RFP134对UMR106细胞膜脂流动性的影响

癌细胞具有与正常细胞不同的膜脂流动性,导致细胞对生长因子和癌基因产物反应敏感,引起细胞增殖失控。本实验室从植物中发现一种二萜类活性物质－RFP134,在细胞周期和信号传递等多方面表现出有抑制癌细胞增殖,促进细胞分化的作用。本文以大鼠成骨肉瘤细胞（UMR106）和下鼠成骨细胞为模型,研究其对癌细胞膜脂流动性的影响。细胞系UMR106由美国麻省总医院内分泌室赠送。成骨细胞由本实验室分离培养。以不同浓度（20、40、60、80、100μM／L）的RFP134,在同一时间处理细胞,或以最适浓度（50μM／L）在不同时间作用于细胞。DH为荧光标记物,测得的荧光偏值和微粘度值为膜膜流动性指标。结果显示,无论在恒定的时间、以不同浓度的RFP134作用于UMR106细胞(Fig.1B）,或以恒定的浓度、在不同时间处理UMR106细胞（Fig.1D）,结果均表现为显著降低膜脂流动性。前者,RFP134作用于细胞时,细胞荧光偏振瑟微粘度值逐步升高,其变化呈量效关系;而后者,呈时效关系。但在最适浓度与最佳作用时间,荧光偏振值和微粘度值达饱和状态。在同样条件下,RFP134对正常成骨细胞的膜脂流动性影响小。即：荧光偏振值和微粘度值均在正常范围内保持恒定（Fig.1A;Fig.1C）RFP134降低癌细胞的膜脂流动性,从而改善了它的细胞膜功能,降低了它对生长因子的反应性,恢复了细胞对调节因子的正常反应。这可能是RFP134能够抑制癌细胞增殖,促进细胞分化的机制之一。     

吐温80合并温热(39°-43℃)对BGC-823人胃癌细胞膜流动性及EPM的影响

BGC-823人胃癌细胞经叶温80合并温热(39℃—43℃)处理后,用DPH作荧光分子探针观察细胞膜流动性的变化,并通过测定细胞电泳率(EPM)观察细胞膜表面电荷的改变,正常人红细胞及包皮成纤维细胞作为正常细胞对照。实验结果表明:常温下肿瘤细胞膜流动性及EPM明显高于正常细胞,吐温80和温热对肿瘤细胞及正常细胞均有促进膜流动性及降低细胞电泳率作用。吐温80合并温热时这种作用显著增加,合并作用41℃60分左右的效应已达到温热43℃100分作用水平,有明显时间效应。冷却后各组有不同程度恢复,但合并作用41℃100分以上各组恢复较慢。正常细胞对温热和吐温80作用的反应明显低于肿瘤细胞。     

用荧光偏振法研究人胚肺二倍体成纤维细胞膜脂流动性

细胞膜的正常功能有赖于膜结构的完整和膜脂的恒定流动,细胞膜脂流动性是细胞膜的主要动力学特性。许多资料说明,膜的这种特性与细胞发育、分化增殖、免疫反应和信息传递等生物学基本功能密切相关。可以用差示扫描量热法(DSC)、X射线衍射、电子自旋共振(ESR)、核磁共振(NMR)及荧光偏振法等从不同角度对膜流动性进行研究。其中荧光偏振法比较简便,理论解释比较容易,荧光偏振度参数     

伴刀豆球蛋白A与巨噬细胞膜受体结合引起膜蛋白和膜脂分子运动及电荷的变化

本文利用荧光漂白恢复,顺磁共振和细胞电泳等技术研究外源性配体伴刀豆球蛋白A与巨噬细胞膜受体结合后膜蛋白及膜脂分子运动以及细胞表面电荷变化,结果表明,细胞膜表面蛋白分子侧向扩散速度减慢;膜脂分子流动性减慢,烃链有序性增强;细胞电泳速度加快。此等对阐明伴刀豆球蛋白A作为外源信息导致细胞膜分子动力学变化以及电荷改变有重要的生物学意义。     

人牛精浆相关蛋白的亚细胞定位及生物活性

利用红色荧光蛋白表达载体pDsRed1-N1与人睾丸中牛精浆相关蛋白基因(hbrp)重组为pDsRed1-N1/hbrp,真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-myc-his与hbrp重组为pcDNA3.1-myc-his/hbrp,分别转染HEK293细胞,建立稳定的真核表达细胞系。在荧光显微镜下观察HBRP的亚细胞定位,并用放射自显影检测该细胞系的蛋白激酶C(PKC)活性。HBRP定位在细胞膜及胞浆近膜处;HBRP对PKC活性有明显的抑制作用。从而确定了人新的精子结合蛋白HBRP在细胞内的定位,并认定了HBRP为有生物活性的功能蛋白。     

