A generic revision of the Phallodrilinae (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae)

The generic classification of the subfamily Phallodrilinae (with a total of 252 species) is revised according to phylogenetic principles. Morphological character patterns are assessed under the principle of maximum parsimony, but due to the poor resolution and instability in the resulting cladograms, the analysis is supplemented with intuitive weighting of synapomorphic similarities. Thirty-one genera are recognized. The former definition of the type genus Phallodrilus Picrantoni, 1902, is revised and the members of this genus are reclassified into 20 taxa, each hypothesized to be monophyletic: Phallodrilus s.str . (revised to contain the type species only), Somalidrilus gcn.n., Milliganius gen.n., Phallodriloides gen.n., Albanidrilus gen.n., Abyssidrilus gen.n., Paraktedrilus gen.n., Uniporodrilus Erséus, 1979, Inermidrilus gen.n., Gianius gen.n., Mexidrilus gen.n., Peosidrilus Baker & Erséus, 1979, Atlantidrilus Erséus, 1983, Thalassodrilus Brinkhurst, 1963, Pirodrilus gen.n., Pirodriloides gen.n., Marionidrilus gen.n., Pectinodrilus gen.n., Pacifidrilus gen.n. and Pseudospiridion gen.n. Nine new species are described from the Northwest Atlantic: Phallodriloides pinnulatus sp.n., Abyssidrilus opulentus sp.n., A. potens sp.n., A. altoides sp.n., Mexidrilus obtusus sp.n., Peosidrilus dalei sp.n., P. aduncus sp.n., P. riseri sp.n., and Atlantidrilus hamulus sp.n. The genus Discordiprostatus Baker, 1982, is synonymized with Nootkadrilus Baker, 1982.     

Taxonomie und Systematik der HippocardioideaPojeta & Runnegar, 1976 [n. superfam.] (Mollusca; Rostroconchia)

The revisions of the families PseudobigaleaidaeHoare, Mapes &; Yancey, 2002 and HippocardiidaePojeta &; Runnegar, 1976 led to the introduction of a new taxon at the superfamily rank in order to unite the two families and distinguish them from the members of the Conocardiidae and Bransoniidae within the order Conocardiida. The autapomorphy of this new superfamily HippocardioideaPojeta &; Runnegar, 1976 [n. superfam.] — the more or less uniform development of at least one hood — is considered taxonomically as so important that we exclude a common ancestry of the almost contemporaneously occurring taxa of the Hippocardiidae, Pseudobigaleaidae on the one hand and the Bransoniidae sensuPojeta &; Runnegar on the other. The family Hippocardiidae is divided into six taxa on subfamily rank, the HippocardiinaePojeta &; Runnegar, Babinicardiinae n. subfam., Barrandeicardiinae n. subfam., Bohemicardiinae n. subfam., Goticardiinae n. subfam. and Hassiacardiinae n. subfam. At the species level, 13 taxa are assigned to the generaBabinicardia n. gen.,Barrandeicardia n. gen.,Bohemicardia n. gen.,Filicardia n. gen,.Globocardia n. gen.,Goticardia n. gen.,Pohlia n. gen. andHassiacardia n. gen. Additionally, the speciesGoticardia kauffmannii n. gen. n. sp. is introduced, whereas the primary homonymy of ?Conocardium“reticulatum Babin, 1966 is retained, because this taxon remained inassignable to any of the existing genera, but is considered as a member of the Hippocardiidae. The revised family Hippocardiidae occurred stratigraphically from the Middle Silurian (Wenlockian) until Mississippian time; members of the new superfamily Hippocardioidea are known from the Ordovician until the Pennsylvanian.     

