肝组织特异表达人核受体nr5a2转基因小鼠的构建

人乙肝病毒增强子ⅡB1结合因子（hB1F）系Ftz—F1（NR5A）亚家族的新成员。经基因重组法将人hb1 fcDNA置于小鼠白蛋白增慢子／启动子序列下游构建成肝特异重组载体,通过原核显微注射将该载体导入小鼠受精卵原核,经注射且状态良好的卯回输至假孕母鼠输卯管。产下仔鼠经PCR和Southern blotting鉴定,同时RT—PCR和Western blotting分析转基因的表达。阳性Founder鼠与正常C57鼠交配以建立转基因纯系小鼠,F1代以PCR法鉴定。结果共获得4只PCR鉴定转基因阳性Founder鼠,其中一只同时经Southern blotting鉴定为阳性。RT—PCR和Western blotting结果显示,外源基因在转基因小鼠的肝组织成功表达。遗传学分析表明,转基因已整合入小鼠基因组并可稳定溃传。     

Cramp转基因小鼠的构建及鉴定

目的建立系统性表达Cramp转基因模型小鼠,为研究Cramp在衰老中的作用提供模型动物。方法把Cramp cDNA插入系统性表达CMV启动子下游,构建转基因表达载体,显微注射法建立Cramp转基因小鼠。PCR鉴定转基因小鼠的基因型,用RT-PCR和Western blotting方法筛选高表达品系。结果成功构建Cramp cDNA转基因载体,建立了Cramp转基因小鼠,通过RT-PCR和Western blotting方法筛选出3个高表达品系。结论建立了系统表达Cramp转基因小鼠,转入的Cramp基因在骨髓、脾脏、肝脏等组织高表达,为研究Cramp基因在衰老中的作用及机制提供了动物模型。     

TIMP-1转基因小鼠纯合子的建立及建系

采用遗传学育种方法 ,使外源基因整合位点随机的基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂 1(TIMP 1)转基因小鼠成为单一整合位点的纯合子转基因小鼠而建立TIMP 1转基因小鼠品系 .通过受精卵原核显微注射方法 ,获得带有人TIMP 1基因的Founder小鼠 .将转基因小鼠与正常小鼠交配 ,得到子代小鼠 .通过PCR及Southern印迹等方法 ,检测TIMP 1DNA在转基因小鼠体内的整合情况 ,阳性率达5 0 %后 ,进行近亲交配 .提取小鼠组织总RNA ,Northern印迹分析阳性小鼠各组织外源性TIMP 1mRNA表达情况 ,以正常NIH小鼠做对照 .获得了 6代小鼠共 4 2 4只 ,其中PCR阳性鼠 2 72只 ,Southern阳性鼠 2 2 6只 ,纯合子转基因小鼠 12 8只 ;F4代后阳性率达到 95 %以上 .转基因小鼠TIMP 1基因表达情况在肾脏的丰度明显高于肝脏和脾脏 (P <0 0 1) ,而肝和脾之间并没有显著差异 (P>0 0 5 ) .外源基因在转基因小鼠体内可以稳定遗传 ,并得到了整合有TIMP 1基因的纯合子转基因小鼠 ,且在阳性的转基因小鼠体内在肾脏中特异性表达 ,为以后开展TIMP 1的肾脏病理生理研究提供了有用的手段     

IL34转基因小鼠的建立和表型分析

目的建立白介素34转基因小鼠,研究该基因在小鼠中表达对小鼠免疫系统的作用。方法把人的IL34基因插入CMV启动子下,构建转基因表达载体,通过显微注射法建立IL34转基因C57BL/6J小鼠。PCR鉴定IL34转基因小鼠的基因表型,Western blotting检测IL34蛋白的表达水平,组织化学染色观察IL34转基因小鼠重要器官的病理改变。结果建立了2个品系的IL34转基因小鼠。转入的人IL34基因在脾脏中的表达水平高于内源性IL34。组织学分析显示IL34转基因小鼠各重要器官如脑,心,肝,肾,肠等的形态结构均正常,但脾脏的生发中心比较活跃,白髓的范围比野生型小鼠大。结论成功建立了IL34转基因小鼠,IL34基因的过度表达对免疫系统作用需要进一步探讨。     

