高产Monacolin K红曲菌株的复合诱变选育

利用紫外线和氯化锂对一株紫红曲Monascus purpureus菌株进行复合诱变试验。在最佳紫外照射时间为45s和最佳氯化锂浓度为1.0‰的情况下,获得了一株MonacolinK高产突变菌株Monascus purpureus ZT32且连续传接5代产量稳定,用紫外分光光度法检测其MonacolinK的含量为219.9μg/mL,较原始菌株高出2倍多,然后将其用于固态发酵,结果表明:红曲米中的MonacolinK的含量达到8.33mg/g,是原始菌株的3.3倍。     

红曲菌转化库中部分突变子的次级代谢产物分析

本文采用TLC、HPLC、ELISA等方法测定了12株红曲转化子MonacolinK、γ-氨基丁酸和桔霉素的含量。结果表明,与出发菌株P-4相比,突变株产次级代谢产物的能力都发生了不同程度的变化。8株突变菌株红曲的MonacolinK含量高于P-4,其中1121#的MonacolinK含量约为P-4的10倍,分别为542.13μg/g和58.65μg/g;GABA含量方面,以779#制备的红曲GABA含量最高,达1.165g/Kg,约为P-4的3倍;由167#制备的红曲的桔霉素含量最高,为65.71ng/g,而2107#与779#制备的红曲的桔霉素含量在实验条件下未检测到。     

高产降胆固醇活性物质的红曲霉菌种选育研究

红曲霉出发菌株经紫外线 (UV)、硫酸二乙酯 (DES)、氯化锂 (LiCl)等诱变剂反复诱变处理 ,获得供试红曲霉菌株 10株。用薄层层析法初筛得到可能产MonacolinK的菌株 4株 ,再经高效液相色谱法对初筛菌株进一步进行检测 ,证实其中 3株具有较强的产MonacolinK能力 ,特别是诱变株M7的含量与出发菌株相比提高了 4 1倍     

一株高产洛伐他汀红曲霉的筛选与液态发酵条件优化

【背景】洛伐他汀(lovastatin)是红曲霉的次生代谢产物,是重要的临床用降血脂药物。在液态发酵条件下,红曲霉的洛伐他汀产量较低,难以满足工业化生产的要求。【目的】筛选获得一株高产洛伐他汀的红曲霉株,并通过优化液态发酵条件提高洛伐他汀的产量。【方法】从红曲米中筛选获得一株高产洛伐他汀的红曲霉株,依据形态学特征、生理生化特性及18S rRNA基因序列分析对分离菌株进行鉴定;通过响应面法对其产洛伐他汀的液态发酵条件进行优化。【结果】获得一株产洛伐他汀的紫红曲霉(Monascus purpureus M4),该菌在甘油57.80g/L、酵母浸粉5.52 g/L、接种量为6.90%条件下,洛伐他汀产量(173.60 mg/L)较优化前提高了4.8倍。【结论】菌株M4产洛伐他汀最优液态发酵条件的建立,为洛伐他汀的大规模生产及该菌株的工业化应用提供了技术支撑。     

一株高产Monacolin K紫红曲霉菌株筛选、鉴定及发酵条件优化

为从天然发酵红曲米中分离的30株红曲霉菌株中筛选高产MonacolinK的菌株,并对其产MonacolinK的发酵条件进行优化。实验采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)筛选到9株具有产MonacolinK能力的红曲霉菌株,其中以编号ZX26的菌株产MonacolinK能力最高,发酵液中Monacolin K产量达到107.6mg/L,并且产MonacolinK能力具有良好的稳定性。微生物形态学结合ITS基因同源性分析结果表明,编号ZX26菌株为紫红曲霉。进一步采用单因素试验和正交试验法优化紫红曲霉ZX26产MonacolinK的发酵条件,结果表明在培养基组分为葡萄糖70g/L,牛肉膏15g/L,NaNO32g/L,MgSO4·7H2O0.5g/L,KH2PO41.5g/L时,其最优发酵条件为:发酵初始pH4.0,接种量为7%,培养温度30℃,发酵10天,在此条件下,紫红曲霉ZX26发酵液中MonacolinK产量达到271.36mg/L,相对于培养条件优化前MonacolinK产量提高152.19%,经验证此培养条件下MonacolinK产量最佳。     

新型抗生素AGPM产生菌藤黄灰链霉菌的诱变育种

从土壤中分离得到一株藤黄灰链霉菌的新菌株099,该菌株能产生一种具有显抗肿瘤活性的新型抗生素AGPM。产生菌经紫外线单因子诱变、紫外线加氯化锂(LiCl)复合诱变等两种诱变方式诱变处理后,其AGPM产量达到了18．7μg/mL,较出发菌株提高了1．2倍。研究发现最忧的紫外辐射时间和氯化锂浓度分别是30-60s和0.05-0.09mol/L,并且由于氯化锂的协同效应,菌株在经氯化锂处理后,对紫外线的敏感性明显增强了。30L发酵罐发酵试验表明,利用高产突变株发酵,AGPM产量能达到18．5μg/mL;而利用出发菌株发酵,AGM产量仅为8．5μg/mL。     