The nemerteans (Nemertea) of Rottnest Island, Western Australia

Seventeen species of marine nemerteans are reported from Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Eight new species and four new genera are described and illustrated; these are the heteronemerteans Kohnia rottnestensis gen. et sp. n., Lineus bioculatus sp. n., Lineus gilviceps sp. n., Micrura callima sp. n. and Uricholemma nigricans gen. et sp. n., and the monostiliferous hoplonemerteans Aenigmanemertes norenburgi gen. et spn. n., Crybelonemertes arenicolus gen. et sp. n. and Tetrastemma tristibruna sp. n. A key for the field identification of the nemerteans of Rottnest Island is provided.     

Leptojacobus dorci n. gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Diplogastridae), an Associate of Dorcus Stag Beetles (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)

A new species of diplogastrid nematode, Leptojacobus dorci n. gen., n. sp., was isolated from adults of the stag beetle Dorcus ritsemae (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) that were purchased from a pet shop in Japan. Leptojacobus n. gen. is circumscribed by a very thin, delicate body and by a small stoma with minute armature. A combination of other stomatal characters, namely the division of the cheilostom into adradial plates, the symmetry of the subventral stegostomatal sectors, and the presence of a thin, conical dorsal tooth, further distinguishes Leptojacobus n. gen. from other genera of Diplogastridae. Phylogenetic analysis of nearly full-length SSU rRNA sequences support the new species, together with an isolate identified previously as Koerneria luziae, to be excluded from a clade including all other molecularly characterized diplogastrids with teeth and stomatal dimorphism. Therefore, the new species will be of importance for reconstruction of ancestral character histories in Diplogastridae, a family circumscribed by a suite of feeding-related novelties.     

Microfossils from oolites and pisolites of the Upper Proterozoic Eleonore Bay Group, Central East Greenland

Silicified oolites and pisolites from Bed 18 of the Upper Proterozoic (about 700-800 Ma) Limestone-Dolomite "Series" of the Eleonore Bay Group, central East Greenland, contain a diverse suite of organically preserved microfossils that is, for the most part. [Of the] assemblages previously described from Proterozoic cherts and shales. Three principal assemblages occur in these rocks: 1) a class bound assemblage found in detrital carbonate grains (now silicified) that served as nuclei for ooid and pisoid growth, as well as in uncoated mud and mat clasts that were carried into the zone of ooid and pisoid deposition; 2) an epilithic and interstitial assemblage consisting of microorganisms that occurred on top of and between grains; and 3) a euendolithic assemblage composed of microbes that actively bored into coated grains. The Upper Proterozoic euendolithic assemblage closely resembles a community of euendolithic cyanobacteria found today in shallow marine ooid sands of the Bahama Banks. Thirteen species are described, of which eight are new, five representing new genera: Eohyella dichotoma n. sp., Eohyella endoatracta n. sp., Eohyella rectoclada n. sp., Thylacocausticus globorum n. gen. and sp., Cunicularius halleri n. gen. and sp., Graviglomus incrustus n. gen. and sp., Perulagranum obovatum n. gen. and sp., and Parenchymodiscus endolithicus n. gen. and sp.     

Two new genera of the family Derbidae from the new world,with description of recent and an extinct miocene new species (Homoptera,Fulgoroidea)

Two new species of the family Derbidae are described. Anticedusa gen. n. (tribe Cedusini) includes the recent A. loisae sp. n. (type species) from Costa Rica and A. dominicana sp. n. from the Miocene Dominican amber. Cedochrusa gen. n. (type species Cedusa quixoa Kramer from Panama) of the tribe Cedochreini also contains a new species, Cedochrusa luculenta sp. n. from Costa Rica. A new subtribe Eocenchreina subtrib. n. comprising genera Eocenchrea Muir, Melusa Em., and Anticedusa gen. n. is erected for Cedusini with the achilid venation of the clavus.     

