Biocontrol potential of Trichoderma species against mango malformation pathogens

Malformation disease of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) caused by Fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans is one of the most destructive diseases, which is a major production constraint in the mango-growing regions of India. In this study, The bioagents Trichoderma viride (Tr1), Trichoderma virens (Tr2) and Trichoderma harzianum (Tr3) were evaluated in culture with the pathogens to monitor the antagonistic effect and their volatile compound and culture filtrates (non-volatile compound). It was found that all the three isolates of bioagents significantly checked the growth of F. moniliforme var. subglutinans. In dual culture, the best result was obtained with T. harzianum followed by T. virens and T. viride. A similar result was also observed in the case of culture filtrates ofTrichoderma spp. The results clearly showed that inhibition of the growth of the fusaria isolates by T. harzianum was significantly superior to T. viride andT.virens. In case of antifungal activity of volatile compounds released by Trichoderma isolates, it was also observed that T. virens was more superior to T.harzianum and T. viride.     

Induction of conidiation by endogenous volatile compounds in Trichoderma spp

Light and starvation are two principal environmental stimuli inducing conidiation in the soil micromycete Trichoderma spp. We observed that volatiles produced by conidiating colonies of Trichoderma spp. elicited conidiation in colonies that had not been induced previously by exposure to light. The inducing effect of volatiles was both intra- and interspecific. Chemical profiles of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by the nonconidiated colonies grown in the dark and by the conidiating colonies were compared using solid-phase microextraction of headspace samples followed by tandem GC-MS. The conidiation was accompanied by increased production of eight-carbon compounds 1-octen-3-ol and its analogs 3-octanol and 3-octanone. When vapors of these compounds were applied individually to dark-grown colonies, they elicited their conidiation already at submicromolar concentrations. It is concluded that the eight-carbon VOCs act as signaling molecules regulating development and mediating intercolony communication in Trichoderma.     

Antagonistic effect of two isolates of Trichoderma harzianum against postharvest pathogens of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Pathogenicity test of all fungi (14 different isolates) isolated from both infected tomato fruits and the surface wash of other healthy fruits had different pathogenicity rates. The genus Rhizopus sp. was the most pathogenic one followed by Fusarium sp. Trichoderma harzianum isolates (T3 and T4) had a different pattern of antagonism against the tested pathogens. In dual plate test of the antagonistic action of T3 and T24 against the postharvest pathogens, clear zone size ranged between 1 and 4 and 3 and 6 mm by T3 and T24, respectively. The antagonists (T3 and T24) didn't show inhibition zone against Rhizopus sp., but they could overgrow it by 100% after 9 days of incubation. Mostly, all the other postharvest isolates showed high degree of overgrowth by T3 than T24. The two antagonists failed to overgrow Aspergillus species except for A. niger (3) which was overgrown by T3. Volatile and non-volatile metabolite tests indicated that mycelial growth of Penicillium stekii was significantly inhibited by T3 and T24 more than the other tested pathogens. The inhibition of A. niger (1) was 12% by non-volatile metabolites of T24 produced after 1 day incubation, and reached to 97% inhibition by the metabolites of 3 days. Interestingly, inhibition of Aspergillus sp. by volatile compounds of T3 and T24 was 2% and 20%, respectively, whereas the inhibition of the same pathogen by non-volatile compounds reached 75% and 87%, respectively. The results of slice assay clearly indicate that T. harzianum (T3 and T24) could provide a complete protection to tomato slices from the infection of the tested pathogens. After 3 days of incubation, Trichoderma suppressed the linear growth of these pathogens on tomato slices and the percentage of suppression was significant and ranged between 80 and 100%, except with Rhizopus sp. the suppression reached 33% only.     

