固定化微藻对虾池弧菌数量动态的影响

引入固定化波吉卵囊藻(Oocystis borgei)和微绿球藻(Nannochloris oculata)于凡纳对虾(Litop Penaeus vannamei)养殖环境中,检测水体、对虾胃和后肠中弧菌的数量变化,研究固定化微藻对虾池弧数量动态影响。结果表明:波吉卵囊藻培养液中9d后不能检测出弧菌,微绿球藻培养液中15d后不能检测出弧菌。引入固定化波吉卵囊藻和微绿球藻的褐藻胶藻珠能抑制弧菌的生长,实验组养殖水体、对虾胃和后肠中弧菌的数量都比对照组低;抑制效果是固定化波吉卵囊藻和微绿球藻混合固定化波吉卵囊藻固定化微绿球藻;试验后期实验组弧菌的数量明显低于试验前期。试验期间固定化波吉卵囊藻和微绿球藻的生物量分别增加了约10倍和17倍,证明它们的生理活性不会因固定化而受干扰。因此,固定化微藻可应用于虾池微生态调控防病。       

产油微藻的选育及其培养条件优化

为了利用微藻处理废水生产生物质燃料，实现治理环境污染和缓解化石能源短缺的耦合，需要筛选能够适应石家庄本地气候，生产状况良好且油脂产率较高的微藻藻株。从石家庄市自然河流中采样，经过BG11培养基分离纯化后筛选出10株微藻，利用SPASS 19.0软件对培养中的相关数据进行方差分析及LSD多重比较发现，自养条件下藻种DK-3生物量、总脂含量较其他藻株高,分别为：1.86 g·L-1、(10.23 ± 2.63) mg·L-1·d-1，经18S rDNA 鉴定为栅藻（Scenedesmus meyen），构建其系统发育树。利用Box-Behnken Design (BBD)设计耦合响应曲面法（RSM）探索藻种DK-3最佳异养培养条件，最终藻种DK-3最佳培养条件为葡萄糖20 g·L-1、K2HPO4·3H2O 90 mg·L-1、MgSO4·7H2O 200 mg·L-1（其他成分参考BG11培养基），经验证在此培养条件下，经240 h培养后生物量为5.47 g·L-1，油脂产量为1.28 g·L-1，比对照组生物量3.37 g·L-1提高了62.31%，因此，藻种DK-3具有较高的研究潜能。     

三种益生菌混合培养及共生机理研究

确定酪酸菌、肠膜芽孢杆菌与粪肠球菌三种菌混合工艺.研究了三种菌混合培养的生长曲线,混合批式传49代、混合连续培养考察三种菌的共存稳定性.三种菌无细胞上清液彼此之间均有促进生长作用,混合培养液的菌数较单独培养增加,在稀释率0.042/h,填充床连续培养11d,三种菌可稳定共存,但批式传49代过程中,肠膜芽孢杆菌有消失现象,而酪酸菌、粪肠球菌均较传代前增加了100倍.平板打孔生长圈法、点种法实验分别表明酪酸菌、肠膜芽孢杆菌对粪肠球菌有显著的促进作用,连续培养较批式传代可更好的研究菌际关系.并得到简单易行的复方益生菌剂组方方法.     

海洋经济微藻混合培养与单独培养下的生长比较

海洋微藻可以广泛应用在水产养殖、食品加工、医药保健、环境保护和生物制能等各种行业,具有非常好的开发利用前景.目前,如何突破海洋微藻培养过程中细胞生物量低下等瓶颈,提高微藻的细胞密度,以低成本、高效率开发利用海洋微藻资源成为了国内外学者关注的焦点.论文以三角褐指藻、亚心型扁藻和杜氏盐藻3 种典型经济海洋微藻为研究材料,在实验室条件下研究了它们两两混合培养与各自单独培养条件下的细胞生长情况,探讨海洋微藻混合培养在促进微藻整体细胞生长方面的可能性.结果显示,三角褐指藻和杜氏盐藻混合培养在生长前9 天的OD680 高于三角褐指藻或杜氏盐藻分别单独培养的OD680 ,而随着试验时间的延长,混合培养条件下的OD680 与单独培养三角褐指藻的OD680 相似;就三角褐指藻和亚心型扁藻混合培养的OD680而言,在整个生长时期均高于单独培养亚心型扁藻的OD680 ,但低于单独培养三角褐指藻的OD680 ;不同的是,杜氏盐藻和亚心型扁藻混合培养下的OD680 在生长第6 天后高于单独培养杜氏盐藻或单独培养亚心型扁藻的OD680 .研究结果表明,混合培养三角褐指藻和杜氏盐藻或混合培养杜氏盐藻和亚心型扁藻具有一定程度促进微藻细胞生长的潜力.研究结果将为经济海洋微藻的高密度培养及其高附加价值活性物质的开发利用提供一个崭新的研究方向.     

