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1.
Guggulsterone, a hypolipidemic natural agent, is produced in resin canals of the plant Commiphora wightii. In this study, the stimulatory effects of growth retardants [ALAR (N,N-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid) and CCC (chlormequat chloride)] and fungal elicitor on guggulsterone accumulation in cell cultures
of C. wightii are reported. CCC at 1 mg l−1 enhanced guggulsterone content (~123 μg l−1) when added on the fifth day after inoculation, while ALAR at 2.5 mg l−1 increased guggulsterone content (~116 μg l−1) when added on the tenth day. In a two-stage fed-batch process, combined treatment with fungal elicitor and growth retardant
caused a significant increase (~353 μg l−1) in guggulsterone content in cell cultures after 17 days of growth. This represents an approximately fivefold increase over
the guggulsterone contents in initial cultures of this plant. 相似文献
2.
Bilal Haider Abbasi Mubarak Ali Khan Tariq Mahmood Mushtaq Ahmad Muhammad Fayyaz Chaudhary Mir Ajab Khan 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2010,101(3):371-376
The morphogenic potential and free-radical scavenging activity of the medicinal plant, Silybum marianum L. (milk thistle) were investigated. Callus development and shoot organogenesis were induced from leaf explants of wild-grown
plants incubated on media supplemented with different plant growth regulators (PGRs). The highest frequency of callus induction
was observed on explants incubated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 5.0 mg l−1 6-benzyladenine (BA) after 20 days of culture. Subsequent transfer of callogenic explants onto MS medium supplemented with
2.0 mg l−1 gibberellic acid (GA3) and 1.0 mg l−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) resulted in 25.5 ± 2.0 shoots per culture flask after 30 days following culture. Moreover,
when shoots were transferred to an elongation medium, the longest shoots were observed on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l−1 BA and 1.0 mg l−1 NAA, and these shoots were rooted on a PGR-free MS basal medium. Assay of antioxidant activity of in vitro and in vivo grown
tissues revealed that significantly higher antioxidant activity was observed in callus than all other regenerated tissues
and wild-grown plants. 相似文献
3.
Nisar Ahmad Hina Fazal Bilal Haider Abbasi Muhammad Rashid Tariq Mahmood Nighat Fatima 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2010,102(1):129-134
The organogenic potential and antioxidant potential (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl-scavenging activity) of the medicinal
plant Piper nigrum L. (black pepper) were investigated. Callus induction and shoot regeneration were induced from leaf explants of potted plants
cultured on MS medium supplemented with different plant growth regulators. The best callogenic response was observed on explants
cultured for 30 days on MS medium supplemented with either 0.5 or 1.5 mg l−1 6-benzyladenine (BA) + 1.0 mg l−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid. Subsequent transfer of the callogenic explants onto MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg l−1 BA + 1.0 mg l−1 gibberellic acid (GA3) achieved 85% shoot organogenesis after 30 days of culture. The maximum number (7.2) of shoots/explant was recorded for explants
cultured in MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l−1 BA. Following the transfer of shoots to an elongation medium, the longest shoots (5.4 cm) were observed on MS medium supplemented
with 1.0 mg l−1 BA + 1.0 mg l−1 GA3. The elongated shoots were rooted on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of indole butyric acid. An assay
of the antioxidant potential of the in vitro-grown tissues revealed that the antioxidant activity of the regenerated shoots
was significantly higher than that of callus and the regenerated plantlets. 相似文献
4.
