小麦和玉米叶片光合-蒸腾日变化耦合机理

植物叶片光合-蒸腾耦合是陆地生态系统碳-水耦合的基础.已有研究将叶片光合-蒸腾耦合笼统归因于气孔的共同控制作用,缺乏对其耦合机理的全面分析.选择华北地区大田作物冬小麦(C3)和夏玉米(C4)为研究对象,分别在小麦开花期和玉米拔节期选择典型晴天进行叶片光合蒸腾日变化观测(8:00-18:00).结果发现:1)光合速率(An)、蒸腾速率(Tr)以及光合有效辐射(PAR)、叶片表面温度(T)和气孔导度(gs)均表现出单峰日变化特征,峰值出现在正午前后;2)An-Tr具有极显著线性正相关关系(小麦和玉米的相关系数分别为0.75**和0.92**,回归直线斜率分别为1.99和3.62);3)PAR、T和gs与An和Tr有线性正相关关系;4)PAR-An与PAR-Tr、T-An与T-Tr、gs-An与gs-Tr的回归直线形态非常相似.分析认为:1)在光合-蒸腾耦合特征方面,C3作物小麦和C4作物玉米叶片光合-蒸腾都有明显的线性耦合关系,但两者的耦合关系特征存在明显差异,玉米的An-Tr线性回归斜率要明显大于小麦;2)在光合-蒸腾耦合机理方面,日变化中PAR、T和gs同时受太阳辐射调控与An、Tr发生趋向相同、形态相似且近似同步的变化,因此PAR-An与PAR-Tr、T-An与T-Tr、gs-An与gs-Tr具有形态相似的线性关系,这保证了在PAR、T和gs等调控因子发生较大变化的日变化过程中光合-蒸腾保持良好的线性耦合关系.     

光合作用-蒸腾作用-气孔导度的耦合模型及C_3植物叶片对环境因子的生理响应(英文)

以叶片的气体传输过程为基础,将蒸腾作用包括在以往光合作用气孔导度的耦合模型中,建立了光合作用蒸腾作用气孔导度的耦合模型。该模型可以模拟边界层导度对生理过程的影响。模拟了Ｃ３植物叶片对环境因子,如光照、温度、湿度、边界层导度和ＣＯ２浓度等的生理响应（光合作用、蒸腾作用、气孔导度）以及Ｃｉ和水分利用效率的变化。在环境因子变化于较大范围的情况下,模拟结果符合许多实验结论。     

香紫苏及其栽培技术

香紫苏,学名salvia sclarea L,别名莲座鼠尾草,南欧丹参。香紫苏是一种高产量的农作物,其鲜花和种子的深加工产品,具有较离的经济价值。香紫苏鲜花精油主要用于配制日用化妆品香精,也用于食品和制酒工业。种子油脂用于陶器和瓷器生产,花是很好的蜜源。香紫苏亩产鲜花450至600公斤,鲜花含油量因年份而不同。种植第一年、第三年较高,第二年略低。亩产精油量:第一年1.31至1.74公斤,第二年0.7至0.95公斤,第三年0.99至1.32公斤。亩产种子,直播四26.6公斤,移载田26.4公斤。香紫苏精油理化性质,色泽淡黄色或橙黄笆,相对密度(25℃)0.906～0.925,折见指     

光合作用—蒸腾作用—气孔导度的耦合模型及C3植物叶片对环境因子的生理 …

以叶片的气体传输过程为基础,将蒸腾作用包括在以往光合作用－气孔导度的耦合模型中,建立了光合作用－蒸腾作用－气孔导度的耦合模型。该模型可以模拟边界层导度对生理过程的影响。模拟了Ｃ３植物叶片对环境因子,如光照、温度、湿度、边界层导度和ＣＯ２浓度等的生理响应（光合作用、蒸腾作用、气孔导度）以及Ｃｉ和水分利用效率的变化。在环境因子变化于较大范围的情况下,模拟结果符合许多实验结论。     

长白山树木蒸腾和气孔阻力的日变化

1.多种树木蒸腾在清晨上升过程中有一个小的下降,而在傍晚蒸腾下降过程中又有一个小的回升;2.和低海拔处的同属树种相比,高山树种蒸腾强烈而气孔阻力终日低下,且此低气孔阻力与高光合能力相联系;3.叶片离体几分钟内蒸腾强度持续下降而看不到突然上升现象。     