The pterolichoid feather mites (Acarina, Astigmata) of the Megapodiidae (Aves, Galliformes)

The pterolichoid feather mites of megapodes are reviewed. Named taxa are briefly discussed and most are figured. The Pterolichidae (Pterolichinae) are: Ascetohchus Perez & Atyeo, three species; Echinozonus Atyeo & Perez, six species; Pereziella Atyeo, two species; and Phycoferus Atyeo & Perez, two species. New pterolichine taxa, with the type species listed first, include: Botryaspis cordiforma gen. et sp.n. and B. cordata gen. et sp.n.; Cycloprotarsus lineatus gen. et sp.n., C. centralis gen. et sp.n. and C. monacrotrichus gen. et sp.n.; Eurypterolichus gen.n. for Pterolichus navicula comb.n. Trouessart & Neumann and E. coniger gen. et sp.n.; Goniodurus gen.n. for Pterolichus ( Pseudalloptes ) quadratus comb.n. Trouessart and G. bilobatus gen. et sp.n.; Haptepigynus gen.n. for Pterolichus ( Pseudalloptes ) tridentiger comb.n. Trouessart and H. holonotus gen. et sp.n.; Heliaspis ventralis gen. et sp.n.; Leipobius ocellatus gen. et sp.n.; Maleolichus maleo gen. et sp.n.; Mayracarus gen.n. for Pterolichus (P.) tritilobus comb.n. Trouessart; Megapodobius arcuatus gen. et sp.n. and M. striatus gen. et sp.n.; Oxygynurus brevissimus gen. et sp.n., O. longicaulis gen. et sp.n., O. mediocaulis gen. et sp.n. and O. parvicaulis gen. et sp. n.; Prionoturus amembranatus gen. et sp. n.; Talegallobius bidentatus gen. et sp.n.; and Tanysomacarus imperfectus gen. et sp.n. and T. brachymeles gen. et sp.n. A new taxon of the Thoracosathesidae is: Thoracosathes caudiculata sp.n. Keys are provided and host- commensal associations are discussed. All taxa are restricted to the Megapodiidae. Cheylabis fuscina Trouessart is assigned to Pereziella and has as a synonym P. dupilcata Atyeo.     

Gall midges of the supertribe stomatosematidi (Diptera,Cecidomyiidae) in the Palaearctic region,with descriptions of new taxa from the late Eocene Rovno Amber. 2. The genera <Emphasis Type="Italic">Didactylomyia</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rovnodidactylomyia</Emphasis> gen. n.

One new genus (Rovnodidactylomyia Fedotova et Perkovsky, gen. n.) and four new species (Didactylomyia dlusskyi sp. n., Rovnodidactylomyia zosimovichi gen. n. et sp. n., R. sidorenkoi sp. n., and R. iconica sp. n.) are described from an amber sample of the late Eocene Period (Rovno District, Ukraine). Two species from a Baltic amber sample of the late Eocene Period, described earlier in the genus Bryocrypta, are attributed to the genus Rovnodidactylomyia (R. girafa (Meunier, 1904) comb. n. and R. capitosa (Meunier, 1904)). The first fossil species of the genus Didactylomyia is described for the first time; two contemporary Palaearctic species are recorded. Keys to the species of the genus Didactylomyia are given.     

Three new genera of Braconini from Australasia and Malaysia (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Braconidae)

Ancilibracon gen.n. (type species: Ancilinracon townesi sp.n.). Ancilibracon bakeri sp.n., Gelasinibracon gen.n. (type species: Gelasinibracon sedlaceki sp.n.), Gelasinibracon simplicicaudatus sp.n., Esengoides gen.n. (type species: Esengoides crentdatus sp.n.) and Esengoides fulvus sp.n. are each described and illustrated. Ancilibracon towensi is from Malaysia. A. bakeri is from Borneo, both Gelasinibracon species are from Guinéa, E. crenulatus is from the solomon Islands and E. fulvus is from Australia. These three new genera belong to the Plesiobrscon Cameron group of the Braconina. Their relationship are discussed.     