Athip Sakunphueak Pharkphoom Panichayupakaranant 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2010,102(1):9-15
The effects of type of explant (leaves and roots), donor plants, and plant growth regulators on naphthoquinone (NQ) production
of Impatiens balsamina L. root cultures were evaluated. The root cultures were initiated in liquid Gamborg’s B5 medium supplemented with 0.1 mg l−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 0.1 mg l−1 kinetin (Kn) and 1.0 mg l−1 6-benzyladenine (BA). The present investigation indicated that the root cultures established from the leaf explants produced
higher total NQ content [1.01 ± 0.046 mg/g dry weight (DW)] than those established from the root explants (0.62 ± 0.023 mg/g
DW). The leaf explants of four I. balsamina strains including white flower plant (IbW), pink flower plant (IbP), violet flower plant (IbV) and red flower plant (IbR)
were used to establish the root cultures. Based on HPLC analysis, IbP strain produced the highest total NQ content (3.39 ± 0.072 mg/g
DW), while IbR strain produced the lowest one (1.45 ± 0.055 mg/g DW). The root cultures established from the IbP explant were
capable of producing higher content of total NQs (2.76 ± 0.093 mg/g DW) than those established from the other strains. The
results suggest that the tissue cultures initiated from the high-yielding donor plants should be capable of producing higher
content of secondary compounds than those initiated from low-yielding donor plants. In addition, plant growth regulator manipulation
exhibited that a combination of 0.1 mg l−1 NAA, 1.0 mg l−1 Kn and 2.0 mg l−1 BA is capable of increasing NQ production (2.97 ± 0.072 mg/g DW) in I. balsamina root cultures. 相似文献
5.
Ehsan Ullah Khan Xing-Zheng Fu Ji-Hong Liu 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2012,109(2):383-390
In this study, attempts were made to develop a protocol for regeneration of transgenic plants via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of leaf segments from ‘Valencia’ sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) using gfp (green fluorescence protein) as a vital marker. Sensitivity of the leaf segments regeneration to kanamycin was evaluated,
which showed that 50 mg l−1 was the best among the tested concentrations. In addition, factors affecting the frequency of transient gfp expression were optimized, including leaf age, Agrobacterium concentration, infection time, and co-cultivation period. Adventitious shoots regenerated on medium containing Murashige
and Tucker basal medium plus 0.1 mg l−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 0.5 mg l−1 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.5 mg l−1 kinetin (KT). The leaf segments from 3-month-old in vitro seedlings, Agrobacterium concentration at OD600 of 0.6, 10-min immersion, and co-cultivation for 3 days yielded the highest frequency of transient gfp expression, shoots regeneration response and transformation efficiency. By applying these optimized parameters we recovered
independent transformed plants at the transformation efficiency of 23.33% on selection medium (MT salts augmented with 0.5 mg l−1 BA, 0.5 mg l−1 KT, 0.1 mg l−1 NAA, 50 mg l−1 kanamycin and 250 mg l−1 cefotaxime). Expression of gfp in the leaf segments and regenerated shoots was confirmed using fluorescence microscope. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
analysis using gfp and nptII gene-specific primers further confirmed the integration of the transgene in the independent transgenic plants. The transformation
methodology described here may pave the way for generating transgenic plants using leaf segments as explants. 相似文献
6.
Wei Huo Chun-hua Zhuang Ya Cao Meng Pu Hui Yao Lai-qing Lou Qing-sheng Cai 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2012,34(1):139-150
As most gramineous plants, guinea grass (Panicum maximum) comprise cellulosic biomass, which may be used as a feedstock for bioenergy. In order to develop such potential energy plants
on copper-polluted lands, the hydroponic experiments with Cu, Paclobutrazol (PP333, a kind of antigibberellin) and plant growth-promoting
bacterial endophyte (PGPB) treatments were carried out in a greenhouse. The seedlings of two cultivars of guinea grass, GG1
(P. maximum
var. Natsukomaki) and GG2 (P. maximum var. Natsukaze) in 3 weeks old were treated, respectively, with different Cu treatments [0(CK), 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 μM l−1 Cu] for estimating Cu toxicity. The results showed that elevated Cu restrained plant growth and reduced biomass. According
to the EC50 value [the Cu concentration when the relative gain in fresh weight ratio was 50% of control] of two tested cultivars,
the concentration of Cu for further experiments was decided as 300 μM l−1. Both pretreatments of PP333 (200, 400, 600 mg l−1) and PGPB (Pantoea
sp.) significantly alleviated the negative affect caused by stress of 300 μM l−1 Cu. The pretreatment of 400 mg l−1 PP333 promoted both two cultivars in biomass, compared to 300 μM l−1 Cu treat. The inoculation of Pantoea sp. Jp3-3 increased shoot dry weight, compared to Cu treat. The results suggested that the main reason for both PP333 and
Pantoea sp. Jp3-3 enhanced Cu tolerance in guinea grass was that their pretreatments significantly decreased Cu absorption and accumulation
under excessive Cu stress. The present study has provided a new insight into the exploitation of energy plant in heavy metal
polluted condition by the way of plant growth regulation for increasing heavy metal tolerance. 相似文献
7.