造血干细胞特异性表达Cre重组酶转基因小鼠的建立

EDAG是在胚胎发育阶段造血干细胞特异性表达的基因.为了在早期造血组织细胞中实现相关基因的条件敲除,构建了含有早期造血组织特异性表达的EDAG启动子和Cre重组酶基因的转基因EDAG-Cre表达载体质粒.通过显微注射的方法将线性化的5.6kb的EDAG-Cre转基因片段导入小鼠受精卵细胞核,获得的新生小鼠经过PCR鉴定,常规方法培育传代.结果发现,共获得了6只阳性转基因首建鼠,其中4只已经建系并稳定传代.RT-PCR分析表明Cre重组酶基因在阳性转基因小鼠的骨髓、脾脏、胸腺、外周血以及胎肝等组织中均有表达,重组酶活性也在脾和骨髓中获得确认.EDAG-Cre重组酶转基因小鼠的建立,为研究早期造血组织以及造血干细胞特异性基因条件敲除小鼠模型的建立奠定了基础.     

特异性检测胰腺组织表达Cre重组酶转基因小鼠的方法

利用组织特异性分子标志物启动子调控Cre重组酶,研制了6种在不同组织中特异性表达Cre重组酶的转基因小鼠.这些转基因小鼠的基因型鉴定均使用设计在Cre基因编码区的通用引物.为了特异性检测胰腺组织表达Cre重组酶的转基因小鼠,在大鼠胰岛素RIP启动子上和Cre基因上设计1对引物进行PCR扩增,并通过凝胶电泳进行分析.PCR结果显示,设计在Cre基因上的通用引物可以从6种不同组织特异性Cre重组酶转基因小鼠基因组DNA中扩增获得480 bp产物;利用本研究设计的特异性引物可以从胰腺组织表达Cre重组酶转基因小鼠基因组DNA中扩增200 bp的目的条带.这一结果表明,利用特异性引物进行PCR反应,可有效地将胰腺组织表达Cre重组酶转基因小鼠与其他多种组织的Cm重组酶转基因小鼠鉴别开来.     

人载脂蛋白C3基因转基因小鼠的建立及血脂变化分析

目的制备系统性表达人载脂蛋白C3（APOC3）基因的转基因小鼠,建立高血脂小鼠模型。方法将人APOC3基因插入系统性表达启动子下游,构建转基因表达载体,通过显微注射法建立人APOC3转基因C57BL/6J小鼠。并利用特异引物PCR法鉴定转基因小鼠的基因型,Western blot检测基因表达水平,血生化分析检测不同月龄转基因小鼠与同龄野生型小鼠的血脂指标,脂肪染色观察肝脏脂肪水平。结果建立了高表达人APOC3基因的转基因小鼠品系;转入的人APOC3基因在血液、肝脏、小肠、肌肉、心脏、肾脏、脾脏中均有明显表达;不同月龄转基因小鼠的血浆甘油三酯水平明显高于同龄野生型小鼠;转基因小鼠的肝脏脂肪含量高于野生型小鼠。结论系统性表达人APOC3基因的转基因小鼠表现高脂血症表型,可以作为高血脂以及高血脂相关的心血管病的工具动物。     