棘孢木霉挥发性次级代谢产物检测及抑菌活性分析

木霉是一类具有重要生防价值的丝状真菌。文中首先对分离自浙江省绍兴市和广东省佛山市共12株棘孢木霉Trichoderma asperellum进行平板拮抗评价,然后采用顶空固相微萃取气质联用法(HS-SPME-GC-MS)检测拮抗性较好的两株菌的挥发性次级代谢产物。结果表明,棘孢木霉ZJSX5003和GDFS1009菌丝生长迅速,对尖孢镰孢菌Fusariumoxysporum抑制率分别达73%和74%。挥发性次级代谢产物主要是醇类和酮类,其中包含异丁醇、异戊醇、3-甲基-3-丁烯-1-醇、3-羟基-2-丁酮、2,3-丁二醇和6-正戊基-2H-吡喃-2-酮(6-PAP)。进一步通过体外抑菌试验,证实6-PAP具有较好的抑制尖孢镰孢菌的效果,为开发以木霉菌代谢产物如6-PAP为主要成分的生防制剂提供指导。     

Antagonistic activity and hyphal interactions of Trichoderma spp. against Fusarium proliferatum and F. oxysporum in vitro

Trichoderma is a well-known antagonist against soilborne plant pathogens. However, the species and even various isolates have different biocontrol potential. To evaluate the antagonistic activities of Trichoderma harzianum, T. harzianum strain T100 (T100), T. viride and T. haematum against Fusarium oxysporum and F. proliferatum, we used dual culture and productions of volatile and non-volatile metabolites in three different phases in vitro. An analysis of the data in dual culture tests represented T. viride, T. haematum and T100 as effective antagonists of Fusarium while T100 was the only fungus being able to lyse the confronting mycelia. Similar results were obtained in the volatile metabolites tests also. In contrast with the two previous tests, the non-volatile metabolites produced by T. harzianum inhibited Fusarium mycelial growth the most, and T100 acted moderately. It was also clearly showed that the antagonistic effect of Trichoderma spp. was more on F. proliferatum than on F. oxysporum. Finally, because Trichoderma spp. was most effective in the second phase, we recommend to use T100 against F. proliferatum at the initial stages of infection as its mycoparasitism on F. oxysporum was observed microscopically through forming apressoria structures without any coiling around the pathogen.     

贵州地区木霉菌分离鉴定及对辣椒疫霉的拮抗作用

【背景】辣椒疫霉是一种毁灭性的土传病害,当前主要使用化学合成杀菌剂防治,但容易导致环境污染和食品安全等问题。【目的】筛选可拮抗辣椒疫霉的候选菌株,探究分离菌株拮抗辣椒疫霉的生理生化作用机制。【方法】综合应用形态学、核糖体RNA (rRNA)基因非转录区ITS序列相似性方法鉴定分离菌株,通过对峙实验筛选抑菌效果较高的拮抗菌株,基于比色法测定分离菌株发酵液粗提物对辣椒疫霉菌丝脂质过氧化、纤维素酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶(β-GC)和多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)活性的影响。【结果】从腐木和土壤样品中分离得到11株木霉,分属于绿色木霉(Trichodermavirens)、哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)、钩状木霉(Trichoderma hamatum)和棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum) 4个种。11株木霉对辣椒疫霉均有一定的抑制作用,抑制率达到90%以上的菌株包括:绿色木霉Tv-1(92.68%)、Tv-2 (95.12%),哈茨木霉Thz-2 (92.68%),钩状木霉Tha-1 (90.24%)。以4株高效木霉的发酵液粗提物处理辣椒疫霉菌丝5 d后,因脂质过氧化产生的丙二醛含量显著增加,分别达到1.20、1.48、2.69和3.16 nmol/g,显著高于对照处理的0.77 nmol/g;与对照组相比,β-GC、PG酶活性显著下降,分别降低了12.28%-64.91%、7.2%-15.5%;同时纤维素酶活性呈上升趋势,最显著组为2.647 U/mL,相对于对照组增加了0.831U/mL。【结论】分离得到4株明显抑制辣椒疫霉菌生长的高效木霉菌,主要通过破坏细胞壁结构、降低致病因子酶活力和增强脂质过氧化等方式起拮抗作用,可为辣椒疫病的生物防治提供理论依据和技术支持。     