益生菌混合发酵条件及其对发酵胡萝卜汁色泽及风味的影响

目的 研究3株益生菌混合发酵胡萝卜汁的发酵条件对色泽、风味的影响及其贮藏特性等.方法 通过菌种配比、单因素试验及正交试验优化了胡萝卜汁的发酵条件,并利用分光测色计和气质联用仪分别研究了发酵前后胡萝卜汁的风味成分和色泽变化.结果 添加30％ (m/m)的新鲜胡萝卜汁(原液),接种3％的以1∶1∶1(v/v/v)混合的嗜热...     

臭氧处理对常用饵料微藻生长的影响

利用臭氧处理培养液中的野生金藻(XR-03-02)(Chryso-alyae)和云微藻。测定和分析了这2种藻的生长速率、细胞密度的变化,及最终的色素含量。结果表明,一定剂量的臭氧处理可提高野生金藻(XR-03-02)、云微藻的生长速率和生物量,但过高剂量的臭氧处理反而抑制它们的生物量。经过臭氧处理后,饵料藻的色素含量都有所提高。     

多株功能菌种混合培养条件的响应面优化及其生长关系

对3种具有土壤中多种重金属污染修复和病虫害防治功能的光合细菌（Photosynthetic bacteria,PSB,包括Rhodobacter sphaeroides H菌株、Rhodopseudomonas palustris N菌株和Rhodospirillium rubrum M菌株）、枯草芽胞杆菌（Bacillus subtilis, BS）和植物乳酸杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum, LP）进行混合培养,利用单因素和响应面试验优化培养基配方以及培养条件。确定功能菌混合培养的最佳条件：以光合细菌培养基为基础培养基,外加碳源为10 g/L蔗糖、氮源为1.25 g/L硫酸铵、培养温度为31.5 ℃、初始pH值为7.1、接种量为接种后的初始培养活菌数1.90×10⁹cfu/mL、培养时间为28.0 h。通过功能菌的加性模型法、生长动力学以及混合培养的生长关系分析表明,光合细菌、枯草芽胞杆菌和植物乳酸杆菌的生长均存在互惠互利关系。     

一株功能性益生菌FQ（15）生物学特性的研究

目的研究一株新分离的功能性益生菌FQ15的生物学特性。方法通过药敏试验研究FQ15对21种抗生素的耐药性;同时,利用耐酸、耐受胆盐等抗逆性实验确定其是否具备功能性的基本要求,最后采用平板抑菌实验研究FQ15对8种常见致病菌是否具有抑菌效果,并通过混合培养方法,确定其对致病性大肠埃希菌及金黄色葡萄球菌的拮抗作用。结果FQ15对7种常见的抗生素有耐药性,在pH不低于3.0的环境下能够正常的生长,能够耐受0.1%-0.7%浓度的胆盐,对8种常见致病菌均具有很好的抑菌效果,并且在与致病菌混合培养中36 h内可以彻底清除金黄色葡萄球菌,48 h内可以完全消灭大肠埃希菌。结论新分离的功能性益生菌FQ15具有良好的生物学特性,而且对临床常见的病原菌具有较强的体外抑制作用。     

五种益生菌在纤维固定化连续培养系统的共存定殖

模拟肠道的半固态生境, 建立以玉米纤维为载体的固定化连续搅拌培养系统、并以非固定化连续搅拌培养系统为对照, 稀释率为0.0417, 分别连续培养12 d, 双歧杆菌、酪酸菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、肠膜芽孢杆菌、粪肠球菌五种菌在两种系统中均可稳定共存, 固定化系统固相五种菌数均高于非固定化系统, 以双歧杆菌增幅最大, 半固态的固定化连续培养较液态连续培养的菌相与肠道菌相较一致, 能更好地模拟肠道微生态。扫描电镜观察五种菌在玉米纤维上固定形成了生物膜。     

