Antiviral Effect of Interferon-Induced Guanylate Binding Protein-1 against Coxsackie Virus and Hepatitis B Virus B3 in Vitro

Guanylate binding protein-1(GBP-1)is an interferon-induced protein.To observe its antiviral effect against Hepatitis B virus(HBV)and Coxsackie virus B3(CVB3),we constructed an eukaryotic expression vector of human GBP-1(hGBP-1).Full-length encoding sequence of hGBP-1 was amplified by long chain RT-PCR and inserted into a pCR2.1 vector,then subcloned into a pCDNA3.1(-)vector.Recombinant hGBP-1 plasmids and pHBV1.3 carrying 1.3-fold genome of HBV were contransfected into HepG2 cells,and inhibition effect of hGBP-1 against HBV replication was observed.Hela cells transfected with recombinant hGBP-1 plasmids were challenged with CVB3,and viral yield in cultures were detected.The results indicated that recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid of hGBP-1 was constructed successfully and the hGBP-1 gene carried in this plasmid could be efficiently expressed in HepG2 cells and Hela cells.hGBP-1 inhibit CVB3 but not HBV replication in vitro.These results demonstrate that hGBP-1 mediates an antiviral effect against CVB3 but not HBV and perhaps plays an important role in the interferon-mediated antiviral response against CVB3.     

Antiviral Effect of Interferon-Induced Guanylate Binding Protein-1 against Coxsackie Virus and Hepatitis B Virus B3 in Vitro

Guanylate binding protein-1(GBP-1) is an interferon-induced protein. To observe its antiviral effect against Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3), we constructed an eukaryotic expression vector of human GBP-1(hGBP-1). Full-length encoding sequence of hGBP-1 was amplified by long chain RT-PCR and inserted into a pCR2.1 vector, then subcloned into a pCDNA3.1(-) vector. Recombinant hGBP-1 plasmids and pHBV1.3 carrying 1.3-fold genome of HBV were contransfected into HepG2 cells, and inhibition effect of hGBP-1 against HBV replication was observed. Hela cells transfected with recombinant hGBP-1 plasmids were challenged with CVB3, and viral yield in cultures were detected. The results indicated that recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid of hGBP-1 was constructed successfully and the hGBP-1 gene carried in this plasmid could be efficiently expressed in HepG2 cells and Hela cells. hGBP-1 inhibit CVB3 but not HBV replication in vitro. These results demonstrate that hGBP-1 mediates an antiviral effect against CVB3 but not HBV and perhaps plays an important role in the interferon-mediated antiviral response against CVB3.     

受miRNA-205调控的重组柯萨奇病毒B3的构建及其复制

本研究在柯萨奇病毒B3(coxsackievirus B3,CVB3)基因组P1编码区与P2编码区之间插入一段has-miRNA-205-3p和has-miRNA-205-5p(简称miR-205)的靶序列,得到重组病毒v205T,并比较分析了它在人宫颈癌细胞系HeLa细胞(miR-205低水平表达)和非小细胞肺癌细胞系A549细胞(miR-205高水平表达)中的复制情况。结果表明,插入的miR-205靶序列不影响病毒在HeLa细胞中的复制水平,但抑制了病毒在A549细胞中的复制,病毒滴度为对照的1%以下。为探讨v205T在2株细胞中复制差异的原因,进一步加入miR-205的类似物和抑制物。miR-205类似物可抑制v205T在HeLa细胞中复制和杀伤细胞的水平,而miR-205抑制物可提高v205T在A549细胞中的复制和杀伤细胞的水平。结果表明,v205T的复制确实受miR-205的调控。本研究为开发基于CVB3载体的溶瘤病毒和针对CVB3的减毒活疫苗提供了依据。     

乙肝病毒感染对细胞基本自噬的影响

【目的】慢性乙肝病毒(Hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染在肝硬化和肝癌的发生过程中起着重要的作用,通过研究HBV感染对细胞基本自噬的影响,为HBV感染诱发肝癌以及HBV的免疫逃逸机理研究提供新的思路。【方法】本研究利用乙肝病毒表达质粒瞬时或稳定转染不同肝细胞,通过计数绿色荧光蛋白(greenfluorescent protein,GFP)聚集数目检测自噬小体形成,western blot检测LC3(microtubule-associated proteinlight chain 3,微管相关蛋白质轻链3)脂酰化和p62的降解,通过构建HBV B型和C型X蛋白(HBx)的表达质粒并瞬时转染肝癌细胞和正常肝细胞,对不同基因型X蛋白对细胞自噬的影响进行了分析。【结果】乙肝病毒感染后促进了LC3的脂酰化和p62的降解,增加了自噬小体的形成,增强了细胞的基本自噬。进一步研究发现,HBV感染增强的细胞基本自噬水平由HBx所引发,且C型HBx比B型对细胞基本自噬的增加更加显著。【结论】HBV通过HBx增强细胞的基本自噬,且不同基因型HBx对细胞基本自噬的增强程度不同,为进一步阐明HBV感染机理奠定了基础。     