The role of volatile and non-volatile antibiotics produced by Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain PA23 in its root colonization and control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain PA23 has demonstrated excellent biocontrol in the canola phyllosphere. This bacterium produces the non-volatile antibiotics phenazine and pyrrolnitrin as well as the volatile antibiotics nonanal, benzothiazole and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol. In vitro experiments were conducted to study the effects of different mutations on the production of these three organic volatile antibiotics by PA23. In planta experiments in the greenhouse investigated the role of the non-volatile antibiotics on root colonization and biocontrol ability of PA23 against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on sunflower. Analysis of phenazine- and pyrrolnitrin-deficient Tn mutants of PA23 revealed no differences in production of the three volatile antibiotics. On all sampling dates, PA23 applied alone or in combination with the mutants showed significantly higher (P = 0.05) root bacterial number and Sclerotinia wilt suppression (P = 0.05). Decline of the bacterial population seemed to be inversely proportional to/or negatively correlated with the number of antibiotics produced by PA23 but the relative importance of phenazine or pyrrolnitrin on root colonization and/or wilt suppression was not clear. In several cases, the strains producing at least one antibiotic maintained relatively higher bacterial numbers than non-producing strains. However, by 6 weeks after sowing, there was a rapid and significant (P = 0.05) increase in the proportion of introduced bacteria capable of producing at least one antibiotic over the total bacterial population. Furthermore, combining certain mutants with PA23 reduced the root colonization and biocontrol ability of PA23. Strain PA23-314 (gacS mutant) showed competitive colonization in comparison to the other mutants for most sampling dates.     

Significance of lytic enzymes from Trichoderma spp. in the biocontrol of fungal plant pathogens

The use of specific mycolytic soil microorganisms to control plant pathogens is an ecological approach to overcome the problems caused by standard chemical methods of plant protection. The ability to produce lytic enzymes is a widely distributed property of rhizosphere-competent fungi and bacteria. Due to the higher activity of Trichoderma spp. lytic enzymes as compared to the same class of enzymes from other microorganisms and plants, effort is being aimed at improving biocontrol agents and plants by introducing Trichoderma genes via genetic manipulations. An overview is presented of the data currently available on lytic enzymes from the mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Biocontrol efficacy of Trichoderma spp. against sesame wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the most important oilseed crops in Egypt and worldwide. It is being infected with many pathogens, among these pathogens Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. sesami (Zap.) Cast is causing severe economic losses on sesame. In this study, antagonistic capability of 24 isolates of Trichoderma spp. was assessed in vitro against F. oxysporum f.sp. sesami. Two strains; T. harzianum (T9) and T. viride (T21) were revealed to have high antagonistic effect against F. oxysporum f.sp. sesami in vitro with inhibition percentage about 70 and 67%, respectively. These two isolates proved to have high ability to control Fusarium wilt disease under greenhouse conditions. The highest reduction in disease severity was achieved with T. viride followed by T. harzianum with reduction in disease severity about 77 and 74%, respectively. This study revealed that the time of application of bioagents is a decisive factor in determining the efficacy of Trichoderma isolates to control Fusarium wilt of sesame. It was revealed that the highest reduction in the disease severity was achieved when either Trichoderma viride or T. harzianum were applied 7 days before challenging with the F. oxysporum f.sp. sesami.     

Antagonistic potential of Trichoderma longibrachiatum and T. hamatum resident on maize (Zea mays) plant against Fusarium verticillioides (Nirenberg) isolated from rotting maize stem

Antagonistic potential of Trichoderma longibrachiatum and T. hamatum against the pathogen Fusarium verticillioides was examined in the laboratory. This was done by pairing each Trichoderma species with the pathogen on 9 cm Petri plates of acidified potato dextrose agar (APDA). Three pairing methods were employed and gradings were assigned to different radial growth suppression of F. verticillioides by each Trichoderma species. Analysis was done using the GLM procedure of the SAS package. Both Trichoderma species significantly inhibited radial growth of F. verticillioides (P = 0.01, R ² = 0.99) irrespective of pairing method. ‘Inoculating antagonist before pathogen’ supported the best growth inhibition of F. verticillioides by both Trichoderma species. Both Trichoderma species differed significantly (P > 0.0029) in inhibiting radial growth of F. verticillioides. Growth inhibition differed significantly within (P > 0.0059) and among (P > 0.0001) pairing methods. T. longibrachiatum was significantly better than T. hamatum in inhibiting radial growth of F. verticillioides, even at P = 0.01. T. hamatum and T. longibrachiatum could thus be said to show promising antagonistic potential against F. verticillioides with the latter showing better prospects.     