Revision der Familie HippocardiidaePojeta & Runnegar, 1976 (Mollusca; Rostroconchia)

Following the revision and integration of the family PseudobigaleaidaeHoare, Mapes &; Yancey into the existing systematic concept of the rostroconch order Conocardiida the original family of hood-carrying rostroconchs, the HippocardiidaePojeta &; Runnegar, is revised and subdivided in this contribution. Here, we present the members of the subfamily HippocardiinaePojeta &; Runnegar [n. subfam.]. Its erection appeared necessary first, as the family Hippocardiidae had been used for decades as a conglomeration taxon where most varied morphotypes were assigned to the type genusHippocardia, whose character combinations only just now can be distinguished, and secondly because the number of hood-carrying hippocardiid rostroconch taxa increased markedly during our studies. Ten taxa at the species level are assigned to the generaHippocardia Brown, 1843,Bieberiana n. gen.,Cartericardia n. gen.,Fraipontia n. gen.,Hoareicardia n. gen. andPojetorum n. gen. All the taxa are precisely diagnosed and described at the subfamily, genus and species level by a uniform, revised and completed terminology of morphologic characters. This allows comparability of the taxa and aids in the reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships in the Hippocardiinae [n. subfam.], whose members occur from the Late Silurian until the Mississippian.     

Psammaspides williamsi gen.n., sp.n., ein Vertreter einer neuen Familie mesopsammaler Anaspidacea (Crustacea, Syncarida)

A new species of the order Anaspidacea, Psammaspides williamsi gen.n., sp.n., is described from Australia. It belongs to a family of its own, Psammaspididae fam.n. This family seems to bridge the gap between the Stygocarididae and the Anaspidacea. The new species was found in gravel along a stream in northern New South Wales extending the range of distribution of the Anaspidacea far beyond its known limits to the north. It is the first fully interstitial species within the Anaspidacea.

Zusammenfassung

Eine neue Art der Ordnung Anaspidacea, Psammaspides williamsi gen.n., sp.n. wird aus Australien beschrieben. Sie gehört zu einer neuen Familie, den Psammaspididae. Diese Familie scheint zwischen den Stygocarididae und den Anaspidacea zu vermitteln. Die neue Art wurde im Schotter eines Baches im nördlichen New South Wales entdeckt und dehnt das Verbreitungsareal der Anaspidacea weit über seine bisher bekannten Grenzen nach Norden aus. Es ist die erste echt mesopsammale Art innerhalb der Anaspidacea.     

New Carboniferous brachiopod genera from Huai Bun Nak,North-east Thailand

Five new genera and species are described from brown silty mudstone near Huai Bun Nak, north-east Thailand. New taxa areProrugaria thailandica n. gen., n. sp. (Family Rugosochonetidae);Tuberculatella tubertella n.gen., n.sp. (Family Overtoniidae);Minispina alata n.gen., n.sp. (Family Marginiferidae);Aspinosella sinauris n.gen., n.sp. (Family Retariidae) andMucrospiriferinella undulosa n.gen., n.sp. (Family Xestotrematidae). The age is considered to be younger Carboniferous.     

Mendesellinae, a new subfamily of braconid wasps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) with a review of relationships within the microgastroid assemblage

Abstract. A new subfamily of braconid wasps, the Mendesellinae, is proposed and described. It is represented by two genera and nine species, all newly described: Mendesella gen.n., type species M.amazonica sp.n., M.braziliensls , sp.n., M.magna sp.n., Epsilogaster gen.n., type species E.bicolor sp.n., E.brazMensis sp.n., E.dureno sp.n., E.palenque sp.n., E.tico sp.n. and E.panama sp.n. The phylogenetic relationships among the subfamilies of the 'microgastroid assemblage' of Braconidae are reviewed and analysed, to clarify the status and relationships of the new subfamily.     