Meiru Li Hongqing Li Xiaoying Hu Xiaoping Pan Guojiang Wu 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2010,102(3):321-327
Zoysia tenuifolia Willd. ex Trin. is one of the most popularly cultivated turfgrass. This is the first report of successful plant regeneration
and genetic transformation protocols for Z. tenuifolia using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Initial calli was induced from stem nodes incubated on a Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) medium supplemented with 2 mg l−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1 mg l−1 6-benzyladenine (BA), with a frequency of 53%. Compact calli were selected and subcultured monthly on the fresh medium. Sixty-nine
percent of the calli could be induced to regenerate plantlets when the calli incubated on a MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg l−1 BA under darkness. For genetic transformation, calli were incubated with A. tumefaciens strain EHA105 harboring the binary vector pCAMBIA 1301 which contains the hpt gene as a selectable marker for hygromycin resistance and an intron-containing β-glucuronidase gene (gus-int) as a reporter gene. Following co-cultivation, about 12% of the callus explants produced hygromycin resistant calli on
MS medium supplemented with 2 mg l−1 2,4-D, 1 mg l−1 BA, 50 mg l−1 hygromycin, 500 mg l−1 cefotaxime after 8 weeks. Shoots were regenerated following transfer of the resistant calli to shoot induction medium containing
0.2 mg l−1 BA, 50 mg l−1 hygromycin, and 250 mg l−1 cefotaxime, and about 46% of the resistant calli differentiated into shoots. Finally, all the resistant shoots were rooted
on 1/2 MS media supplemented with 50 mg l−1 hygromycin, 250 mg l−1 cefotaxime. The transgenic nature of the transformants was demonstrated by the detection of β-glucuronidase activity in the primary transformants and by PCR and Southern hybridization analysis. About 5% of the total
inoculated callus explants produced transgenic plants after approximately 5 months. The procedure described will be useful
for both, the introduction of desired genes into Z. tenuifolia and the molecular analysis of gene function. 相似文献
8.
Jatropha curcas L. (Physic nut) is a commercially important non-edible oil seed crop known for its use as an alternate source of biodiesel.
In order to investigate the morphogenic potential of immature embryo, explants from four developmental stages were cultured
on medium supplemented with combinations of auxins and cytokinins. It was found that the size of embryo is critical for the
establishment of callus. Immature embryos (1.1–1.5 cm) obtained from the fruits 6 weeks after pollination showed a good response
of morphogenic callus induction (85.7%) and subsequent plant regeneration (70%) with the maximum number of plantlets (4.7/explant)
on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with IBA (0.5 mg l−1) and BA (1.0 mg l−1). The above medium when supplemented with growth adjuvants such as 100 mg l−1 casein hydrolysate + 200 mg l−1
l-glutamine + 8.0 mg l−1 CuSO4 resulted in an even higher frequency of callus induction (100%). Plant regeneration (90%) with the maximum number of plantlets
(10/explant) was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 500 mg l−1 polyvinyl pyrrolidone + 30 mg l−1 citric acid + 1 mg l−1 BA + 0.5 mg l−1 Kn + 0.25 mg l−1 IBA. It was observed that plantlet regeneration could occur either through organogenesis of morphogenic callus or via multiplication
of pre-existing meristem in immature embryos. The age of immature embryos and addition of a combination of growth adjuvants
to the culture medium appear to be critical for obtaining high regeneration rates. Well-developed shoots rooted on half-strength
MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l−1 IBA and 342 mg l−1 trehalose. The rooted plants after acclimatization were successfully transferred to the field in different agro-climatic
zones in India. This protocol has been successfully evaluated on five elite lines of J. curcas. 相似文献
9.