Antagonistic actions of Pythium oligandrum and Trichoderma harzianum against phytopathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum and Pythium ultimum var. ultimum)

Abstract

The possible biological control of damping-off fungi, Fusarium oxysporum and Pythium ultimum by Pythium oligandrum or Trichoderma harzianum was in vitro investigated. Results of comparing the antagonistic activity of P. oligandrum and T. harzianum in dual plates against the tested phytopathogens indicated different degrees of antagonism. After 12 days of incubation colony of the phytopathogenic fungus was completely overgrown by the antagonist, except for the interaction between T. harzianum and F. oxysporum which showed no overgrowth or any hyphal penetration by the antagonist. However, growth and proliferation of F. oxysporum colony was repressed. T. harzianum and P. oligandrum produced chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase when they were grown on liquid culture medium supplemented with chitin or fungal dried mycelium as a sole carbon source, and enzyme production was higher by T. harzianum comparing with P. oligandrum under the same condition. Fungal dried mycelium of F. oxysporum was the most selective carbon source for enzyme production, on the other hand, chitinase production was significant locked when P. ultimum dried mycelium was used as a carbon source. Production of volatile compounds by P. oligandrum or T. harzianum against F. oxysporum and P. ultimum was examined using the inverted plates method. F. oxysporum was inhibited by the antagonist volatile compounds and it is inhibited 100% by increasing the amount of inoculum size. Production of potential biocontrol agents provided with economically features and working under field conditions are recommended.     

Selection and identification of anaerobic lactobacilli producing inhibitory compounds against vaginal pathogens

Two strains of Lactobacillus crispatus (15L08 and 21L07) and one strain of Lactobacillus jensenii (5L08) were selected from amongst 100 isolates from the vaginas of healthy premenopausal women for properties relevant to mucosal colonization and the production of H2O2 and/or bacteriocin-like compound. All three strains self-aggregated and adhered to vaginal epithelial cells, displacing well-known vaginal pathogens, such as Gardnerella vaginalis and Candida albicans. Lactobacillus crispatus 15L08 was characterized as a potential H2O2 producer. A high level of bacteriocin-like compound was synthesized by L. jensenii 5L08, with a bactericidal mode of action for G. vaginalis, C. albicans and Escherichia coli. However, H2O2-dependent activity alone was not sufficient to inhibit the growth of C. albicans. Simultaneous actions of H2O2 and bacteriocin-like compound produced by lactobacilli may be important for antagonizing pathogenic bacteria. These strains of lactobacilli may be excellent candidates for eventual use as probiotics to restore the normal microbial communities in the vaginal ecosystem.     

Biocontrol of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection of cabbage by Coniothyrium minitans and Trichoderma spp.

Nine fungal isolates [Clonostachys rosea (1), Coniothyrium minitans (1), Trichoderma crassum (1), T. hamatum (4), T. rossicum (1) and T. virens (1)] were tested in two bioassays for their ability to degrade sclerotia and reduce apothecial production and carpogenic infection of cabbage seedlings. C. minitans LU112 reduced apothecial production in both bioassays, with T. virens LU556 significantly reducing apothecial production in the sclerotial parasitism assay. Both isolates also reduced sclerotial viability in this assay to 5% for C. minitans and 22% for T. virens. C. minitans LU112 and T. virens LU556 reduced the infection of cabbage seedlings in the pot bioassay 126 days after sowing but not after 147 days, partly due to ascospore cross-infection between treatments. C. minitans LU112, T. virens LU556 and T. hamatum LU593 as maizemeal-perlite (MP) soil incorporation and transplant potting mix incorporation were evaluated for their ability to control Sclerotinia sclerotiorum disease of cabbage in field experiments. S. sclerotiorum infection of cabbage was reduced by 46–52% and 31–57% by both C. minitans LU112 and T. hamatum LU593 as MP soil incorporations, respectively, in the two field experiments. T. virens LU556 MP soil incorporation and C. minitans LU112 and T. hamatum LU593 transplant potting mix incorporations reduced S. sclerotiorum disease in the first experiment but not in the second experiment. A commercial C. minitans LU112 formulation, C. Mins LU112 WG, also significantly reduced S. sclerotiorum disease by 59%. Soil incorporation of C. minitans and T. hamatum was shown to have potential to control S. sclerotiorum disease in cabbage.     