消化道细胞表达Cre重组酶转基因小鼠的功能鉴定

目的:检测白蛋白启动子介导的Cre重组酶转基因小鼠Alb-Cre-2中Cre重组酶的组织分布及其在体内介导基因重组的作用。方法:将Alb-Cre小鼠与Smad4条件基因打靶小鼠交配,利用PCR对Cre重组酶介导重组的组织特异性进行检测;然后,将Alb-Cre-2转基因小鼠与ROSA26报告小鼠交配,利用LacZ染色对双转基因阳性子代小鼠进行检测。结果:PCR结果显示心、肺、胰、脑及消化道中Cre重组酶介导的Smad4基因发生重组;LacZ染色进一步表明Cre重组酶在肝细胞、胃壁细胞、空肠潘氏细胞、回肠杯状细胞、大肠杯状细胞、大肠柱状细胞及空泡细胞中特异性表达,并介导ROSA位点LoxP序列间的重组。结论:Alb-Cre-2转基因小鼠在消化道中具有一定的组织特异性,只在胃壁细胞、空肠潘氏细胞、回肠杯状细胞、大肠杯状细胞,大肠柱状细胞及空泡细胞等细胞类型中特异性表达,并能在体内成功地介导这些消化道上皮细胞基因组上LoxP位点间的重组,是一种研制在消化道特定细胞中特异性基因剔除小鼠的良好工具小鼠。     

心脏特异性高表达hAPE1基因小鼠的构建与鉴定

本研究拟建立心脏特异性表达hAPE1转基因小鼠,为研究hAPE1基因功能及其突变与心脏发育和心血管疾病的关系提供工具动物。将人APE1(human APE1,hAPE1)基因插入到心脏特异性启动子α-肌球蛋白重链(α-MHC)下游,构建了心肌细胞特异性表达hAPE1的转基因表达载体,显微注射法导入C57BL/6J小鼠受精卵中,经胚胎移植获得转基因首建者小鼠,建立hAPE1转基因小鼠,PCR鉴定转基因小鼠基因型,Western blotting鉴定h APE1蛋白在心脏中的表达并筛选高表达的转基因品系。研究表明,将含有心肌细胞特异性α-MHC启动子和hAPE1基因的转基因载体进行显微注射于小鼠胚胎中,接着将胚胎移植入假孕母鼠的输卵管中发育,建立了心脏组织特异性高表达hAPE1转基因小鼠品系,获得子代小鼠40只。PCR检测发现有15只小鼠在其基因组上整合有hAPE1基因,Western blotting检测hAPE1在这些小鼠心脏中高度特异性表达。本研究成功获得了在小鼠心肌细胞中特异性表达hAPE1的转基因小鼠,为研究基因在心脏发育与相关疾病中的功能提供了有利的工具。     

Establishment of a human CEACAM1 transgenic mouse model for the study of gonococcal infections

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the causative microorganism for the sexually transmitted disease (STD) gonorrhea and humans are its only natural host. An animal model would be a useful tool for gonorrhea research, therefore we developed the hCEACAM1 transgenic mice, using an eukaryotic expression vector, pCDPCAM1-GI. This construct was microinjected into the zygotes of C57BL/6 mice and 22 F0 generation transgenic mice were obtained. Four (lines 50, 53, 54, and 59) of the F0 generation were found to carry the transgene by PCR and sequence analysis, respectively. Western blotting and Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting Analysis demonstrated that hCEACAM1 was expressed on the cell membrane of various tissues in the line 53 transgenic mouse. To initiate the disease in the animal model, the F2 or F3 transgenic mice were inoculated with N. gonorrhoeae intravaginally. Compared with normal mice, N. gonorrhoeae can successfully infect and cause inflammation in the transgenic mice. These data suggested the feasibility of using hCEACAM1 transgenic mice as an animal model for gonococcal infections.     