Previous studies suggest that current-driven plant transport in shallow lagoons and estuaries is associated with increased
turbidity. Our hypothesis is therefore that macroalgae erode surface sediment while drifting as bedload. This ballistic effect
of moving plants on surface sediment was tested in a series of controlled annular flume experiments, where simultaneous measurements
of macrophytes transport and turbidity were conducted at increasing current velocities. Sediment erosion always started earlier
in experiments with plants than in control experiments without plants. Turbidity increased immediately when plants started
to move at current velocities of 2–4 cm s−1. From a background concentration of 7–10 mg SPM l−1, turbidity increased to 30–50 mg SPM l−1 for Ceramium sp., Ulva lactuca and Chaetomorpha linum, while the more rigid Gracilaria sp., caused much higher turbidities (50–180 mg SPM l−1). Such plant induced sediment erosion at low current velocity can explain the observed appearance of turbid waters in estuaries
and lagoons in the absence of strong wind and wave action. Based on 3-D hydrodynamic modelling, it was determined that plant
driven erosion occurs during most of the growth season in a shallow eutrophic estuary (Odense Fjord, Denmark). 相似文献
10.
Saikat Gantait Nirmal Mandal Somnath Bhattacharyya Prakash Kanti Das 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2010,46(6):537-548
A novel, efficient, and simple protocol was developed on in vitro mass propagation and acclimatization of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus cv. Sciella, an ornamental plant with attractive flowers. Shoot tip was used as the primary explant for in vitro establishment in which Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with a low level of NAA (0.5 mg l−1) and BAP (1.5 mg l−1) promoted earliest axillary bud initiation within 5 d in 91.6% of the inoculants. Five axillary buds were initiated from
a single explant within 13 d after inoculation. A very high rate of shoot multiplication (14 shoots per inoculated axillary
bud) and proliferation was achieved when MS medium was fortified with a relatively higher level of BAP (2 mg l−1) and 60 mg l−1 ADS within 27 d of multiple shoot culture. A maximum number of well-developed roots per plant was observed in MS medium with
0.5 mg l−1 IAA in the next 26 d. In the easy low-cost acclimatization process of 20 d, a combination of sand, soil, cow urine, and tea
leaves extract (1:1:1:1; v/v) ensured 95% survival rate. Sixty-one well-acclimatized plants were obtained from a single shoot tip within 86 d. The sustained
multiple shoot culture for 15 mo paved the way toward the conservation of genetic resources as well as beneficial economics.
The clonal fidelity study of micropropagated and sustained cultured clones using ISSR primers ensured the continuous supply
of quality propagules retaining genetic uniformity. The in vitro-generated plants performed better over conventionally propagated plants in the field condition. 相似文献
11.
The influence of increasing concentrations (0.1, 1.0 and 5.0 mg l−1) of fluoranthene (FLT) on growth, endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) level and primary photosynthetic processes in 21-day-old
pea plants (Pisum sativum L.) in vitro was investigated. Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium, with or without FLT, was enriched with indole-3-acetic
acid (IAA; 0.1 mg l−1) or a combination of IAA (0.1 mg l−1) plus N6-benzyladenine (BA; 0.1 mg l−1). The level of endogenous ABA significantly increased with increasing FLT concentrations in the presence of both IAA and
IAA plus BA. An increased level of endogenous ABA was observed in plants treated with IAA alone. The growth of shoot, callus
and the content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids), in both IAA- and IAA plus BA-treated plants, were significantly stimulated by FLT at its lowest concentration
(0.1 mg l−1) assayed in this study. However, FLT at higher concentrations (1.0 and 5.0 mg l−1) significantly inhibited all these parameters. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging showed that FLT only at the highest concentration
(5.0 mg l−1) in the presence of IAA (0.1 mg l−1) significantly increased F0, but decreased FV/FM and ΦII. 相似文献
12.
Bo Long Alex X. Niemiera Zhi-ying Cheng Chun-lin Long 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2010,101(2):151-162
The effects of seed maturity, media type, carbon source, and organic nutrient additives on seed germination, protocorm development,
and plant growth of Paphiopedilum villosum var. densissimum Z. J. Liu et S. C. Chen were investigated. Micropropagation frequency was enhanced through the use of 200-day-old seed, Knudson
C (KC) medium, and the presence of both glucose and coconut milk in the medium. The effects of various plant growth regulators
on the frequency of shoot organogenesis in four Paphiopedilum species were also investigated. Explants of P. villosum var. densissimum and P. insigne (Lindl.) Stein incubated in the presence of 5 mg l−1 6-benzyladenine (BA) with 0.5 mg l−1 α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 0.2 mg l−1 BA with 0.1 mg l−1 NAA, respectively, showed a twofold increase in the frequency of shoot organogenesis. For explants of P. bellatulum (Rchb. f.) Stein and P. armeniacum S. C. Chen et F. Y. Liu, the combination of 5.5 mg l−1 BA with 0.5 mg l−1 NAA and 4 mg l−1 BA with 0.1 mg l−1 NAA, respectively, resulted in the highest frequencies of shoot organogenesis. 相似文献
13.