白细胞介素-21与乙型肝炎病毒前S2S抗原融合蛋白在293T细胞中的表达

目的:构建白细胞介素-21(interleukin-21,IL-21)和乙型肝炎病毒前S2S抗原(S2S)的融合表达质粒,并研究其在293T细胞中的表达。方法:采用PCR方法扩增IL-21和HBV前S2S基因片段,分别克隆入pcDNA3真核表达质粒,用分子克隆方法构建融合表达质粒,并以脂质体2000转染293T细胞,分别应用ELISA法和Western Blot法检测细胞上清及细胞中IL-21和HBsAg的表达水平。结果:经酶切鉴定及DNA序列证实重组质粒内插入片段序列正确,三种重组质粒分别命名为pcDNA-IL-21、pcDNA-S2S和pcDNA-IL-21-S2S,并且重组质粒能在293T细胞内表达并分泌相关蛋白。结论:成功构建IL-21和乙型肝炎病毒前S2S抗原的融合表达质粒,重组质粒能在真核细胞内表达。     

Activation of pattern recognition receptor-mediated innate immunity inhibits the replication of hepatitis B virus in human hepatocyte-derived cells

Recognition of virus infections by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), and melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 (MDA5), activates signaling pathways, leading to the induction of inflammatory cytokines that limit viral replication. To determine the effects of PRR-mediated innate immune response on hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication, a 1.3mer HBV genome was cotransfected into HepG2 or Huh7 cells with plasmid expressing TLR adaptors, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), and TIR-domain-containing adaptor-inducing beta interferon (TRIF), or RIG-I/MDA5 adaptor, interferon promoter stimulator 1 (IPS-1). The results showed that expressing each of the three adaptors dramatically reduced the levels of HBV mRNA and DNA in both HepG2 and Huh7 cells. However, HBV replication was not significantly affected by treatment of HBV genome-transfected cells with culture media harvested from cells transfected with each of the three adaptors, indicating that the adaptor-induced antiviral response was predominantly mediated by intracellular factors rather than by secreted cytokines. Analyses of involved signaling pathways revealed that activation of NF-κB is required for all three adaptors to elicit antiviral response in both HepG2 and Huh7 cells. However, activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 is only essential for induction of antiviral response by IPS-1 in Huh7 cells, but not in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, our results suggest that besides NF-κB, additional signaling pathway(s) are required for TRIF to induce a maximum antiviral response against HBV. Knowing the molecular mechanisms by which PRR-mediated innate defense responses control HBV infections could potentially lead to the development of novel therapeutics that evoke the host cellular innate antiviral response to control HBV infections.     

小环载体介导的siRNA 稳定抑制乙肝病毒的复制和表达

【目的】尝试构建表达小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA,siRNA)的小环载体,并初步鉴定其对乙肝病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)复制及其基因表达的抑制作用。【方法】设计并合成靶向HBV S区的siRNA,将其克隆到小环载体pMC.BESPX-MCS2上,测序正确后将重组体pMC-H1-siHBS-U6转化入感受态E.coliZYCY10P3S2T,然后在培养基中加入L-阿拉伯糖,诱导其降解细菌骨架,获取只含有目的基因表达盒的小环RNA干扰载体pmc-H1-siHBS-U6。将小环RNA干扰载体与HBV真核表达质粒pHBV1.3共转染Huh-7细胞,分别在转染后1-7天,ELISA法检测Huh-7细胞上清中的HBsAg、HBeAg,并且通过Real-time RT-PCR法分析干扰RNA对HBV DNA及mRNA的抑制效果。【结果】成功构建了靶向HBV S基因的siRNA小环表达载体pmc-H1-siHBS-U6。该载体能显著抑制Huh-7细胞HBsAg和HBeAg分泌,并且其抑制效果能够维持2-3周时间。Real-time PCR证实HBV的DNA与mRNA水平分别降低了71%和80%,而对照siRNA及空载体则无此作用。【结论】成功构建了靶向HBV的小环RNA干扰载体,并且其能稳定、高效、特异地抑制HBV基因的表达与复制,该研究不仅对探索HBV的基因治疗提供了重要线索,而且为RNA干扰的应用提供了新的运载体系。     