Trichoderma harzianum antagonistic activity and competition for seed colonization against seedborne pathogenic fungi of sunflower

This study investigated the antagonistic effects of Trichoderma harzianum isolate (TRIC8) on mycelial growth, hyphal alteration, conidial germination, germ tube length and seed colonization by the seedborne fungal pathogens Alternaria alternata, Bipolaris cynodontis, Fusarium culmorum and F. oxysporum, the causes of seedling rot in over 30% of sunflowers. The antagonistic effect of TRIC8 on mycelial growth of pathogens was evaluated on dual culture that included two inoculation assays: inoculation of antagonist at 48 h before pathogen (deferred inoculation) and inoculation at the same time with pathogen (simultaneous inoculation). TRIC8 inhibited mycelial growth of the fungal pathogens between 70·67 and 76·87% with the strongest inhibition seen with deferred inoculation. Alterations in hyphae were observed in all pathogens. Conidial germination of F. culmorum was inhibited by most of the fungal pathogens (38·28%) by TRIC8. Inhibition of germ tube length by the antagonist varied from 31·83 to 37·67%. In seed colonization experiments, TRIC8 was applied in combination with each pathogen to seeds of a sunflower genotype that is highly tolerant to downy mildew. Seed death was inhibited by TRIC8 and the antagonist did not allow growth of A. alternata, B. cynodontis and F. culmorum on seeds and inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum at the rate of 58·32%.     

木霉对草酸耐受和消除作用的初步分析

【目的】草酸(Oxalic acid,OA)是灰霉菌(Botrytis cinerea)等植物致病菌的致病因子,一些木霉(Trichoderma spp.)生防菌可消除草酸并降低植物发病率,但其消除草酸防治病害的途径和机制尚未研究透彻。【方法】首先从42株木霉菌株中筛选出一株在30 mmol/L草酸胁迫下耐受性最强的哈茨木霉T.harzianum LTR-2,通过形态学方法观察和原位分析了不同浓度草酸胁迫下LTR-2的发育特征变化,并测定了草酸消除水平、滤液p H和菌丝干重,分析了LTR-2在草酸为唯一碳源的生长情况。通过Real-time PCR分析了OXDC基因LTR_4445在草酸处理下的表达水平。【结果】在PDA固体培养基中,25°C半光照条件下培养5 d,在草酸浓度为50-80 mmol/L时,LTR-2可存活,但无正常菌落形态;在30-50 mmol/L浓度下,LTR-2先萌发厚垣孢子,而后再次萌发菌丝形成菌落;在30 mmol/L浓度下,LTR-2发育正常,仅生长速度减缓。25°C、160 r/min振荡培养5 d,LTR-2可消除草酸。在20 mmol/L浓度时,草酸消除率最高,为66.50%;10 mmol/L浓度中的消除率次之,为55.06%。草酸浓度50 mmol/L时,消除能力下降为6.75%-38.94%。相应地,培养液p H被不同程度地提高,在10、20 mmol/L草酸浓度下提高的幅度更大。当草酸浓度20 mmol/L时,木霉的菌丝干重有不同程度的提高。将草酸作为唯一碳源进行液体培养5 d时,在10、20 mmol/L浓度下,LTR-2可形成肉眼可见的绿色菌丝球,但高于50 mmol/L条件下无法生长。草酸处理下,LTR_4445表达水平上调。【结论】通过分析LTR-2在草酸胁迫条件下的形态特征变化及消除草酸的特性,暗示在木霉消除草酸作用中除了已知的草酸降解代谢途径,还存在响应草酸胁迫模式的转变、将草酸作为前体转化为营养物质的途径等其他消除途径。     

木霉属真菌分离培养的研究进展

木霉属真菌（Trichoderma spp.）种类众多、分布广泛,在农业、工业和环境修复领域应用广泛。因此,木霉属真菌的分离培养具有重要的研究价值。本文通过详尽的文献查找和分析对木霉属真菌的分离培养研究进展予以综述,从生存环境、不同分离基质和分离方法的样品前处理方法等总结了木霉属真菌的分离基质及预处理方法;详细回顾了木霉属真菌分离培养基研究的发展历程和主要原理;简要介绍了目前木霉属真菌的纯化与保存方法;并从开展多种抗菌物质和表面活性剂探索角度对未来木霉属真菌分离培养进行了展望,以期为木霉属真菌资源开发提供参考。     