Meiru Li Hongqing Li Xiaoying Hu Xiaoping Pan Guojiang Wu 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,106(3):363-371
Saussurea involucrata is a valuable traditional Chinese medicinal herb. This is the first report of a successful genetic transformation protocol
for S. involucrata using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Leaf explants were incubated with A. tumefaciens strain EHA105 harboring the binary vector pCAMBIA 1301, which contains the hpt gene as a selectable marker for hygromycin resistance and an intron-containing β-glucuronidase gene as a reporter gene. Following
co-cultivation, about 23.7% of the explants produced hygromycin-resistant calli on MS basal medium (Murashige and Skoog in
Physiol Plant 15: 473–497, 1962) supplemented with 1 mg l−1 benzyladenine (BA), 0.1 mg l−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 0.1 mg l−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 20 mg l−1 hygromycin, and 500 mg l−1 cefotaxime. Shoots were regenerated following transfer of the resistant calli to shoot induction medium containing 1.5 mg l−1 BA, 0.1 mg l−1 NAA, 0.25 mg l−1 gibberellic acid (GA3), 20 mg l−1 hygromycin, and 250 mg l−1 cefotaxime, and about 67.5% of the resistant calli differentiated into shoots. Finally, 80% of the hygromycin-resistant shoots
rooted on MS media supplemented with 0.2 mg l−1 NAA, 20 mg l−1 hygromycin, and 250 mg l−1 cefotaxime. The transgenic nature of the transformants was demonstrated by detection of β-glucuronidase activity in the primary
transformants and by Southern blot hybridization analysis. About 16% of the total inoculated leaf explants produced transgenic
plants after approximately 5 months. Using this optimized transformation system, a rice ortholog of the Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T gene, Hd3a, was transferred into S. involucrata. Introduction of this gene caused an early-flowering phenotype in S. involucrata. 相似文献
14.
Weimei Jiang Luxi Chen Qi Pan Yingxiong Qiu Yingying Shen Chengxin Fu 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2012,34(2):631-639
Dysosma versipellis (Hance) M. Cheng is an endangered plant due to overharvesting for the extraction of podophyllotoxin. Thus, the in vitro technique
is valuable for the propagation of this species. When the explants of rhizome buds were cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s
(MS) medium with 6-benzyladenine (BA) (1.0 mg l−1), gibberellic acid (GA3) (0.5 mg l−1) and zeatin (Zea) (0.5 mg l−1), multiple buds were regenerated directly on the explants without callusing within 6 weeks. Callus was induced from the leaf
segment cultures on MS basal medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (0.5 mg l−1) and BA (0.2 mg l−1) within 4 weeks. The adventitious buds were differentiated when the calli were subcultured on MS medium supplemented with
BA (1.0 mg l−1) and thidiazuron (TDZ) (0.2 mg l−1) within 6 weeks. The adventitious buds obtained from callus and the rhizome-buds rooted with a frequency of 100% on half
strength MS medium fortified with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) 0.5 mg l−1 and activated charcoal (AC) 0.5 g l−1 for 4 weeks. The rooted shoots were successfully transplanted from a mixture of vermiculite:soil (1:1 v/v) to the field with
a survival rate of 85%. Podophyllotoxin production in calli, cultured rhizomes, rhizomes of transplanting plants from the
garden and rhizomes in the wild field was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Our results
suggest that calli, cultured rhizomes and rhizomes of transplanting plants would be the potential sources of podophyllotoxin. 相似文献
15.