柯萨奇B3病毒基因在重组痘苗病毒中的表达

将编码柯萨奇Ｂ３病毒（ＣＶＢ３）衣壳蛋白ＶＰ１和ＶＰ２的基因,分别克隆到具有７．５ｋ启动子的痘苗病毒表达载体ｐＧＪＰ５上;将ＣＶＢ３衣壳蛋白全基因克隆到具有Ｔ７启动子的痘苗表达载体ｐＴＭ１上,并筛先到相应的重组痘苗病毒ＶＶＰ１、ＶＶＰ２和ＶＶＰ／４／２／３／１。ＶＶＰ１和ＶＶＰ２稳定表达产物为ＣＶＢ３衣壳蛋白ＶＰ１和ＶＰ２,而ＶＶＰ４／２／３／１为一无分泌性的多聚蛋白,且这三种表达产物均属无分泌性     

构建表达Flag-GPI的重组乙型肝炎病毒载体

乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)是小型的嗜肝DNA病毒,能够特异性地感染人肝实质细胞。HBV的易感性可以归于多个方面,包括细胞表面的受体以及细胞内的蛋白或其他因子,目前对HBV易感性的了解还有待深入。本课题利用课题组原有的HBV 5c3c载体和糖基磷脂酰肌醇(glycosylphosphatidylinositol,GPI)的特性,构建了重组HBV载体5c3c-CD59-Flag-GPI和5c3cT-Flag-GPI,转染Huh7细胞后可以将Flag标签锚定在细胞膜上,且可利用Flag抗体通过流式细胞术对其进行分选。在回补HBV包膜蛋白的情况下,5c3cT-Flag-GPI能包装形成完整的重组HBV颗粒。本研究为后续优化重组HBV的包装效率,进而为HBV易感性研究提供工具并奠定基础。     

乙型肝炎病毒X基因真核表达载体的构建及表达

目的:构建含有天然完整的乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)X基因序列的真核表达载体,观察其在肝癌细胞株中的表达。方法:设计并合成HBV X基因的引物,用PCR方法从含完整HBV全基因的HepG2细胞中扩增X基因序列,并将其连接到真核表达载体pVAX-1上,酶切、PCR鉴定;用Triton X-114去除质粒内毒素后,采用电穿孔法将重组质粒pVAX-HBV X和空质粒pVAX-1分别转染SMMC-7721细胞,RT-PCR法检测HBV X基因mRNA的表达,Western印迹鉴定HBV X蛋白(HBx)的表达。结果:酶切和PCR鉴定证实pVAX-HBV X载体中包含完整的HBVX基因片段,该重组质粒转染的SMMC-7721细胞中HBV X基因mRNA及HBx蛋白的表达稳定。结论:构建了HBV X基因的真核表达载体,为X基因及其编码蛋白的生物学功能的研究提供了可靠的基因材料。     