Plackett-Burman Design与均匀设计法优化玫瑰色微球菌固定化脱氮的性能

【目的】采用Plackett-Burman Design (PBD)与均匀设计(Uniform Design, UD) 优化玫瑰色微球菌(Micrococcus roseus)固定化脱氮的条件,以提高其脱氮性能。【方法】选择聚乙烯醇(Polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)与海藻酸钠(Sodium alginate,SA)作为固定化细胞材料,研究其成球方式与性能,应用PBD对9个影响脱氮效果的因素进行显著性检验,筛选出PVA、SA、温度、菌液接种量、菌球量5个显著性因素(P<0.05)。采用UD对5个显著因素进行条件优化,优化数据通过Minitab与Matlab软件进行逐步回归分析,并建立二阶多项式模型。【结果】最优脱氮条件为PVA 9.6%、SA 2.2%、温度33.4 °C、菌液接种量8%、菌球量500个/100 mL,连续脱氮72 h,最高脱氮率达到60.9%。【结论】PBD与UD的联合使用能够在显著因子筛选与寻优中发挥重要的作用。连续脱氮试验表明,玫瑰色微球菌去除氨氮主要通过同化、硝化与反硝化途径。     

产油微藻自养培养条件调控

作为新兴生物燃料的生物柴油近年来发展迅速,以微藻为代表的第二代生物能源是解决能源危机的长远之计,但如何提高其产量仍是研究的热点问题。以提高产油自养微藻生物量和油脂含量为目的,在气升式光反应器中运用均匀设计实验方法进行了条件优化试验。分别得出了氮原子浓度、通气速率、二氧化碳体积浓度和光照强度4个因素对小球藻C2生物量积累和油脂含量影响的显著回归方程和反应器优化培养条件。以生物量为指标的优化培养条件是:氮原子浓度0.178 g/L,通气速率5 L/min,二氧化碳体积浓度3%(V/V),光照强度6000 lx。该优化条件下,生物量为2.11 g/L,即生产速率为0.352 g/(L.d),比测试实验中检测到的最高生物量[1.88 g/L,即生产速率为0.313 g/(L.d)]提高了12.2%;以油脂含量为指标的优化培养条件是:进气速率0.400 L/min,二氧化碳体积浓度1.94%(V/V),得到油脂含量为22.4%,比测试实验中检测到的最高油脂量(20.7%)提高7.7%。     

Monitoring of the Photosynthetic Activity of the Microalgae Chlorella under Nitrogen Depletion Conditions

Biophysics - Abstract—The paper presents the results of monitoring of the photosynthetic activity of the green microalga Chlorella. A thermophilic strain of Chlorella with a high rate of cell...     

一株海洋微藻的鉴定及其原生质体制备条件优化

从烟台海滨水域分离出一株海洋单细胞微藻。通过形态学鉴定和18S r DNA基因序列分析确定该株真核微藻属于四爿藻属(Tetraselmis sp.),命名为138号藻种。利用Central Composite法的Box-Behnken实验设计优化了此藻株的原生质体备条件。获得了以原生质体制备率为目标函数的三元二次回归方程:Y_1=88. 30-0. 19X_1+2. 44X_2+2. 28X_3-0. 95X_1X_2-3. 13X_1X_3+3. 78X_2X_3-9. 85X_1~2-7. 95X_2~2-7. 22X_3~2。得到最优制备条件:混合酶比例纤维素酶∶果胶酶为5∶2;混合酶浓度为4. 5%(纤维素酶浓度为2. 7%,果胶酶浓度为1. 8%);缓冲液pH为6. 4,最高理论制备率81. 5%。经过3次平行试验,实际得到的原生质体制备率为80. 5%,与模型预测值的误差为1. 24%。绿色荧光蛋白报告基因瞬时表达检测了所制备原生质体的转化能力。     

A Novel Bioflocculant Produced by Cobetia Marina MCCC1113: Optimization of Fermentation Conditions by Response Surface Methodology and Evaluation of Flocculation Performance When Harvesting Microalgae

A preliminary study was carried out to optimize the culture medium conditions for producing a novel microbial flocculant from the marine bacterial species Cobetia marina. The optimal glucose, yeast extract, and glutamate contents were 30, 10, and 2 g/l, respectively, while the optimal initial pH of the culture medium was determined to be 8. Following response surface optimization, the maximum bioflocculant production level of 1.36 g/l was achieved, which was 43.40% higher than the original culture medium. Within 5 min, a 20.0% (v/v) dosage of the yielded bioflocculant applied to algal cultures resulted in the highest flocculating efficiency of 93.9% with Spirulina platensis. The bioflocculant from C. marina MCCC1113 may have promising application potential for highly productive microalgae collection, according to the findings of this study. Open in a separate window     