Synergistic effect of morphactin on cytokinin-induced production of isoflavonoids in cell cultures of Pueraria tuberosa (Roxb. ex. Willd.) DC 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Isoflavonoids, the functional molecules of Fabaceae, are under clinical trials against cancer, osteoporosis and cardiovascular
diseases. In this study, the efficacy of different plant growth regulators was evaluated for optimizing the production of
isoflavonoids in Pueraria tuberosa. The cultures were maintained in Murashige and Skoog’s medium containing 0.1 mg l−1 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) and 0.1 mg l−1 kinetin. The addition of 5.0 mg l−1 N6-(2-Isopentenyl) adenine (2iP) resulted in about ∼32-folds increase in production of isoflavonoids, while about ∼23-folds
increase was recorded in the absence of kinetin in the maintenance medium. A maximum yield of isoflavonoids (∼80 mg l−1; 82-folds increase) was obtained in cultures grown at 0.1 mg l−1 morphactin and 5.0 mg l−1 of 2iP. However, 2,4,5-T in combination with 2iP was ineffective for their production. Among different plant growth regulators
tested, maximum yields of puerarin, genistin, daidzein and genistein were 17.4, 15.9, 69.0 and 0.04 mg l−1, respectively. The study suggested that the presence of two cytokinins or 2iP with morphactin in the culture medium markedly
enhanced the production of isoflavonoids in P. tuberosa. 相似文献
16.
The halophyte Leymus chinensis (Trin.) is a perennial rhizome grass (tribe Gramineae) that is widely distributed in China, Mongolia and Siberia, where it
is produced as a forage product. In this report, we establish a highly reproducible plant regeneration system through somatic
embryogenesis. Two explants, mature seeds and leaf base segments were used; these parts displayed different responses to combinations
of growth factors that affect embryogenic callus induction, callus type optimization and plant regeneration. The highest callus
induction frequency was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.0 mg l−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in the presence of 5.0 mg l−1
l-glutamic acid. The inclusion of 5.0 mg l−1
l-glutamic acid was found to significantly promote primary callus induction, embryogenic callus formation and callus status
improvement. Subculturing on maintenance medium for 1–2 months before plant regeneration was found to be essential for the
optimization of callus type and the maturation of embryogenic callus. Callus relative water content and growth rate were simultaneously
investigated during callus maintenance, and found to possibly be related to callus type. Shoots were differentiated from the
embryogenic callus on the optimal medium with MS salts containing 0.2–0.5 mg l−1 α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 2.0 mg l−1 kinetin (Kn) and 2.0 g l−1 casamino acids in 71.0 and 69.2% of wild-type (WT) and Jisheng No.1 (JS) plants, respectively. Plant regeneration was variable
depending on NAA levels, and the addition of casamino acids stimulated the maturation of embryogenic callus and plant regeneration.
Transferring callus with shoots onto half-strength MS medium resulted in rooting within 1 week. The growth of regenerated
plants was also surveyed in the field. This is the first report of plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis from mature
seeds and leaf base segments of L. chinensis. 相似文献
17.
A simple protocol for direct shoot organogenesis and plant regeneration in Lessertia frutescens using hypocotyl and cotyledon segments is reported. l-canavanine content in the derived shoots is also quantified. Media containing different concentrations and combinations of
the cytokinins kinetin (K) and benzyladenine (BA) were tested for shoot induction potential. The best shoot regeneration rate
(83%) was obtained from hypocotyl segments cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1 mg l−1 K; these hypocotyls also produced the largest number of shoots per explant (3.5) and the longest shoots per explant (13.3
mm). The best shoot regeneration rate (46%) using cotyledons as explant material was obtained in MS medium supplemented with
1 mg l−1 K and 1 mg l−1 BA or with 5 mg l−1 K and 0.5 mg l−1 BA. The highest number of cotyledon-derived shoots (1.5) was obtained in MS medium containing 2 mg l−1 K and 0.5 mg l−1 BA, and the longest cotyledon-derived shoots (6.1 mm) were obtained in MS medium containing 1 mg l−1 K and 0.5 mg l−1 BA. Shoots derived from hypocotyls cultured on media containing 1 mg l−1 K contained the highest quantity of l-canavanine (1.42 mg g−1) relative to the control (0.52 mg g−1). Shoots derived from cotyledons cultured on media containing 2 mg l−1 K contained the highest quantity of l-canavanine (2.07 mg g−1) compared to the control. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that shoots regenerated directly from the wounded epidermal
tissue, although callus formation was observed in most cultures. Young shoot clusters proliferated into healthy adventitious
shoots that were subsequently transferred directly onto rooting medium (MS medium containing 4 mg l−1 indole-3-butyric acid), eliminating the need for an additional multiplication or elongation phase. The in vitro plants were
successfully acclimatized in a growth chamber, achieving an 85% survival rate. 相似文献
18.