干旱胁迫对香紫苏生理特性和光合特性的影响研究

目的:研究土壤干旱胁迫对香紫苏生理特性和光合特性的影响.方法:以香紫苏(Salvia sclarea L)的功能叶为研究对象,分实验组和对照组进行盆栽实验,在随后的5天中,分别测定两组香紫苏叶片中脯氨酸、丙二醛和叶绿素的含量,同时测定并分析蒸腾速率、气孔导度、净光合速率、细胞间隙CO2浓度的变化情况.结果:随着干旱胁迫程度的加重,香紫苏叶片内脯氨酸的含量总体趋势增加,与干旱胁迫的时间正相关;而叶片中丙二醛的含量变化不明显;干旱胁迫时,叶片内叶绿素的含量升高,在第四天时达到最大值,随干旱胁迫的加重,叶绿素含量又呈下降的趋势.其蒸腾速率变化曲线呈双峰型,随干旱时间的延长,蒸腾速率明显下降;香紫苏气孔导度变化曲线为单峰型,当干旱胁迫加重时,香紫苏气孔导度下降明显,气孔导度与胞间CO2浓度呈负相关,净光合速率变化与气孔导度变化曲线较为一致.结论:香紫苏生理因子和光合作用对干旱胁迫有一定的适应能力,但重度胁迫会对其造成严重影响.     

香紫苏醇及其类似物生物转化的研究

综述了香紫苏醇及其类似物生物转化所用的生物源(细菌、真菌和动物)、菌株的转化能力、微生物氧化香紫苏醇的反应部位及引入的官能团的研究进展,评述了其发展前景。     

田间大豆叶片光合作用与活性氧清除酶的日变化

开花期大豆叶片光合速率（Pn）在晴天中午伴随气孔导度（Gs）下降而降低,而叶温（TL）、光呼吸速率（Pr）以及Pr／Pn比值在中午前后明显上升。胞间CO2浓度（Ci）在上午下降,之后则逐渐增加。在最高光量子通量密度（PFD）低于1．2mmol·m-2·s-1的多云天气,大豆叶片Pn与Pr的日变化依赖于PFD、Ci与Pr／Pn比值在一天中基本恒定。晴天与多云天气大豆叶片细胞活性氧清除系统的超氧物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氨酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）与抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ASA－POD）活性均出现明显的日变化,中午前后酶活性明显增加。文中讨论了大豆叶片细胞活性氧清除酶系统日变化的适应性意义。     

树种蒸腾作用、光合作用和蒸腾效率的比较研究

 各树种在年生长季不同测期的蒸腾速率日进程曲线一般呈单峰型。蒸腾速率与环境因子的相关性大小依次为：光照强度、气温、相对湿度和大气水势。蒸腾速率日变化一般可用具有光照因子的优化模型(即光照型、光温型、光湿型和光温湿型)来模拟。年生长季树种蒸腾速率(g·g-1LD·h-1)排序由大到小为：柠条(0.9269±0.2089)(平均值±标准差,以下同)、小叶杨(0.7177±0.2410)、河北杨(0.6256±0.1609)和北京杨(0.6007±0.2749);净光合速率(mgCO2·g-1LD·h-1)排序自高至低为：柠条(14.5949±4.6627)、小叶杨(13.4055±2.9994)、河北杨(13.2569±4.3531)和北京杨(11.6989±2.5884);蒸腾效率(gDM·g-1H2O)排序由高至低为：北京杨(1.41％±0.42％)、河北杨(1.35％±0.36％)、小叶杨(1.26％±0.23％)和柠条(1.00％±0.27％)。     

沙柳光合作用和蒸腾作用日动态变化的初步研究

沙柳是毛乌素沙地流动沙丘和固定沙丘上广泛分布的重要固沙植物。叶片的光合速率呈现出不规则的日动态变化 ,在 1 0 :0 0～ 1 1 :0 0及 1 4 :0 0出现光合午休现象。蒸腾速率呈现出单峰型的日动态变化 ,蒸腾在午后 1 5:0 0达到最大。水分利用效率在早晨 9:0 0后保持在 2～ 2 .5μmol CO2 · mmol-1 H2 O左右。叶片水分亏缺也表现出规律性的变化。从早晨开始 ,叶片水分亏缺逐渐增大 ,在 1 8:0 0达到最大值。比较生长季节的不同时期环境因子的变化情况表明 ,春末的光照强度和气温比夏末高 ,但土壤水分含量则相反。沙柳在春末的光合速率、蒸腾速率分别是夏末的 79%和 72 .4% ,表明水分亏缺是影响沙柳生长发育的主要限制因素。沙柳在不同季节对水分的不同利用特点是对环境胁迫的弹性适应     