老化红细胞肌醇磷脂代谢的探讨

本文用密度梯度离心法,将红细胞分成年轻及老化两部分,分别测定了膜磷脂、甘油二酯及磷酸肌醇的含量,蛋白激酶C在膜内及胞浆内的分布及其对膜蛋白的磷酸化。实验结果表明老化及年轻红细胞磷脂含量,除磷脂酰胆碱明显降低外,其他均无差异。老化红细胞甘油二酯含量低于(P<0.01)年轻者,而磷酸肌醇两者含量相似。老化红细胞膜内蛋白激酶C活性远比年轻者高,而在胞浆内活性则相反。说明老化红细胞膜蛋白激酶C活性增高,可使红细胞膜蛋白4.1、4.2、4.5和4.9进行磷酸化,这些膜蛋白与维持红细胞形态及功能有关,可能它们的磷酸化是老化红细胞变形性降低,脆性增加的因素之一。     

ABC法在膜受体流动性测量中的应用

本文首次把ABC法应用于受体流动性测量中的膜表面受体荧光标记,利用FRAP(Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching)技术实现了细胞内吞过程中膜受体流动性变化的测量.实验用Con A—Biotin和Avidin—FITC(ABC法)标记巨噬细胞ConA受体,测量ConA刺激不同时间细胞膜表面受体的荧光强度、扩散系数和荧光恢复率的变化.结果显示ABC标记法适合于测量细胞内吞过程中膜表面受体的流动性变化,且具有较高的灵敏度高;巨噬细胞受ConA刺激后,膜表面ConA受体的扩散系数和荧光恢复率较静息状态时明显降低.     

栀子提取物ZG对副流感病毒1型感染后宿主细胞膜的影响

为了探讨栀子提取物ZG抗病毒作用的生物学机制,观察了栀子提取物ZG对副流感病毒1型(PIV-1)感染后宿主细胞膜电位、膜Na -K -ATP酶活性和膜流动性的影响。以氯化乙酰胆碱为阳性对照,采用荧光探针Di-BAC4(3)标记Hep-2细胞膜电位,借助流式细胞仪检测膜电位;定磷法,分光光度计检测Na -K -ATP酶活性;荧光探针NBD-C6-HPC标记细胞膜磷脂,以荧光漂白恢复法和激光扫描共聚焦显微镜检测膜流动性。结果显示:PIV-1感染后宿主细胞膜电位下降,处于超极化状态;膜Na -K -ATP酶活性显著增加,膜流动性显著降低。栀子提取物ZG作用后,对宿主细胞膜的超极化状态没有明显影响;对膜Na -K -ATP酶活性没有明显影响;而对膜流动性则有明显的恢复作用。阳性对照药乙酰胆碱能明显改善病毒感染后膜电位的超极化状态。PIV-1感染后膜电位、Na -K -ATP酶活性和膜流动性等细胞膜能态和功能的改变,可能为病毒感染的生物学机制之一;栀子提取物ZG可能是通过改善细胞膜流动性,维持细胞膜的正常功能来发挥抗病毒感染的作用,而与膜电位和膜Na -K -ATP酶活性等能态来源的环节可能无关。     

动脉粥样硬化中单核细胞膜流动性研究

为研究动脉粥样硬化中单核细胞膜流动性的变化,本实验选用20只新西兰白兔建立动物粥样硬化模型,提取模型组与对照组兔外周血中单核细胞,通过荧光漂白恢复技术检测单核细胞膜流动性,并结合动脉粥样硬化动物模型病理切片揭示其与动脉粥样硬化相关性。结果显示动物动脉粥样硬化模型建立成功,模型组单核细胞膜的荧光恢复率和扩散系数均低于对照组。本研究揭示了单核细胞细胞膜的流动性与动脉粥样硬化的发生有关,为今后深入探究单核细胞与动脉粥样硬化关系提供实验基础。     