Genetic mapping of an insertional hydrocephalus-inducing mutation allelic to hy3

The transgenic mouse line OVE459 carries a transgene-induced insertional mutation resulting in autosomal recessive congenital hydrocephalus. Homozygous transgenic animals experience ventricular dilation with perinatal onset and are noticeably smaller than hemizygous or non-transgenic littermates within a few days after birth. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed that the transgene inserted in a single locus on mouse Chromosome (chr) 8, region D2-E1. Genetic crosses between hemizygous OVE459 mice and mice heterozygous for the spontaneous mutation hydrocephalus-3 (hy3) produced hydrocephalic offspring with a frequency of 22%, demonstrating that these two mutations are allelic. A genomic library was made by using DNA from homozygous OVE459 mice, and genomic DNA flanking the transgene insertion site was isolated and sequenced. A PCR polymorphism between C57BL/6 DNA and Mus spretus was used to map the location of the transgene insert to 1.06 cM ± 0.75 proximal to D8Mit152 by using the Jackson Laboratory Backcross DNA Panel Mapping Resource. Furthermore, sequence analysis from a mouse bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone, positive for unique markers on both sides of the transgene insertion site, demonstrated that the genomic DNAs flanking each side of the transgene insertion are physically separated by approximately 51 kb on the wild-type mouse chromosome.     

Generation of a mouse model for studying the role of upregulated RTEL1 activity in tumorigenesis

Regulator of telomere length 1 (RTEL1) is a DNA helicase protein that has been demonstrated to be required for the maintenance of telomere length and genomic stability. It has also been found to be essential for DNA homologous recombination during DNA repairing. Human RTEL1 genomic locus (20q13.3) is frequently amplified in multiple types of human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma and gastrointestinal tract tumors, indicating that upregulated RTEL1 activity could be important for tumorigenesis. In this study, we have developed a conditional transgenic mouse model that overexpress mouse Rtel1 in a Cre-excision manner. By crossing with a ubiquitous Cre mouse line, we further demonstrated that these established Rtel1 conditional transgenic mice allow to efficiently and highly express a functional Rtel1 that is able to rescue the embryonic defects of Rtel1 null mouse allele. Furthermore, we demonstrated that more than 70% transgenic mice that widely overexpress Rtel1 developed liver tumors that recapitulate many malignant features of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our work not only generated a valuable mouse model for determining the role of RTEL1 in the development of cancers, but also provided the first genetic evidence to support that amplification of RTEL1, as observed in several types of human cancers, is tumorigenic.     

精子介导转基因动物的制备

采用直接注射的方法,将脂质体包裹的含人乳铁蛋白基因的重组质粒pLNCXHLF注入兔睾丸组织和羊输精管中,一个月后分别与正常雌兔及正常的母羊交配。所产仔兔均为活体,经PCR和Southern检测,转基因仔兔阳性率平均为35%(11/31);羔羊经引物F1/R1系统PCR检测阳性率为33.3％（4/12）,F2/R2系统PCR检测阳性率为25%（3/12）。将流产羔羊组织解剖后提取舌、肺、肝脏、肌肉、皮肤、脑、生殖腺、脾脏、小肠、心脏、肾脏共11种组织的总DNA进行PCR检测,发现：F1/R1和F2/R2系统PCR检测出阳性信号存在于不同组织;F2/R2 PCR系统检测阳性信号较F1/R1 PCR系统少;而且各种组织的外源DNA存在的拷贝数不等,造成阳性信号的强弱程度不同。结果表明：1）脂质体包裹外源基因转染精子的方法,可将外源基因导入受精卵,并得到了较高的转基因阳性率;2）精子携带外源DNA的整合过程是随机的,在受精过程和胚胎早期分化过程中可能发生了片段丢失、不完全整合或游离于基因组存在而产生嵌合体。本文的研究结果证明了该方法是一种简捷有效的新途径,为进一步深入探讨精子介导转基因动物制备可行性奠定了基础,给精子载体法制备转基因哺乳动物研究提供了有价值的参考。 Abstract:The recombinant plasmids pLNCXHLF fused with human lactoferritin gene were directly injected into male rabbit's testis and male goat's spermaductus.The transfected males were fertilized with females one month later.Using F1/R1 PCR system and southern blotting,the transgenic positive rate of rabbit offsprings genomic DNA was 35%(11/31).From the PCR results of F1/R1 and F2/R2 system,the transgenic positive rate of genomic DNA of goat offsprings were 33.3% (4/12)and 25%(3/12) respectively.We prepared genomic DNA from 11 kinds of tissues of goat offsprings,which were tongue,lung,liver,muscle,skin,brain,gonad,spleen,intestines,heart,and kidney.The result of F1/R1 PCR system indicated that the abilities to uptake exogenous DNA were various in different tissues;the positive signals of F2/R2 PCR system were feebler than the ones of F1/R1 PCR system,and the density of positive signals attributed to the amount of copies of exogenous DNA in the tissues.In this experiment,spermatozoa-mediated gene transfer can produce the transgenic animals after exogenous DNA being entrapped by liposome.But during the course of fertilization and the early process of embryo proliferation,the exogenous DNA had lost segments,partly integrated,or existed outside of genomic DNA.So the rate of chimera was relatively high.According to this result,this method is not only a simple and effective way to produce transgenic animals but also make references to other researchers to prepare transgenic mammals by this means.     