桂花不同花期蒸腾作用和光合作用日变化研究

对不同花期桂花的光合作用、蒸腾作用日变化及二者与环境因子的相互作用进行研究.结果表明:处于不同花期的桂花净光合速率日变化为典型的双峰曲线,有明显的"午休"现象;蒸腾速率日变化总体趋势是先升高后降低.盛花期桂花净光合速率(Pn)最大,蒸腾作用最强,而且蒸腾作用的日变化最大.水分利用率最高.气孔导度与光合速率呈显著的正相关.叶面温度、光照强度、水蒸气压浓度差与蒸腾速率有明显正相关性.     

香紫苏叶片表面微区元素成分分析研究

目的:对药用植物和香料植物香紫苏叶片表面结构进行观察,同时对叶片表面的元素种类和含量进行分析。方法:利用Quanta 200扫描电镜对香紫苏叶片表面进行观察,利用EDAX-9100能谱仪对选定区域进行元素种类和含量的线扫描和面扫描分析。结果:香紫苏叶片表面被覆大量表皮毛,且香紫苏叶片表皮毛中的C、O和K元素含量明显高于其他部位,其他元素分布则比较均匀。结论:电子探针可以快速对叶片表面特定区域以及特殊结构进行元素种类和含量分析。     

Photosynthesis and water-use characteristics in Indian mangroves

Photosynthesis and water efflux were measured in different PAR and stomatal conductance in members of Avicenniaceae and Rhizophoraceae. Trend of leaf temperature with irradiance and its effect on photosynthesis were also estimated. In most of the studied species, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance followed similar trends with increase in irradiance. The rate of net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were higher in members of Avicenniaceae than in Rhizophoraceae. In Avicenniaceae, the optimum PAR for maximum photosynthesis ranged between 1340–1685 (μmol m^-2s^-1, which was also higher than that of Rhizophoraceae (840-1557 μmol m^-2s^-1). Almost in all the studied taxa, transpiration and stomatal conductance followed similar trends and reached the maximal peaks at the same PAR value. The range of breakeven leaf temperature was almost the same in both the families (34-36°C in Avicenniaceae and 33.5-36.3°C in Rhizophoraceae), beyond which assimilation rate declined.     

Photosynthesis of Hedera Canariensis var. Azorica Variegated Leaves as Affected by Ozone

A differential response to long-term ozone exposures (50 and 100 mm3 m-3) was observed in the green and white areas of variegated leaves of Hedera canariensis var. azorica L. In green tissue the photosynthetic activity was depressed via a stomatal mechanism, and in white regions no effect was observed. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters remained unchanged in green portions, whereas in the white ones Fm and Fv/Fm significantly diminished following ozone fumigation.     

Gas exchange in leaves of the root hemiparasitemelampyrum arvense L. before and after attachment to the host plant

Gas exchange characteristics of a hemiparasiteMelampyrum arvense L. before and after attachment to the hostCapsella bursa pastoris (L.) Med. were compared. The net photosynthetic rates (P_N) on a leaf area basis were extremely low and in comparison to the value obtained for the host were about 15 % and 23 % for the unattached and attached hemiparasite, respectively. Also the concentration of photosynthetic pigments was low (as compared with the host the content of chlorophylls was about 33 % and 49 % and of carotenoids about 38 % and 36 % in the unattached and attached hemiparasite, respectively). On the other hand the rates of respiration were high (about 1.8 and 2.6 times higher in the unattached and attached hemiparasite, respectively, than in the host). In darkness stomatal conductance (g_S) of the host and the unattached hemiparasite was rapidly reduced to 10 % of the value obtained in light, g_S of the attached hemiparasite was decreased only by about 30%. A total reduction of g_S occurred at relative water content (RWC) of 85 %, 75% and 45 % for the unattached hemiparasite, the host, and the attached hemiparasite, respectively. The transpiration (E) rate in the preparasitic stage was very low, being 2.6 and 4.5 times smaller than in the host and the attached hemiparasite, respectively. In the attached hemiparasite WUE was 7.5 and 3 times poorer than in the host and in the preparasitic stage, respectively.     