热环境对大鼠纹状体神经元细胞膜的损伤作用

采用原代培养的大鼠纹状体神经元,施予43℃热环境处理1h。用气,质联用的方法测定细胞膜和细胞中的脂肪酸水平,主要是花生四烯酸的水平;荧光偏振法测细胞膜流动性,用[^3H]花生四烯酸大肠杆菌膜检测细胞内磷脂酶A2活性。发现细胞内大量存在的脂肪酸水平在热环境处理前后没有明显差别,而花生四烯酸的水平明显升高。热处理造成细胞膜的流动性明显降低,同时明显增加了神经元内磷脂酶A2的活性。表明热处理明显影响神经元细胞膜的流动性和磷脂代谢,进而影响细胞膜的功能,而热对细胞膜的损伤作用可能就是热致神经元损伤的重要事件。     

Lack of direct effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-P-dioxin (TCDD) on protein kinase C activity in EL4 cells

In vivo administration of TCDD produces an increase in the level of Protein Kinase C in the hepatic plasma membrane. We have studied the direct effects of TCDD on cultured EL4 thymoma cells, which contain a large amount of Protein Kinase C and respond to phorbol esters with rapid translocation of the kinase to the membrane, followed by growth inhibition, adherence to substrate and production of interleukin 2. TCDD (10-1000 nM) did not compete with 3H-phorbol dibutyrate for binding to cytosolic Protein Kinase C, and had no effect on Protein Kinase C activity in vitro. TCDD did not stimulate translocation of Protein Kinase C to the membrane, and did not affect phorbol ester-stimulated translocation. TCDD did not inhibit EL4 cell growth or affect phorbol ester induced growth inhibition, and failed to stimulate production of interleukin 2. Thus, TCDD does not appear to activate Protein Kinase C in EL4 cells.     

毛喉萜对人胃癌细胞BGC－823中蛋白激酶C及其亚类的影响

以人胃癌细胞ＢＧＣ－８２３为模型,研究了毛喉萜（ｆｏｒｓｋｏｌｉｎ）对胃癌细胞中蛋白激酶Ｃ活性及其亚类基因表达的作用,同时也观察了毛喉萜对癌基因ｃ－ｊｕｎ及抑癌基因ｐ５３表达的影响．结果表明,２×１０~（－５）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ毛喉萜处理ＢＧＣ－８２３细胞７２ｈ,细胞质、膜和细胞核ＰＫＣ活性下降,ＰＫＣ亚类β,γ基因表达被抑制,癌基因ｃ－ｊｕｎ的表达也明显降低,而抑癌基因ｐ５３表达升高,上述变化可能是毛喉萜抑制胃癌细胞增殖等生理效应的重要分子事件。     

Anchored anti-HLA class I monoclonal antibody fails to induce inhibition of PHA-activated lymphocytes proliferation.

It is known that anti-HLA Class I antibodies inhibit the proliferative response of PHA-activated T-lymphocytes. We found that plastic- or sepharose-linked anti-HLA Class I monoclonal antibody 01.65 does not inhibit either [3H]Thymidine incorporation or recruitment in the cell cycle, nor does it reduce the expression of c-myc mRNA and the membrane expression of Interleukin-2 Receptor and Transferrin Receptor. Furthermore, particulate Protein Kinase C is not affected by anchored anti-HLA Class I monoclonal antibody 01.65. We suggest that anti-HLA Class I monoclonal antibody may act through crosslinking or internalization of HLA Class I antigens.     

ROS-challenged keratinocytes as a new model for oxidative stress-mediated skin diseases

In the current study, the effects of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generator 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) on extracellular and intracellular ROS production in human keratinocytes (HACAT) were studied. AAPH is a water-soluble compound able to generate ROS at known and constant rates at 37°C. The short treatment (2 h) with AAPH brought a significant dose-dependent increase in NADPH oxidase activity in intact keratinocytes. The long-term treatment (24 h) with AAPH led to a persistent increase in NADPH oxidase activity for up to 48 hour following the AAPH removal from cell incubation medium. ROS and nitric oxide levels, lipoperoxidation, intracellular calcium, mitochondrial superoxide production, and membrane potential were significantly modified in AAPH-treated HACAT. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and/or catalase addition to HACAT revealed that untreated keratinocytes produce mostly superoxide anion (O ₂ ⁻), while AAPH-treated keratinocytes overproduce hydrogen peroxide (H ₂O ₂) in extracellular medium. H ₂O ₂ is particularly stable and plays important roles in several cell signaling pathways. Taken together, our findings suggest a cost-effective and easily reproducible in vitro model of stressed human keratinocytes releasing significantly elevated ROS amounts in extracellular medium with respect to control keratinocytes. The possible application of the proposed model for keratinocytes-melanocytes cross-talk studies is also suggested. The model of AAPH-stressed human keratinocytes described here can represent a useful tool for redox cross-talk studies between keratinocytes and other skin cell types, and applied for researches regarding skin pathologies associated with oxidative stress.     

