控方式,也是一种重要的研究工具。大量的研究工作致力于设计合理的siRNA片段用于基因功能研究,并将其作为一种治疗方法用于肿瘤、病毒性疾病等基因治疗以及药物靶向研究。因此本文对siRNA的作用机制、设计原则及其在临床应用中的缺点和解决方法进行综述。     

RNA干扰体内导入技术研究进展

RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)是一种发展迅速并具有广阔应用前景的基因控制技术,它能特异性地沉默内源或外源性靶基因,已成为基因治疗的有效手段。然而,利用RNA干扰技术进行体内基因沉默的主要障碍是如何实现siRNA和miRNA的体内安全高效输送导入。该文结合国内外进展和本课题组在RNA干扰方面的研究成果,对RNA干扰体内导入技术作一综述。     

RNA干扰在植物中的作用机理及其应用研究进展

RNA干扰(RNAi)是广泛存在于生物中的一种现象,它是小干扰RNA诱导的转录后基因沉默,是生物抵抗异常DNA的一种保护机制,同时在生物生长发育过程中调控基因的表达.本文综述了近年来有关RNA干扰的发现、作用过程及其机理,分析了它与反义寡核苷酸、核酶、脱氧核酶的小同,并介绍了RNA干扰在植物基因功能、植物抗病毒、作物品种改良等方面的应用,为siRNA干扰的进一步利用提供参考资料.     

干扰小RNA与微RNA

干扰小RNA（small interfering RNA;siRNA）和微RNA（microRNA;miRNA）是两种序列特异性地转录后基因表达的调节因子,它们的相关性密切,既具有相似性,又具有差异性。该文主要介绍这两种小RNA分子的产生、作用机制,以及两者之间的联系与区别。     

基因枪在RNA干扰中的应用研究进展

RNA干扰（RNA interference,RNAi）是指双链RNA（double-strand RNA,dsRNA）特异性降解同源mRNA,从而引发基因转录后水平沉默的现象,是一种高效、高特异性抑制基因表达的途径。自1998年Fire等发现RNA干扰现象以来,其特异性降解目的基因的优势吸引了众多研究者的目光。本文在简要综述RNAi技术在基因功能研究、抗病毒治疗,肿瘤基因治疗等领域的应用后,重点归纳了基因枪技术在RNAi研究即siRNA导入细胞中的应用,并简单分析其优势与意义。     

反式作用干扰小RNA

反式作用干扰小RNA（trans—acting siRNA,tasiRNA）是植物中一类内源性siRNA,其成熟过程由miRNA所介导,而且不产生扩增效应。     

RNA干扰

RNA干扰(RNAinterference,RNAi)是一种古老的生物抗病毒机制,能介导序列特异性的mRNA降解,是基因功能研究和蛋白组学的有效工具,在药物靶基因的筛选、抗病毒、肿瘤基因治疗等领域有很好的发展前景。     

RNA干扰技术的研究进展

RNAi即RNA干扰(RNA interfering)是近几年发现的一种由双链RNA引起的基因沉默的现象,是目前分子生物学领域研究的热点之一。就其作用机制、特点及其在疾病中治疗作用进展方面作一综述。     

针对DREAM 基因序列外显子的siRNA 设计

目的:针对DREAM基因中外显子序列,设计并筛选出起作用的siRNA,为进一步研究以DREAM为靶标的基因治疗提供依据。方法:通过利用生物信息学的方法设计出66条潜在的针对DREAM基因中外显子序列的siRNA序列。潜在的序列根据G+C含量分析及Genbank BLAST检测,我们筛选了三条较理想的DREAM基因siRNA靶标,并将其构建到pENTR/H1/TO载体中,转染细胞后提取总蛋白并用Western blot方法检测DREAM蛋白的表达水平。结果:示外显子9中5’末端位置为1253的序列能够抑制80%的DREAM的蛋白表达。结论:这一研究结果为进一步siRNA类药物的实验研究提供了理论基础。     

siRNA抑制乙肝病毒的研究进展

乙型肝炎作为一种发病率高、死亡率高的传染性疾病,已严重威胁人类健康,乙肝病毒（hepatitis B virus,HBV）是诱发乙型肝炎的重要病因。目前,最主要的治疗方法是运用抗病毒药物控制病情,但这些药物都不能完全治愈乙型肝炎且复发率高。近年来,RNA干扰技术（RNA interference, RNAi）逐渐成为有效、快速治疗乙型肝炎的新疗法。利用RNA干扰技术体外合成针对HBV基因的siRNA,选择适当的载体将其运送至靶细胞,使HBV基因沉默,从而抑制病毒复制,可有效达到治疗乙肝的效果。本文围绕siRNA沉默HBV基因的设计原理、递送载体、靶向策略、以及治疗效果与应用前景等方面进行了系统综述,为今后siRNA治疗乙肝的临床应用提供参考。     

乙酰肝素酶siRNA对人膀胱癌T24细胞株侵袭能力的影响

目的:观察乙酰肝素酶(Heparanase,HPSE)小干扰R N A(small-interfering RNA,siRNA)对人膀胱癌细胞株侵袭力的影响。方法:体外化学合成一段乙酰肝素酶特异性小干扰RNA(siRNA)序列,以阳离子脂质体介导将不同浓度的siRNA转染至膀胱癌细胞系T24细胞中,应用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测转染前后T24细胞中HPSE mRNA表达,采用transwell小室侵袭试验测定肿瘤细胞的体外侵袭力。结果:转染HPSE siRNA可以显著降低T24细胞中的HPSE mRNA表达,HPA siRNA处理细胞48小时,与对照组相比,各有效浓度的HPSE siRNA可显著抑制T24细胞的体外侵袭能力(P<0.05)。结论:以siRNA阻遏乙酰肝素酶在膀胱癌细胞中表达可以成功地抑制膀胱癌细胞侵袭能力,通过应用RNA干扰技术等方法抑制乙酰肝素酶活性可能可以应用于临床治疗膀胱癌。     

