耐挫教育与培养创新人才的研究

为了使更多的具有创新意识和能力的人才不断涌现,同时唤起家庭、社会对"心理健康教育对创新人才培养的影响"这一问题的重视,"培养创新人才""心理健康教育""耐挫能力教育"三者之间的关系及提高学生耐挫能力的一些方法必须在实际教学中得以应用。心理健康是创新人才脱颖而出的有利保证。挫折教育在心理健康中占重要地位。挫折教育是创新人才培养教育的基础之基础。     

真实问题导向下生物技术专业创新应用型人才培养模式改革与实践

以辽宁大学为例，研究分析了目前该校生物技术专业人才培养中存在的真实问题，结合我国经济结构战略性调整要求和生物技术产业对人才的需求，坚持问题导向，通过优化课程与课堂建设、建立多层次科研训练平台、深化产教融合和校企合作、组建“双师型”教学队伍等方式，对生物技术专业创新应用型人才培养模式进行改革与实践。通过跟踪调查结果，验证了创新应用型人才培养模式的效果，具有重要的指导和借鉴意义。     

基于创新能力培养的“人体解剖与动物生理学实验”教学内容的优化北大核心CSCD

高等教育是实践创新创业教育的主阵地,创新创业教育是培养创新型人才和提升大学生社会适应的重要途径。研究结合“人体解剖与动物生理学实验”课程特点,以实现创新型人才培养为目标对实验教学内容进行改革和优化,旨在培养学生理论联系实践的思维、应用解剖生理学知识与医学、药学、生活实践结合的创新能力及应用科研服务社会的创新意识,为高校毕业生求职创业奠定基础,实现创新教育和专业教育一体化。     

高校互动式教学模式探讨

互动式教学模式是指以学生为主体,立足于培养学生创新能力的一种教学模式。高等医学院校是高素质医学人才培养的主要单位,研究高校互动式教学模式的内涵及医学意义、病理生理学中互动式教学模式的应用、互动式教学模式的制约瓶颈、探究高校互动式教学模式的实施策略有利于促进高校互动式教学模式的创新及医学人才培养质量的提高。     

新农科背景下提升农科学生创新实践能力的实验教学探索

我国现代农业产业的飞速进步对农业人才培养提出了新的要求,适应现代农业发展的人才需要有过硬的理论基础和创新实践能力。实验教学作为大学生创新实践能力培养的重要环节,在新农科人才培养中不可或缺。针对传统实验教学模式的限制,本文基于新农科背景论述了农科学生创新实践能力培养对提升大学生的自主思考能力、应用知识能力、跨学科发展能力以及整体素质的重要性,分析了当前实验教学模式落后及资源欠缺、大学生创新实践能力不足、实验教学体系落后于现代农业产业发展要求等现实存在的困境,进而,以广西大学为例,通过创新实验教学模式,丰富实验教学资源,深化校企协同融合发展,优化实验教学评价体系等改革探索,切实提升农科学生的创新意识和实践能力,培养了一批优秀的新农科人才。本文的研究成果为培养新农科大学生创新实践能力提供参考和借鉴。     

全国大学生生命科学创新创业大赛的实践与思考

大赛是深化创新创业教育改革的重要载体。大赛是促进高校科技创新、科研成果转化以及产学研紧密结合的关键纽带,对进一步深化高校教育教学改革,提升创新创业人才培养质量有着重要的推动作用。本文介绍了全国大学生生命科学创新创业大赛的实施过程与组织经验,对进一步提升创新创业人才培养的质量,具有较高的借鉴价值。     

应用型本科院校生物工程专业产学研人才培养模式探索

随着产学研紧密结合的提出,高校人才培养模式必须与之适应。作为我国高等教育的新生力量―应用型本科院校,生物工程专业在人才培养模式设置过程中,应以产学研基地建设为契机,以培养学生实际应用能力和专业分析能力为核心,不断进行改革和创新。本文以徐州工程学院生物工程专业为例,总结以往产学研合作教育经验,分析了人才培养模式相关问题,指出了应用型本科院校生物工程专业实施产学研合作教育的实践过程。     