Epithelial-Stromal Interactions in Human Breast Cancer: Effects on Adhesion,Plasma Membrane Fluidity and Migration Speed and Directness

Interactions occurring between malignant cells and the stromal microenvironment heavily influence tumor progression. We investigated whether this cross-talk affects some molecular and functional aspects specifically correlated with the invasive phenotype of breast tumor cells (i.e. adhesion molecule expression, membrane fluidity, migration) by co-culturing mammary cancer cells exhibiting different degrees of metastatic potential (MDA-MB-231>MCF-7) with fibroblasts isolated from breast healthy skin (normal fibroblasts, NFs) or from breast tumor stroma (cancer-associated fibroblasts, CAFs) in 2D or 3D (nodules) cultures. Confocal immunofluorescence analysis of the epithelial adhesion molecule E-cadherin on frozen nodule sections demonstrated that NFs and CAFs, respectively, induced or inhibited its expression in MCF-7 cells. An increase in the mesenchymal adhesion protein N-cadherin was observed in CAFs, but not in NFs, as a result of the interaction with both kinds of cancer cells. CAFs, in turn, promoted N-cadherin up-regulation in MDA-MB-231 cells and its de novo expression in MCF-7 cells. Beyond promotion of “cadherin switching”, another sign of the CAF-triggered epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was the induction of vimentin expression in MCF-7 cells. Plasma membrane labeling of monolayer cultures with the fluorescent probe Laurdan showed an enhancement of the membrane fluidity in cancer cells co-cultured with NFs or CAFs. An increase in lipid packing density of fibroblast membranes was promoted by MCF-7 cells. Time-lapsed cell tracking analysis of mammary cancer cells co-cultured with NFs or CAFs revealed an enhancement of tumor cell migration velocity, even with a marked increase in the directness induced by CAFs.Our results demonstrate a reciprocal influence of mammary cancer and fibroblasts on various adhesiveness/invasiveness features. Notably, CAFs'' ability to promote EMT, reduction of cell adhesion, increase in membrane fluidity, and migration velocity and directness in mammary cancer cells can be viewed as an overall progression- and invasion-promoting effect.     

Fluid shear stress increases membrane fluidity in endothelial cells: a study with DCVJ fluorescence

Fluid shear stress (FSS) has been shown to be an ubiquitous stimulator of mammalian cell metabolism. Although many of the intracellular signal transduction pathways have been characterized, the primary mechanoreceptor for FSS remains unknown. One hypothesis is that the cytoplasmic membrane acts as the receptor for FSS, leading to increased membrane fluidity, which in turn leads to the activation of heterotrimetric G proteins (13). 9-(Dicyanovinyl)-julolidine (DCVJ) is a fluorescent probe that integrates into the cell membrane and changes its quantum yield with the viscosity of the environment. In a parallel-plate flow chamber, confluent layers of DCVJ-labeled human endothelial cells were exposed to different levels of FSS. With increased FSS, a reduced fluorescence intensity was observed, indicating an increase of membrane fluidity. Step changes of FSS caused an approximately linear drop of fluorescence within 5 s, showing fast and almost full recovery after shear cessation. A linear dose-response relationship between shear stress and membrane fluidity changes was observed. The average fluidity increase over the entire cell monolayer was 22% at 26 dyn/cm(2). This study provides evidence for a link between FSS and membrane fluidity, and suggests that the membrane is an important flow mechanosensor of the cell.     

Inactivation of hepatocyte protein kinase C by carbon tetrachloride: involvement of drug's metabolic activation and prooxidant effect

The involvement of CCl4 biotransformation mechanism in decreasing the Protein Kinase C activity has been analyzed in hepatocytes isolated from phenobarbital-pretreated rats. A significant inhibition (55%) and an almost total disappearance (87%) of the enzyme activity were observed at 15 min and at 30 min incubation with CCl4, respectively. Cell preincubation with Trolox or desferrioxamine allowed a marked whilst not complete protection of both cytosolic and particulate Protein Kinase C activity. These results show that the CCl4 reactive metabolites play a primary role in hepatocyte Protein Kinase C impairment and suggest that besides lipid peroxidation other mechanisms -possibly a derangement of Ca2+ homeostasis- may be involved in this process.