Antagonistic activity of probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria against entero- and uropathogens

AIM: To develop in vitro assays for comparing the antagonistic properties and anti-oxidative activity of probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains against various entero- and urinary pathogens. METHODS AND RESULTS: The antagonistic activity of five probiotic lactobacilli (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus fermentum ME-3, Lactobacillus acidophilus La5, Lactobacillus plantarum 299v and Lactobacillus paracasei 8700:2) and two bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12, Bifidobacterium longum 46) against six target pathogens was estimated using different assays (solid and liquid media, anaerobic and microaerobic cultivation) and ranked (low, intermediate and high). Bacterial fermentation products were determined by gas chromatography, and the total anti-oxidative activity of probiotics was measured using linolenic acid test. Pyelonephritic Escherichia coli was highly suppressed by GG and both bifidobacteria strains. Lactobacilli strains 8700:2, 299v and ME-3 were the most effective against Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica in microaerobic while ME-3 and both bifidobacteria expressed high activity against Shigella sonnei in anaerobic milieu. Lact. paracasei, Lact. rhamnosus and Lact. plantarum strains showed intermediate antagonistic activity against Helicobacter pylori under microaerobic conditions on solid media. The highest anti-oxidative activity was characteristic for Lact. fermentum ME-3 (P < 0.05). No efficient antagonist against Clostridium difficile was found. The positive correlations between the pH, lactic acid production and anti-microbial activity for all tested probiotics were assessed. CONCLUSIONS: Developed experimental assays enable to compare the anti-microbial and -oxidative activity of Lactobacillus and/or Bifidobacterium probiotics, which have been claimed to possess the ability of suppressing the growth of various enteric and urinary pathogens. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Screening Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium sp. strains according to their activity in various environmental conditions could precede the clinical efficacy studies for adjunct treatment with probiotics in cure of different gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections.     

Antifungal activity of volatile compounds generated by essential oils against fungi commonly causing deterioration of bakery products

AIMS: To investigate the volatile fractions of 16 essential oils for activity against the more common fungi causing spoilage of bakery products, Eurotium amstelodami, E. herbariorum, E. repens, E. rubrum, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger and Penicillium corylophilum. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study applied 50 microl of pure essential oils in a sterilized filter paper, were carried out at pH 6 and at different water activity levels (0.80-0.90). First, a wheat flour based agar medium was used, where cinnamon leaf, clove, bay, lemongrass and thyme essential oils where found to totally inhibit all microorganisms tested. These five essential oils were then tested in sponge cake analogues, but the antifungal activity detected was much more limited. CONCLUSION: Five essential oils showed potential antifungal capacity against all species tested, over a wide range of water availability. Their activity, however, seems to be substrate-dependent. More research is needed to make them work in real bakery products, as in the preliminary study limited effectiveness was found. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The potential of the cinnamon leaf, clove, bay, lemongrass and thyme essential oils against species belonging to Eurotium, Aspergillus and Penicillium genus has been demonstrated.     

白色麝香霉挥发性有机化合物的抗菌活性和组成分析

采用核糖体RNA转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal RNA,ITS r RNA)、RNA聚合酶II(RNA polymerase II,rpb2)和β-维管蛋白(beta-tubulin,tub1)基因系统发育分析法,鉴定了一株分离自浙江庆元的麝香霉ZJQY709,鉴定结果表明该菌为白色麝香霉Muscodor albus。生长速率法测定结果显示该菌株最适生长温度为22–28℃。二分格培养皿对峙培养法测定该菌挥发性有机化合物的抑菌活性,结果表明其挥发性有机化合物对灰葡萄孢菌和立枯丝核菌的生长抑制作用较强,而对尖孢镰刀菌和终极腐霉的抑制作用较弱。固相微萃取/气质联用法分析该菌产生的挥发性有机化合物,结果显示其挥发性有机化合物成分复杂,主要气体成分为2-甲基丙酸、乙酸-2-甲基丙酯和1-丁醇-2-甲基乙酸。