Generation of an <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rtel1</Emphasis>-<Emphasis Type="Italic">CreERT2</Emphasis> knock-in mouse model for lineage tracing RTEL1+ stem cells during development

Regulator of telomere length 1 (RTEL1) DNA helicase has been demonstrated to be essential for the maintenance of telomeres and genomic stability. This function of RTEL1 could be required for protecting stem cells from genomic mutations as suggested by its selective expression in stem cell-zones, as well as by RTEL1 mutations identified in Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome, a severe dyskeratosis congenita that targets primarily stem cell compartments. As a first step to establish a role of RTEL1 in stem cells, we generated an Rtel1^CreERT2 mouse allele in which a tamoxifen-inducible Cre (CreERT2) cDNA was specifically knocked into the Rtel1 genomic locus and controlled by the endogenous Rtel1 regulatory elements. By crossing with a Cre-dependent LacZ reporter mouse strain (R26R^LacZ), we further demonstrated that Cre activity in Rtel1^CreERT2 mice could be specifically induced by tamoxifen, which allowed the fate of RTEL1+ cells to be traced at various stages of development. Using this tracing assay, we showed for the first time that RTEL1+ cells in the intestine and the testis can act as stem cells that have the capacity to self-renew and differentiate into progeny cells. Therefore, the Rtel1^CreERT2 mice generated in this study will be a valuable transgenic tool to explore the function of RTEL1 in stem cells.     

人β_2m转基因小鼠的制备及鉴定(英文)

 制备人 β2m转基因小鼠 ,研究HLA B2 70 4基因的表达 .应用显微注射将人 β2m基因注入C5 7BL 6×昆明鼠和昆明鼠×昆明鼠F1代受精卵 .出生动物及其后代经PCR筛选 ,采用斑点杂交和Southern杂交对阳性鼠基因组DNA标本进行进一步鉴定和测定整合拷贝数 ,利用RT PCR检测阳性鼠中人 β2m转基因的表达 .6只原代仔鼠及 7只它们的下一代鼠 (F1)带有人 β2m基因 .由微注射基因后移卵出生的 86只小鼠中 ,C5 7BL 6×昆明鼠杂交仔鼠 35只 ,其中 4只阳性 (11 4 % ) ,昆明鼠×昆明鼠杂交仔鼠 5 1只 ,其中 2只阳性 (3 9% ) ,含有人 β2m基因的原代鼠×昆明鼠杂交仔鼠 2 0只 ,其中 7只阳性 .整合的转基因均为单拷贝 .Southern杂交证实上述阳性鼠确有转基因整合 .阳性鼠的皮肤、结肠、睾丸和脾脏组织中均有人β2m转基因mRNA的表达 .在转基因动物制备中 ,C5 7BL 6×昆明鼠F1代明显优于昆明鼠×昆明鼠F1代 .与人HLA B2 70 4基因相比 ,人 β2m基因不易整合 ,其整合率与整合拷贝数均较低 .得到的人 β2m转基因小鼠能够将人 β2m基困传给下一代 ,并可与人HLA B2 70 4转基因鼠交配 ,研究它的致病性