从干扰素诱导蛋白MxA筛选抗乙肝病毒活性肽

黏病毒抗性蛋白A（myxovirus resistance protein A,MxA）是由干扰素诱导的具有重要抗乙肝病毒（hepatitis B virus,HBV）功能的蛋白质,我们前期工作发现,MxA主要依赖其中心互作结构域（central interactive domain,CID）与病毒直接相互作用发挥功能,但其具体的抗病毒功能区以及功能区是否具有独立的抗病毒活性仍不清楚。本研究拟鉴定MxA蛋白上的抗乙肝病毒活性肽。首先从全长MxA构建缺失突变体ΔCID和截短体CID,以HepG2-2-15细胞为病毒模型,分别转染空载质粒、MxA、ΔCID和CID,免疫荧光法检测转染效率,Western印迹法检测质粒表达,酶联免疫法测定细胞培养液中HBsAg、HBeAg的量及荧光定量PCR法测定乙肝病毒 DNA的量,评估CID段的抗乙肝病毒活性。根据CID段的晶体结构,缩短肽段长度,构建α1、α2、α3等9段肽段质粒,鉴定各段的抗乙肝病毒活性和细胞毒性（MTT法）。运用计算生物学手段--分子对接法预测MxA蛋白与病毒相互作用的模式和位点。结果显示,ΔCID、CID和9段肽段质粒的序列及表达正确,9段肽段的表达量未见显著性差异,无显著的细胞毒性。CID组和黏病毒抗性蛋白A组较对照组乙肝病毒的复制水平显著降低,CID组细胞上清中HBsAg、HBeAg及乙肝病毒 DNA的量分别减少了55.57%±8.48%、68.37%±6.24%、66.67%±6.40%,P＜0.01;MxA组的3个指标分别减少了61.63%±3.11%、70.77%±7.25%、73.73%±6.18%,P＜0.01;ΔCID组较对照组无明显变化。9段肽段中α1组较对照组HBsAg、HBeAg及乙肝病毒 DNA的量有显著下降,分别减少了48.33%±1.70%、70.67%±3.30%、68.95%±2.55%,P＜0.001,表明α1对乙肝病毒具有强抑制活性。分子对接的结果显示,384 ～ 408位氨基酸是MxA蛋白与病毒互作的关键位点,该区域落在α1肽段上,验证了α1是MxA蛋白抗乙肝病毒及与乙肝病毒相互作用中的关键区段。本研究筛选并鉴定出人干扰素诱导蛋白MxA上最有效的抗乙肝病毒活性肽α1,研究结果为抗乙肝病毒多肽类新药的研发奠定了基础。     

绿色荧光蛋白分裂肽基因重组乙型肝炎病毒复制子模型的建立

为构建一种重组乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)复制子模型,使其能够在病毒感染的细胞中表达可视化报告基因蛋白,本研究删除HBV基因组核心蛋白(HBV core,HBc)编码区部分序列,构建HBV1.1-ΔHBc113复制子载体.利用内含肽(intein)介导蛋白拼接的特性,选取加强绿色荧光蛋白(...     

Mechanism of inhibiting type I interferon induction by hepatitis B virus X protein

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is regarded as a stealth virus, invading and replicating efficiently in human liver undetected by host innate antiviral immunity. Here, we show that type I interferon (IFN) induction but not its downstream signaling is blocked by HBV replication in HepG2.2.15 cells. This effect may be partially due to HBV X protein (HBx), which impairs IFNβ promoter activation by both Sendai virus (SeV) and components implicated in signaling by viral sensors. As a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB), HBx cleaves Lys63-linked polyubiquitin chains from many proteins except TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1). It binds and deconjugates retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG I) and TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), causing their dissociation from the downstream adaptor CARDIF or TBK1 kinase. In addition to RIG I and TRAF3, HBx also interacts with CARDIF, TRIF, NEMO, TBK1, inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase epsilon (IKKi) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). Our data indicate that multiple points of signaling pathways can be targeted by HBx to negatively regulate production of type I IFN.     

A retrovirus-based system to stably silence hepatitis B virus genes by RNA interference

RNA interference (RNAi) might be an efficient antiviral therapy for some obstinate illness. Herein, a retrovirus-based RNAi system was developed to drive expression and delivery of Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in HepG2 cells. The levels of HBsAg and HBeAg and that of HBV mRNA were dramatically decreased by this RNAi system in HepG2 cells transfected with Topo-HBV plasmid. Retrovirus-based RNAi thus may be useful for therapy in HBV and other viral infections and provide new clues for prophylactic vaccine development.     

过氧化物酶蛋白1 真核表达载体构建及在Hela 细胞的表达与定位

目的:构建过氧化物酶蛋白1(PRDX 1)的真核表达载体,观察其在Hela细胞内表达及定位。方法:提取BALB/c小鼠肝脏组织总RNA,通过RT-PCR方法扩增得到小鼠PRDX 1编码序列,酶切后克隆至pcDNA3-myc载体。重组质粒通过PCR、酶切、测序证明构建正确后经脂质体转染Hela细胞,然后利用Western blot和荧光显微镜技术观察该融合蛋白在细胞内表达及定位。结果:经鉴定证明重组质粒构建正确;Western blot实验显示,该质粒能够在Hela细胞中特异表达;免疫荧光试验显示,蛋白产物分布在胞浆和胞核,证明该蛋白在细胞内高表达。结论:成功构建带有myc标签的PRDX 1真核表达载体,该质粒能够在哺乳细胞中特异表达并且外源性PRDX 1蛋白分布在Hela细胞胞浆胞核内,为深入研究PRDX 1蛋白在细胞内相关生物学研究奠定了基础。