锰过氧化物酶的耦合固定化及其性质研究

分别采用海藻酸钠、明胶和壳聚糖为载体,并以戊二醛为交联剂,通过包埋-交联和吸附-交联两种耦合固定化方法制备固定化锰过氧化物酶。探讨了酶的不同固定化条件和固定化酶的部分性能。与游离酶相比,制备的3种固定化酶最适反应pH分别由7.0降低到5.0、5.0和3.0,最适反应温度分别由35℃升高到75℃、55℃和75℃。3种固定化酶的耐热性都显著提高,其中用壳聚糖制成的固定化酶在pH 2.2～11的宽范围内表现出很好的酸碱耐受性。30℃连续测定6～9次酶活力,重复使用的3种固定化酶显示出良好的稳定性。将固定化酶应用在偶氮染料的脱色中,用明胶制成的固定化酶在静置和摇床条件下,以及用海藻酸钠制成的固定化酶在摇床条件下,均表现出与游离酶相近的脱色能力,并且在重复进行的摇床实验中,脱色能力未降低,反应前后的酶活力均没有损失。     

锰过氧化物酶的耦合固定化及其性质研究

分别采用海藻酸钠、明胶和壳聚糖为载体,并以戊二醛为交联剂,通过包埋-交联和吸附-交联两种耦合固定化方法制备固定化锰过氧化物酶。探讨了酶的不同固定化条件和固定化酶的部分性能。与游离酶相比,制备的3种固定化酶最适反应pH分别由7·0降低到5·0、5·0和3·0,最适反应温度分别由35℃升高到75℃、55℃和75℃。3种固定化酶的耐热性都显著提高,其中用壳聚糖制成的固定化酶在pH2·2~11的宽范围内表现出很好的酸碱耐受性。30℃连续测定6~9次酶活力,重复使用的3种固定化酶显示出良好的稳定性。将固定化酶应用在偶氮染料的脱色中,用明胶制成的固定化酶在静置和摇床条件下,以及用海藻酸钠制成的固定化酶在摇床条件下,均表现出与游离酶相近的脱色能力,并且在重复进行的摇床实验中,脱色能力未降低,反应前后的酶活力均没有损失。     

Co-immobilization of dextransucrase and dextranase in alginate

Dextransucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides and dextranase from Penicillium lilacinum were co-immobilized and used to produce isomaltooligosaccharides from sucrose. The enzymes were co-immobilized by encapsulating soluble dextransucrase and dextranase covalently attached to Eupergit C in alginate (beads, fibers, and capsules). The alginate capsule co-immobilization was done in the presence of soluble starch and resulted in a high immobilization yield (71%), and the enzymes retained their activities during 20 repeated batch reactions and for a month in storage at 4 °C. The presence of starch was essential for the stability of dextransucrase in alginate capsules. Furthermore, it is important that the dextranase be pre-immobilized prior to alginate capsule co-immobilization to prevent dextranase leakage and inactivation of dextransucrase. The co-immobilized enzymes formed oligosaccharides from sucrose, which can be used as prebiotics. In addition, the oligosaccharides that were produced after the addition of sucrose reacted with the alginate fiber-encapsulted dextransucrase, thus increasing the amount of prebiotics. Co-immobilization in alginate fiber and beads also resulted in high yields (70 and 64%), but enzymatic activities decreased by 74 and 99%, respectively, after a month in storage at 4 °C. The newly developed alginate capsule method for co-immobilization of dextransucrase and dextranase is simple yet effective and has the potential for industrial-scale production of isomaltooligosaccharides.     

Determining Social Rank in Ungulates: A Comparison of Aggressive Interactions Recorded at a Bait Site and under Natural Conditions

Researchers often assume that dyadic interactions at bait sites have similar outcomes to those occurring under natural conditions, but this assumption has seldom been tested. I used aggressive interactions recorded during 1994–97 among marked mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) to compare dyadic relationships near an artificial salt lick with those observed under natural conditions. I also examined how observations recorded at the lick affected the structure of dominance matrices. The probability of winning an encounter was strongly and positively related to age, both under natural conditions and at the salt lick. The proportion of interactions that adult females lost to 2‐yr‐olds and the proportion won by the youngest individual among adult females, however, more than doubled at the salt lick compared to natural conditions. Two‐year‐old females were 22 times more likely to win interactions against 2‐yr‐old males at the lick than under natural conditions. A decrease in the directional consistency index revealed that the outcomes of repeated encounters of the same dyad were more inconsistent at the salt lick than elsewhere. When interactions recorded at the lick were added to female dominance matrices, the number of inconsistencies more than doubled and the strength of the inconsistencies increased 2–8 times compared to matrices restricted to interactions recorded under natural conditions. Interactions seen at the salt lick caused substantial changes in the hierarchical rank of individual goats. Because interaction rates were high and animals were very concentrated at the trap site, individual recognition may have been difficult, explaining the differences observed in dyadic relationships at the lick compared to natural conditions.