生物实验教学中心创新人才实验教学平台建设

高等教育是教育的"龙头",而实验室是高等学校人才培养体系的重要组成部分。为增强实验教学中心在高等学校人才培养中的作用,四川大学生物科学国家级实验教学示范中心对实验室进行了有效地规划与建设,改进了创新人才教学方案,优化了实验教学模式,探索并建立了创新人才实验教学平台,对学生基本技能、科研能力、创新精神的培训起到了很好的作用。     

生物技术专业基因工程实验教学改革探讨

基因工程作为现代生命科学研究的前沿,是生物技术专业的必修主干课程之一。为了加强学生综合素质培养,根据当前基因工程实验教学现状,通过完善教学方法、优化实验内容、开放科研实验室等措施,调动学生学习热情,提高实验教学质量,以达到创新应用型人才培养的目的。     

我国高职教材建设的思考

从高职教材编写的特征和编写的基本要求入手,结合高职教材建设应体现时代发展的要求和符合对高等技术应用型人才培养的需求,阐述了高职教材编写必须以"重能力、求创新"为思路,提出了高职教材建设的具体措施及对策。     

Rapid Screening for Cell Surface Binding Monoclonal Antibodies

A procedure is described which allows for rapid detection of cell surface binding or cytoskeleton binding monoclonal antibodies. At the same time this procedure ensures that selected antibodies will be useful in Western blot analysis. This procedure including the cytochemistry and Western blot analysis requires only 100 μl of supernatant and can be done directly from the original 96 well plates into which the fusion was plated. One person can easily assay several hundred supernatants in one day for the ability to stain both cells and selected proteins in Western blot analysis.     

Toolbox for retrovectorologists

Retroviral vectors have actively contributed to the advent of gene therapy as a realistic approach in human therapeutics. At the beginning, the use of retroviral vectors was thought to be as simple as the collection of a viral supernatant that was applied to the desired cell. Rapidly, target resistance to transduction appeared in various conditions, ex vivo as well as in vivo. At that time, retrovectorologists entered an active "back to the bench" era. This phase was thought to have reached its conclusion with the generation of theoretically safe lentiviral vectors and when, in 2000, a first clinical trial using retroviral vectors proved to be successful. Unfortunately, recent developments have shown that we still need to improve our knowledge of several steps in the retroviral life cycle before we can accurately adapt vectors to target specific cells. In this review we will first briefly detail key features of the life cycle of wild-type retroviruses. Thereafter, an overview of the minimal requirements needed to generate retroviral vectors will be followed by the relevant developments in this rapidly moving field. Of note, we have highlighted the crucial biosafety issues in a specific section.     

质谱流式技术用于单细胞检测

质谱流式技术(mass cytometry)是利用质谱原理对单细胞进行多参数检测的流式技术,能够在单细胞水平实现超过50种标志物的同时测量,显著增强了对细胞生长进程和复杂细胞系统的评估能力。该文简要介绍了质谱流式技术的基本工作原理,并从金属元素标记、质量分析器、高维单细胞数据处理等方面展开论述,阐明设计新型金属元素标签和选择飞行时间质谱的必要性,归纳分析高维单细胞数据的算法并总结各种算法的优点和局限性。     

准教师生物实验教学能力重要性评估的初步研究

近年来,由于实验能力成为高考考查的重要内容,生物实验教学研究逐渐受到重视。国内关于一般实验教学能力的研究资料较少,关于准教师实验教学能力的调查测试上,资料相对更少。本研究调查分析了山西师范大学高年级学生对实验教学能力重要性的评估,发现“能正确且熟练得操作实验器材”和“能指导学生根据实验结果作出合理的解释、推论、及讨论”两项,是准教师认为重要的教学能力。被国际学术界普遍认为的两项重要能力,实验安全维护能力和指导实验结束后的讨论活动能力退居较重要能力。     

Using historical data for bioprocess optimization: modeling wine characteristics using artificial neural networks and archived process information