The effect of increasing concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fluoranthene (FLT; 0.1, 1 and 5 mg l−1) on the growth, ethylene production and anatomy of stems of 21-day-old pea plants cultivated in vitro in MS medium, with
or without FLT, enriched with 0.1 mg l−1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or with combination of 0.1 mg l−1 IAA + 0.1 mg l−1 N6-benzyladenine (BA) were investigated. The low concentration of 0.1 mg l−1 FLT, in both IAA- and IAA + BA-treated plants, significantly stimulated the growth of pea callus, while higher concentrations
1 mg l−1 and especially 5 mg l−1 FLT significantly inhibited it. Pea shoots were significantly influenced only after application of 5 mg l−1 FLT in IAA treatment. Significantly increased production of ethylene was found in IAA + BA treatments in all concentrations
of FLT, whereas in IAA treatments in 1 and 5 mg l−1 FLT. The lysigenous aerenchyma formation in the cortex of pea stems significantly increased in all FLT treatments and its
highest proportion was found in plants exposed to 1 mg l−1 FLT. 相似文献
19.
Junli Wang Jue Wang Kun Liu Xuan Xiao Weizhen Gong Yuan Lu Mingfei Liu Dongting Xu 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2010,46(5):445-450
An efficient micropropagation system for Hylotelephium tatarinowii (Maxim.) H. Ohba, a rare medicinal plant, has been developed. Callus induced from leaf explants placed onto Murashige and
Skoog (MS) medium with supplementation of plant growth regulators. When the concentration of 2,4-dicholorophenoxy acetic acid
was as high as 2.0 mg l−1 in combination with 0.5 mg l−1 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP), the callus induction rate reached 92.1%. Adventitious shoots were observed on callus exposed
to 1.0 mg l−1 6-BAP, with 81.5% frequency of shoot regeneration after 30 d. Flower buds appeared after subculture. Regenerated shoots could
flower normally in vitro. Up to 100% of the regenerated shoots formed complete plantlets on half-strength MS medium without any growth regulator, with
an average of 5.9 roots per shoot explant. Quantitative analysis of flavonoids and rutin showed that the phytochemical profile
of callus and regenerated plants was similar to that of wild plants. 相似文献
20.
Xueping Shi Xigang Dai Guofeng Liu Junwei Zhang Guogui Ning Manzhu Bao 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2010,46(2):117-125
An efficient protocol for secondary somatic embryogenesis in camphor tree is reported. Secondary somatic embryos (SSEs), initially
obtained from the primary embryos of a nascent embryogenic culture in 2002, were proliferated and maintained for more than
4 yr via cyclic secondary somatic embryogenesis. Throughout this period, the embryo populations retained a high level of competence
for plant regeneration. SSEs were produced on the surfaces of the cotyledons and radicular ends of maternal somatic embryos
(MSEs). Histological observations of the various stages of secondary embryo development revealed four typical stages, namely,
globular, heart-shaped, torpedo, and cotyledonary. The process of secondary embryogenesis continued in a cyclic way, with
each newly formed embryo producing a subsequent generation of secondary embryos. In order to progress developmentally beyond
proliferation cycles, cotyledonary embryos from one of embryogenic lines (L14) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium
with 0.1–3.0 mg l−1 abscisic acid (ABA) or 0.05–1.0 mg l−1 thidiazuron (TDZ) in darkness for 2 mo to achieve maturation. Matured embryos were then transferred to MS-based germination
medium containing either 0.1 mg l−1 TDZ, 0.2 mg l−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and 0.5 mg l−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) or 0.1 mg l−1 TDZ and 0.2 mg l−1 IBA and were cultured in light for germination. Over 50% of embryos matured in the presence of 0.5 mg l−1 ABA were able to germinate with shoots and poor root system. Frequencies of embryos germinating normal shoots among different
genotypes did not change significantly. A total of 93% of the shoots from the germinated embryos converted to plantlets on
half strength MS medium with 0.5 mg l−1 IBA by 3 wk. Plantlets acclimatized successfully to ex vitro conditions and developed as field-grown plants with normal appearance. 相似文献