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不同钙-醇溶解体系丝素蛋白的制备及表征研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用 4种中性盐溶液 Ca(NO3)24H2O 甲醇、Ca(NO3)24H2O 乙醇、CaCl2 甲醇 水和 CaCl2 乙醇 水(摩尔比分别为 1∶2、1∶2、1∶2∶8、1∶2∶8)处理蚕丝纤维,透析后经冷冻干燥制成固体,利用SDS PAGE、电镜扫描和红外光谱对制得的固体进行表征。SDS PAGE结果表明:Ca(NO3)24H2O 醇体系降解丝素蛋白较 CaCl2 醇 水体系降解程度高;电镜扫描的结果表明 Ca(NO3)24H2O 甲醇和 CaCl2 乙醇 水溶解体系处理的丝素蛋白溶解比较完全,Ca(NO3)24H2O 甲醇处理的丝素蛋白冻干后为颗粒状,而 CaCl2 乙醇 水处理的丝素蛋白冻干后为片状。红外光谱的结果表明:4种溶液处理后的丝素蛋白构象均介于 β折叠和无规则卷曲之间,从而为丝素蛋白在药物缓释载体领域的应用提供了一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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硝酸钾缓解氯化钠胁迫蓝藻Anabaena 7120固氮的生理基础 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
营养液中添加适量KNO3可在一定程度上缓解NaCl对鱼腥藻固氮活性的抑制作用。暗处理或加光合抑制剂时,KNO3对NaCl胁迫的缓解作用便消失。供给外源蔗糖、提高CO2浓度、同时供给CO2和N2时,KNO3对缓解NaCl胁迫的作用则增高.同时供给O2和H2对KNO3的缓解作用增高影响较小,而在厌氧(Ar或N2中)或单加氧下,KNO3的缓解效应则明显减弱或消失. 相似文献
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亚硒酸钠对四氯化碳损伤草鱼肝原代细胞与肝组织的保护作用 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
不同浓度四氯化碳(CCl4)对草鱼肝原代细胞的损伤实验中,CCl4浓度为10μl/ml可引起细胞血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)逸出量与细胞破损率显著增高,培养液中添加亚硒酸钠(Na2SeO3)0.2μg/ml,则可降低ALT、AST、LDH的逸出量,减轻细胞破损程度。Na2SeO3保护实验中,Na2SeO2+CCl4组预先腹腔注射(ip)0.1mg/kg.bw连续三日,末次ipCCl4混合液1ml/kg.bw,24h内肝组织超氧物歧化酶(SOD)相对活性比CCl4组提高达91.5%,第七日仍提高达54.5%,与对照组的水平基本接近;血清中丙氨酸氨基转氨酶(ALT)水平逐渐降低。本实验还观察到Na2SeO3可引起肝脂质过氧化物显著降低,肝微粒体蛋白含量与细胞色素P—450活性升高;组织切片观察显示肝组织损伤程度减轻,72h后细胞核增多。表明Na2SeO3可提高草鱼肝清除自由基能力,增强肝脏解毒功能。 相似文献
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识别未衍生化的13—羟化GAs及其葡萄糖苷的单克隆抗体 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
抗GA3 及其葡萄糖苷的MAB10单克隆抗体源于以GA3 中的3 位羟基(3-OH)为偶联位点,人血清白蛋白(HSA)为载体合成的GA3-3-HSA 免疫原. 该抗体对13-羟化GAs(13-OHGAs、GA1、GA3、GA5 等)和GA3 葡萄糖苷具有高亲和力. 7 位羧基的甲酯化可显著降低MAB10 对13-OH GAs的亲和力,而3-OH 的糖苷化却未降低其亲和力. 用该抗体建立的两种分别用于GA3 及其葡萄糖苷测定的酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA),其检测线性范围均为0.2~20 pm ol. 借助这两种ELISAs,研究了羊蹄(Rum ex japonicus)叶片中GA3 及其类似GAs和葡萄糖苷的动态变化.结果表明,叶片衰老与游离态GAs的糖苷化有关;而6-BA 延缓衰老则可能与其减缓GAs的糖苷化有关 相似文献
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中国HIV-1 B亚型P55和嵌合的P55-V3病毒样颗粒候选疫苗免疫效果的研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
研究我国艾滋病病毒Ⅰ型(HIV-1)病毒样颗粒(VLP)候选疫苗的免疫原性,为疫苗进行灵长类实验提供实验依据。将gag和gag-V3 VLP不同剂量(50μg、10μg、1μg)在有佐剂(氢氧化铝)和无佐剂条件下皮下免疫小鼠,然后眼眶采血,用ELISA法观察免疫鼠血清中抗体与剂量关系,以及中和抗体滴度和抗体IgG亚型IgG1和IgG2a的水平。同时取鼠脾淋巴细胞,体外抗原刺激后收取淋巴细胞分泌上清 相似文献
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钙对水稻幼苗抗冷性的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
CaCl2浸种提高水稻幼苗叶片中结合态钙、内源抗氧化剂(GSH、AsA)含量和膜保护酶(CAT、SOD和POD)活性,也增加可溶性蛋白质中煮沸稳定蛋白质(boiling-stableprotein)的含量。冷胁迫期间,CaCl2并能减少因冷胁迫引起的GSH、AsA含量,CAT、SOD和POD活性以及煮沸稳定蛋白质下降的程度。在恢复期间,经CaCl2处理的幼苗其GSH、ASA、CAT、SOD和POD以及煮沸稳定蛋白质水平均有回升。 相似文献
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盐度和CO2倍增环境下碱蓬幼苗呼吸酶活性的变化 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了生长在正常大气CO2和CO2倍增环境中的盐生植物碱蓬(Suaedasalsa)幼苗呼吸酶活性对KCl和NaCl的反应.结果表明,在CO2倍增(700μl·L-1)和正常大气CO2(350μl·L-1)下,300mmol·L-1KCl和NaCl均能抑制琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)和苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)活性,而异柠檬酸脱氢酶(IDH)活性为NaCl抑制、KCl促进;NaCl和KCl明显抑制细胞色素氧化酶(CO)和光呼吸中乙醇酸氧化酶(GO)、羟基丙酮酸还原酶(HPR)活性;并指出在KCl胁迫下,CO2使三羧酸循环(TCAC)的运行变慢,NaCl胁迫下使其加快,TCAC运行限速步骤与MDH无关,CO为盐对呼吸代谢影响的重要位点.另外,K+、Na+对蛋白表达的影响有差异,CO2可使盐胁迫下的碱蓬幼苗蛋白表达降低. 相似文献
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地鼠肾细胞狂犬病疫苗原液经100 kD 膜浓缩 30 倍,分别选用(1)DEAE Sepharose CL-6B离子交换层析法;(2)Sephacry1 S-200 HR 分子筛选层析法;(3)二次蔗糖等密度区带离心法对其进行纯化。用此三种方法各试制3 批精制疫苗,结果表明,经DEAE Sepharose CL-6B离子交换层析纯化后疫苗总蛋白含量减少99% 以上,抗原比活性提高159 倍,抗原回收率达50% ,纯化疫苗以NIH 法效力测定平均为5.4 IU/2m l;经Sephacry1 S-200HR 分子筛层析纯化后疫苗总蛋白含量减少 98% 以上,抗原比活性提高41 倍,抗原回收率达63% ,纯化疫苗效力平均为6.25 IU/2m l;经一次蔗糖等密度区带离心法纯化后疫苗总蛋白含量减少98% 以上,抗原比活性提高321 倍,抗原回收率达43% ,纯化疫苗效力平均为6.18 IU/2m l,三种纯化疫苗均符合W HO 规程要求。 相似文献