Stable inhibition of hepatitis B virus expression and replication by expressed siRNA

RNA interference might be an efficient antiviral therapy for some obstinate illness. Here, we studied the effects of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific 21-nt small interfering RNAs (siRNA) on HBV gene expression and replication in 2.2.15 cells. Seven vectors expressing specific hairpin siRNA driven by the RNA polymerase II-promoter were constructed and transfected into 2.2.15 cells. In the cell strain that can stably express functional siRNA, the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and the HBV e antigen (HBeAg) secretion into culture media was inhibited by 86% and 91%, respectively, as shown by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunofluorescence and Western blot indicated similar results. HBV DNA was markedly restrained by 3.28-fold, as assessed by the fluorescent quantitation PCR. Moreover, the HBV mRNA was significantly reduced by 80% based on semiquantitative RT-PCR. In conclusion, the specific siRNA can knock down the HBV gene expression and replication in vitro, and the silence effects have no relationship with interferon response.     

Hepatic siRNA delivery using recombinant human apolipoprotein A-I in mice

Apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I), the major protein component of high density lipoprotein (HDL), plays a key role in reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral tissues to liver or steroidogenic organs. Class B, type 1 scavenger receptor (SR-BI) is abundantly expressed in these target tissues and recognizes apo A-I of HDL for selective cholesteryl ester uptake. Recently, we reported the liver-targeting potential of plasma-derived apo A-I and the efficient delivery of therapeutic small interfering RNAs (siRNA) assembled with cationic liposome and apo A-I. In this study, we expressed and purified recombinant human apo A-I (rhapo A-I), low endotoxin grade, from an Escherichia coli expression system. The liver-targeting property of rhapo A-I was compared to that of plasma-derived apo A-I. Using a hepatitis C virus mouse model, intravenous administration of virus-specific siRNA with liposome and rhapo A-I significantly inhibited viral protein expression, demonstrating great promise for its use in clinical applications.     

Modulation of the efficiency of a siRNA directed against MDR1 expression in MCF7-R cells when combined with a second siRNA

Effective silencing of MDR1, one of the genes involved in the multidrug resistance phenotype, can be achieved by the use of an efficient siRNA transfected into the doxorubicin-selected MCF7-R human cell line, alone or combined with a moderately efficient siRNA. On the contrary, there is no MDR1 silencing when it is co-transfected with a control siRNA that does not target the human genome. This results from the limited amount of RISC (RNA-Induced Silencing Complex) in human cells, leading to competition between siRNAs. In the case where the energy difference between the extremities of one of the siRNAs is largely superior to that of the other one, competition between the siRNAs appear to be favorable for the former. It is suggested that designing efficient siRNAs from thermodynamic characteristics is favored when siRNAs are incorporated into the RISC Loading Complex (RLC) rather than directly loaded into RISC.     

Efficient Inhibition of wear debris-induced inflammation by locally delivered siRNA

Aseptic loosening is the most common long-term complication of total joint replacement, which is associated with the generation of wear debris. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on wear debris-induced inflammation. A local delivery of lentivirus-mediated TNF-α siRNA into the modified murine air pouch, which was stimulated by polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) particles, resulted in significant blockage of TNF-α both in mRNA and protein levels for up to 4 weeks. In addition, significant down-regulation of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was observed in TNF-α siRNA-treated pouches. The safety profile of gene therapy was proven by Bioluminescent assay and quantitative fluorescent flux. Histological analysis revealed less inflammatory responses (thinner pouch membrane and decreased cellular infiltration) in TNF-α siRNA-treated pouches. These findings suggest that local delivery of TNF-α siRNA might be an excellent therapeutic candidate to inhibit particle-induced inflammation.     

针对多效蛋白基因的小干扰RNA的设计及其稳定表达载体的构建

目的:设计多效蛋白基因特异性的小干扰RNA(siRNA),并构建一系列能在哺乳动物细胞内稳定表达这些siRNA的表达质粒,以便为在体外研究多效蛋白基因的功能打下基础。方法:设计并合成具有多效蛋白基因特异性的一组寡核苷酸片段,并克隆到pSilencer3.1-H1hygro载体;用脂质体LipofectAMINE2000转染和潮霉素筛选等方法建立能稳定表达相应siRNA的一组Pten-/-细胞克隆;利用Northern印迹检测这些细胞内多效蛋白基因的表达情况。结果:设计并构建了3个针对多效蛋白基因的siRNA表达质粒,并证明其中的1种质粒能在Pten-/-细胞内稳定表达相应的siRNA,并显著地抑制了该细胞多效蛋白基因的表达。结论:设计并构建出的针对多效蛋白基因的siRNA表达载体所表达的siRNA具有较强的RNA干涉功能,为多效蛋白基因的功能研究奠定了实验基础。     

大鼠Otos基因RNA干扰质粒体的构建

目的:构建其基因Otos的RNA干扰质粒载体,为研究Otospiralin在内耳的生理功能奠定基础。方法:在GenBank中查到大鼠Otos基因的序列,输入到相应的设计软件中,以此设计引物序列,经过PCR扩增,酶切后,克隆于pAVU6 27载体并行酶切鉴定。结果:构建的鼠Otos shRNA载体经过测序鉴定,所得和预期相符。结论:重组质粒pAVU6 27-Otos的成功构建为下一步研究打下良好的基础。