Optimization of fermentation processes is a difficult task that relies on an understanding of the complex effects of processing inputs on productivity and quality outputs. Because of the complexity of these biological systems, traditional optimization methods utilizing mathematical models and statistically designed experiments are less effective, especially on a production scale. At the same time, information is being collected on a regular basis during the course of normal manufacturing and process development that is rarely fully utilized. We are developing an optimization method in which historical process data is used to train an artificial neural network for correlation of processing inputs and outputs. Subsequently, an optimization routine is used in conjunction with the trained neural network to find optimal processing conditions given the desired product characteristics and any constraints on inputs. Wine processing is being used as a case study for this work. Using data from wine produced in our pilot winery over the past 3 years, we have demonstrated that trained neural networks can be used successfully to predict the yeast-fermentation kinetics, as well as chemical and sensory properties of the finished wine, based solely on the properties of the grapes and the intended processing. To accomplish this, a hybrid neural network training method, Stop Training with Validation (STV), has been developed to find the most desirable neural network architecture and training level. As industrial historical data will not be evenly spaced over the entire possible search space, we have also investigated the ability of the trained neural networks to interpolate and extrapolate with data not used during training. Because a company will utilize its own existing process data for this method, the result of this work will be a general fermentation optimization method that can be applied to fermentation processes to improve quality and productivity.     

Generation of cell lines with tetracycline-regulated autophagy and a role for autophagy in controlling cell size

Autophagy is an intracellular bulk degradation system. We established mouse fibroblast lines coupling the Tet-off system with an Atg5(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblast line to artificially regulate autophagic ability. In the presence of doxycycline (Dox), Atg5 expression was completely suppressed and these cells were autophagy-defective. After removal of Dox, autophagic ability was restored within 6h. Very low levels of Atg5 could induce an autophagy competent state. We applied this novel system to examine the contribution of autophagy to controlling cell size. Cell size reduction in response to starvation was significantly inhibited in cells unable to undergo autophagy. The generated cell lines will be useful reagents for future mechanistic studies into the regulation and physiologic significance of autophagy.     

A tilted rotational stimulation improves the gait of a cerebellar mutant mouse : The staggerer

A titled rotational stimulation was given daily from birth to normal and cerebellar staggerer mutant mice. At weaning time the ability to ambulate on a holed floor was measured. An increase in neither the speed nor the total exploration was demonstrated but the ability to avoid holes was significantly improved for both groups. In this experiment, the mutant appeared to be more sensitive to the enrichment factor than the normal.     

Gene expression profiling of human diseases by serial analysis of gene expression

Until recently, the approach to understanding the molecular basis of complex syndromes such as cancer, coronary artery disease, and diabetes was to study the behavior of individual genes. However, it is generally recognized that expression of a number of genes is coordinated both spatially and temporally and that this coordination changes during the development and progression of diseases. Newly developed functional genomic approaches, such as serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) and DNA microarrays have enabled researchers to determine the expression pattern of thousands of genes simultaneously. One attractive feature of SAGE compared to microarrays is its ability to quantify gene expression without prior sequence information or information about genes that are thought to be expressed. SAGE has been successfully applied to the gene expression profiling of a number of human diseases. In this review, we will first discuss SAGE technique and contrast it to microarray. We will then highlight new biological insights that have emerged from its application to the study of human diseases.     

江河源区“黑土滩”型退化草场的形成过程与综合治理

江河源区草场退化严重,超载过牧是主要原因,啮齿动物危害是重要原因,气候变化起了促进作用,“黑土滩”型退化草场的形成演替依照未退化→轻度退化→中度退化→重度退化→极度退化的方向进行。江河源区退化草场的治理应该以减轻放牧压力为出发点,防止退化草地面积的进一步扩大和蔓延。在此基础上,采用封育、除杂和施肥等人工调控策略,对不同程度退化草场采用不同模式进行治理,同时全面贯彻落实“草原法”和“草地有偿承包责任制”措施,以冬春草场为重点,合理利用草场,开展草场建设,增加投入,提高牧民文化素质,加强牧区人才建设,恢复治理“黑土滩”型退化草场,实现江河源区草地畜牧业的可持续发展。