水分亏缺对冬小麦净光合速率影响程度研究

水分亏缺对冬小麦净光合速率影响程度研究王慧（西北大学城市与资源学系,西安７１００６９）ＥｆｆｅｃｔｏｆＷａｔｅｒＤｅｆｉｃｉｔｏｎＮｅｔＰｈｏｔｏｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓＲａｔｅｏｆＷｉｎｔｅｒＷｈｅａｔ．ＷａｎｇＨｕｉ（ＤｅｐａｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＵｒｂａｎ...     

鱼腥草光合蒸腾特性及影响因素的分析

在自然条件下,对鱼腥草叶片光合蒸腾特性测定结果表明,其净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(T r)日变化曲线均为“单峰”型,峰值出现在13:00左右.相关分析表明,与鱼腥草Pn和T r有显著或极显著相关关系的环境因子为光量子通量密度(PFD)和相对湿度(RH),生理因子为气孔导度(G s)和叶片温度(T l).环境因子对光合蒸腾的回归分析和通径分析结果表明,PFD和C a是Pn的主要影响因子,而PFD和T a则是T r的主要影响因子.     

Relationships Between Nitrogen Content and Net Gas Exchange Components of a Cotton Leaf During Ontogeny

Relationships between leaf nitrogen (N) content and leaf gas exchange components of a single cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaf subtending the fruit during ontogeny were investigated under field conditions. A 20-d old leaf exhibited the highest physiological activity characterized by net photosynthetic (PN) and transpiration (E) rates, stomatal conductances to CO2 exchange (gsCO2) and water vapor transfer (gsH2O), and nitrogen (N) content. With the advent of leaf senescence, the gas exchange rates declined as exhibited by the 30-, 40-, and 60-d old leaves. Regression analysis indicated close relationships between gsCO2 and PN, and gsH2O and E as the leaves advanced towards senescence. Both PN and gsCO2 were related to N as they declined with leaf age. Thus, the declines in PN were associated with stomatal closure and removal of N during leaf ontogeny.     

Photosynthesis and water-use efficiency of some mangroves from Sundarbans, India

We studied seasonal fluctuations in the rates of photosynthesis, transpiration, PAR, and stomatal conductance for 16 species of true mangroves from the Sundarbans region of West Bengal. Soil salinity and pH were also measured. Leaf temperatures were almost always higher than the ambient temperature. We observed considerable seasonal (summer vs winter) as well as interspecific variations in photosynthesis, with the highest rates occurring inHeritiera fomes (13.21 pmol m^-2s^-1) andAvicennia marina (11.8 mol m^-2s^-1), and the lowest inNypa fruticans (1.56 mol m^-2s^-1) andCeriops decandra (2.32 pmol m^-2s^-1), in many species, an abrupt rise in leaf temperature retarded the photosyn-thetic process. In winter, the rate of transpiration and stomatal conductance reached their maxima inA. marina (4.83 mmol ra^-2s^-1 and 124.23 m mol m^-2s^-1, respectively) and their mimima inExcoecaria agallocha (1.85 mmol m^-2s^-1 and 49.19 mmol m^-2s^-1, respectively). In contrast, the maximum summer readings were recorded in E.agallocha (6.07 mmol m^-2s^-1 and 192.74 mmol m^-2s^-1 respectively).     

Photosynthesis and Growth Responses of Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch to Soil Water Availability

Photosynthesis and growth characteristics of Parthenocissus quinquefolia were measured under differing soil water availability within a pot. Decreased soil moisture significantly reduced the leaf relative water content (RWC) and the above- and below-ground biomass. However, more biomass was allocated to the root than to the leaf. Net photosynthetic rate (P _N), stomatal conductance (g _s), and transpiration rate (E) were also significantly decreased but water use efficiency (WUE) was increased. Midday depressions in P _N and g _s were not evident for the well-irrigated plants. With the lower water availability, midday reductions in P _N and g _s were much more marked and the duration of the depression was longer. Additionally, the P _N-irradiance response curves also indicated that water supply affected photosynthesis capacity. The growth and photosynthetic response of P. quinquefolia to water supply indicated that this species could resilient to water availabilities and adapt to Hunshandak conditions very well.