Review of the millipede family Trichopolydesmidae in the Oriental realm (Diplopoda,Polydesmida), with descriptions of new genera and species

In the Oriental Region, the large, basically Northern Hemisphere family Trichopolydesmidae is shown to currently comprise 18 genera and 43 species. Based mainly on gonopod structure, all of them, as well as the whole family, are (re)diagnosed, including five new genera and seven new species. These new taxa are keyed, also being the first to be described from Indochina in general and from Vietnam in particular: Aporodesmella gen. n., with three species: A. securiformis sp. n. (the type species), A. similis sp. n. and A. tergalis sp. n., as well as the following four monotypic genera: Deharvengius gen. n., with D. bedosae sp. n., Gonatodesmus gen. n., with G. communicans sp. n., Helicodesmus gen. n., with H. anichkini sp. n., and Monstrodesmus gen. n., with M. flagellifer sp. n. In addition, Cocacolaria hauseri Hoffman, 1987, hitherto known only from New Ireland Island, Papua New Guinea, is redescribed based on material from Vanuatu whence it is recorded for the first time. One of the new genera, Gonatodesmus gen. n., provides a kind of transition or evolutionary bridge between Trichopolydesmidae and Opisotretidae, thus reinforcing the assignment of these two families to the single superfamily Trichopolydesmoidea.     

New genera and species of Neotropical Exosternini (Coleoptera,Histeridae)

We describe the following 8 new genera and 23 new species of Neotropical Exosternini. Conocassis gen. n. (Conocassis minor sp. n. [type species], Conocassis dromedaria sp. n., Conocassis trisulcata sp. n., and Conocassis invaginata sp. n.), Enkyosoma gen. n. (Enkyosoma rockwelli sp. n.), Pluricosta gen. n. (Pluricosta onthophiloides sp. n.), Pyxister gen. n. (Pyxister devorator sp. n. [type species] and Pyxister labralis sp. n.), Chapischema gen. n. (Chapischema doppelganger sp. n.), Scaptorus gen. n. (Scaptorus pyramus sp. n.), Lacrimorpha gen. n. (Lacrimorpha glabra sp. n. [type species], Lacrimorpha balbina sp. n., Lacrimorpha subdepressa sp. n., and Lacrimorpha acuminata sp. n.), Crenulister gen. n. (Crenulister grossus sp. n. [type species], Crenulister explanatus sp. n., Crenulister dentatus sp. n., Crenulister impar sp. n., Crenulister umbrosus sp. n., Crenulister simplex sp. n., Crenulister paucitans sp. n., Crenulister spinipes sp. n., and Crenulister seriatus sp. n.) These all represent highly distinctive and phylogenetically isolated forms, almost invariably known from very few specimens. All but one species have been collected only by passive flight intercept traps, and nothing significant is known about the biology of any of them.     

New Antarctic holothurians (Echinodermata) – I. Five new species with four new genera of the order Dendrochirotida

Five new Antarctic species and four new genera of dendrochirote holothurians are described: Caespitugo diversipes gen. et sp.n., Caespitugo citriformis gen. et sp.n., Microchoerus splendidus gen. et sp.n. (all Cucumariidae), Crucella hystirix gen. et sp.n. (Paracucumidae), and Echinopsolus acanthocola gen. et sp.n. (Psolidae). To include Crucella in the Paracucumidae a minor change of the family diagnosis was necessary. This change is discussed. The species were caught on the continental shelf of the southern and eastern Weddell Sea. mainly in depths between 200 and 650m. Their systematic status within their families as well as relationships to representatives of other familes are discussed.     

New genus, new species of Acanthocephala (Echinorhynchidae) from the Brazilian frog Hylodes phyllodes (Anura: Leptodactylidae)

Anuracanthorhynchus tritaxisentis n. gen., n. sp. from the intestines of the Brazilian frog Hylodes phyllodes (Leptodactylidae) is described and illustrated. Anuracanthorhynchus tritaxisentis n. gen., n. sp., is unique among the echinorhynchid Acanthocephala by possessing a spherical proboscis supporting a small number of hooks of equal size. It is the sixth acanthocephalan species reported from South American anurans.