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On the origin of the Hirudinea and the demise of the Oligochaeta 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Martin P 《Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society》2001,268(1471):1089-1098
The phylogenetic relationships of the Clitellata were investigated with a data set of published and new complete 18S rRNA gene sequences of 51 species representing 41 families. Sequences were aligned on the basis of a secondary structure model and analysed with maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood. In contrast to the latter method, parsimony did not recover the monophyly of Clitellata. However, a close scrutiny of the data suggested a spurious attraction between some polychaetes and clitellates. As a rule, molecular trees are closely aligned with morphology-based phylogenies. Acanthobdellida and Euhirudinea were reconciled in their traditional Hirudinea clade and were included in the Oligochaeta with the Branchiobdellida via the Lumbriculidae as a possible link between the two assemblages. While the 18S gene yielded a meaningful historical signal for determining relationships within clitellates, the exact position of Hirudinea and Branchiobdellida within oligochaetes remained unresolved. The lack of phylogenetic signal is interpreted as evidence for a rapid radiation of these taxa. The placement of Clitellata within the Polychaeta remained unresolved. The biological reality of polytomies within annelids is suggested and supports the hypothesis of an extremely ancient radiation of polychaetes and emergence of clitellates. 相似文献
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Göran Malmberg 《Systematic parasitology》1990,17(1):1-65
Data on the ontogeny of the posterior haptor of monogeneans were obtained from more than 150 publications and summarised. These data were plotted into diagrams showing evolutionary capacity levels based on the theory of a progressive evolution of marginal hooks, anchors and other attachment components of the posterior haptor in the Monogenea (Malmberg, 1986). 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hooks are assumed to be the most primitive monogenean haptoral condition. Thus the diagrams were founded on a 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hook evolutionary capacity level, and the evolutionary capacity levels of anchors and other haptoral attachement components were arranged according to haptoral ontogenetical sequences. In the final plotting diagram data on hosts, type of spermatozoa, oncomiracidial ciliation, sensilla pattern and protonephridial systems were also included. In this way a number of correlations were revealed. Thus, for example, the number of 5 + 5 marginal hooks correlates with the most primitive monogenean type of spermatozoon and with few sensillae, many ciliated cells and a simple protonephridial system in the oncomiracidium. On the basis of the reviewed data it is concluded that the ancient monogeneans with 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hooks were divided into two main lines, one retaining unhinged marginal hooks and the other evolving hinged marginal hooks. Both main lines have recent representatives at different marginal hook evolutionary capacity levels, i.e. monogeneans retaining a haptor with only marginal hooks. For the main line with hinged marginal hooks the name Articulon-choinea n. subclass is proposed. Members with 8 + 8 hinged marginal hooks only are here called Proanchorea n. superord. Monogeneans with unhinged marginal hooks only are here called Ananchorea n. superord. and three new families are erected for its recent members: Anonchohapteridae n. fam., Acolpentronidae n. fam. and Anacanthoridae n. fam. (with 7 + 7, 8 + 8 and 9 + 9 unhinged marginal hooks, respectively). Except for the families of Articulonchoinea (e.g. Acanthocotylidae, Gyrodactylidae, Tetraonchoididae) Bychowsky's (1957) division of the Monogenea into the Oligonchoinea and Polyonchoinea fits the proposed scheme, i.e. monogeneans with unhinged marginal hooks form one old group, the Oligonchoinea, which have 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hooks, and the other group form the Polyonchoinea, which (with the exception of the Hexabothriidae) has a greater number (7 + 7, 8 + 8 or 9 + 9) of unhinged marginal hooks. It is proposed that both these names, Oligonchoinea (sensu mihi) and Polyonchoinea (sensu mihi), will be retained on one side and Articulonchoinea placed on the other side, which reflects the early monogenean evolution. Except for the members of Ananchorea [Polyonchoinea], all members of the Oligonchoinea and Polyonchoinea have anchors, which imply that they are further evolved, i.e. have passed the 5 + 5 marginal hook evolutionary capacity level (Malmberg, 1986). There are two main types of anchors in the Monogenea: haptoral anchors, with anlages appearing in the haptor, and peduncular anchors, with anlages in the peduncle. There are two types of haptoral anchors: peripheral haptoral anchors, ontogenetically the oldest, and central haptoral anchors. Peduncular anchors, in turn, are ontogenetically younger than peripheral haptoral anchors. There may be two pairs of peduncular anchors: medial peduncular anchors, ontogentically the oldest, and lateral peduncular anchors. Only peduncular (not haptoral) anchors have anchor bars. Monogeneans with haptoral anchors are here called Mediohaptanchorea n. superord. and Laterohaptanchorea n. superord. or haptanchoreans. All oligonchoineans and the oldest polyonchoineans are haptanchoreans. Certain members of Calceostomatidae [Polyonchoinea] are the only monogeneans with both (peripheral) haptoral and peduncular anchors (one pair). These monogeneans are here called Mixanchorea n. superord. Polyonchoineans with peduncular anchors and unhinged marginal hooks are here called the Pedunculanchorea n. superord. The most primitive pedunculanchoreans have only one pair of peduncular anchors with an anchor bar, while the most advanced have both medial and lateral peduncular anchors; each pair having an anchor bar. Certain families of the Articulonchoinea, the Anchorea n. superord., also have peduncular anchors (parallel evolution): only one family, the Sundanonchidae n. fam., has both medial and lateral peduncular anchors, each anchor pair with an anchor bar. Evolutionary lines from different monogenean evolutionary capacity levels are discussed and a new system of classification for the Monogenea is proposed.In agreeing to publish this article, I recognise that its contents are controversial and contrary to generally accepted views on monogenean systematics and evolution. I have anticipated a reaction to the article by inviting senior workers in the field to comment upon it: their views will be reported in a future issue of this journal. EditorIn agreeing to publish this article, I recognise that its contents are controversial and contrary to generally accepted views on monogenean systematics and evolution. I have anticipated a reaction to the article by inviting senior workers in the field to comment upon it: their views will be reported in a future issue of this journal. Editor 相似文献