高产莫纳可林K低产桔霉素红曲霉菌株的筛选和发酵条件初步优化

采集全国各地红曲霉制品中的红曲霉资源,经分离获278株红曲霉菌株。高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定各菌株发酵液中莫纳可林K(Monacolin K)和桔霉素含量,筛选获1株Monacolin K产量较高、桔霉素含量较低的红曲霉菌株编号为M-22。依据形态特征和ITS基因序列,参照红曲霉属分类检索表,鉴定M-22菌株为紫色红曲霉(Monascus purpureus)。通过摇瓶发酵对温度、初始pH、碳源、氮源、碳氮比(C/N)等因素进行优化,确定M-22菌株摇瓶发酵产Monacolin K适宜条件为发酵温度26℃、初始pH 5.0、转速160 r/min,甘油为碳源、蛋白胨为氮源、碳氮比(C/N)为5:1,Monacolin K产量显著提高,最高为107.16 mg/L。以优化的发酵条件对M-22菌株进行5 L发酵罐发酵,发酵液中Monacolin K产量最高为189.83 mg/L,桔霉素含量32.53μg/L,红曲色素色价为16.38 U/m L。     

新型抗生素AGPM产生菌藤黄灰链霉菌的诱变育种*

从土壤中分离得到一株藤黄灰链霉菌的新菌株 0 99,该菌株能产生一种具有显著抗肿瘤活性的新型抗生素AGPM。产生菌经紫外线单因子诱变、紫外线加氯化锂 (LiCl)复合诱变等两种诱变方式诱变处理后 ,其AGPM产量达到了 1 8 7μg/mL ,较出发菌株提高了 1 2倍。研究发现最优的紫外辐射时间和氯化锂浓度分别是 30～ 6 0s和 0 0 5～ 0 0 9mol/L ,并且由于氯化锂的协同效应 ,菌株在经氯化锂处理后 ,对紫外线的敏感性明显增强了。 30L发酵罐发酵试验表明 ,利用高产突变株发酵 ,A     

荧光物质(MFA、MFB)的分离、结构鉴定及金华地区高产菌株的筛选

采用硅胶柱层析及制备型液相色谱仪对红曲米中两种荧光物质进行分离纯化,使用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测荧光物质纯度,然后使用高分辨质谱(ESI-HRMS)对两种荧光物质进行分析,得到两种荧光物质的分子量分别为356和384,ESI-MS/MS二级质谱把两者鉴定为monasfluore A (MFA)和monasfluore B (MFB);从金华地区红曲米中分离得到10株红曲菌株,经固态发酵采用HPLC法分析,筛选获得1株高产MFA、MFB的菌株WZWZ,该菌株发酵制得红曲米中MFA含量为3.63 g/kg,MFB含量为7.29 g/kg,对WZWZ菌株进行外观形态学及显微观察、ITS基因序列测定与分析,最终将菌株WZWZ鉴定为紫色红曲霉(Monascus purpureus)。     

氯化锂诱变选育3-羟基丙酸高产菌株

本文以实验室筛选得到的翰逊德巴利酵母菌(Debaryomyces hansenii)DH01为出发菌株,利用氯化锂诱变选育3-羟基丙酸(3HP)产量高并且可以用于实际生产的突变株。经过两轮氯化锂诱变,筛选得到一株产酸量较高的菌株wt06。在培养温度为28℃,120 r/min的条件下,经过48 h培养后,该菌株3HP的产量最高达到23.70 g/L,是原始菌株产量的5.44倍,且该菌株具有良好的遗传稳定性。     

Structured modeling of a microbial system: I. A theoretical study of lactic acid fermentation

Most fermentation models presented in the literature are unstructured, i.e., the biomass composition is assumed constant during all operating conditions. These models are unable to simulate experiments carried out at widely different operating conditions. It is therefore interesting to examine simple structured models where knowledge of the cell physiology is taken into account in the modeling phase. In this article, a simple structured model is presented. The model is based on experimental work with the lactic acid bacteria Streptococcus cremoris, but due to the similarities in basic metabolism for many microorganisms it is applicable also for other fermentation system. The basic assumption in the model is that the biomass can be divided into two parts (compartments)-an active part and a mainly inactive structural part. The size of the active part has a pivotal role in the model.     

丙酸絮凝发酵新工艺研究

报道了丙酸发酵的一种新工艺:絮凝发酵工艺。采用谢氏丙酸杆菌(Propionibacterium shermanii)W125在批次发酵产酸达到29g/L的基础上,选择氢氧化钙作为中和剂兼絮凝剂,建立了絮凝半连续发酵工艺,连续运行250h,产酸量达到了35.4g/L,产酸率提高了22%,糖酸转化率达到了51.56%,体积效率达到了0.37g/(L/h)。     

重组巴斯德毕赤酵母高密度发酵表达植酸酶

对巴斯德毕赤酵母的高密度发酵条件进行了试验,并根据摇瓶发酵的优化结果进行了补料方式的研究。在摇瓶发酵时,最佳种龄为16h,接种量为3％,甲醇的诱导浓度为15g／L,生长阶段最适pH为5．0,诱导阶段最适pH为5．5。在间歇补料、恒速补料、变速补料三种补料方式中以变速流加最优。     

Relevance of microbial coculture fermentations in biotechnology

The purpose of this article is to review coculture fermentations in industrial biotechnology. Examples for the advantageous utilization of cocultures instead of single cultivations include the production of bulk chemicals, enzymes, food additives, antimicrobial substances and microbial fuel cells. Coculture fermentations may result in increased yield, improved control of product qualities and the possibility of utilizing cheaper substrates. Cocultivation of different micro‐organisms may also help to identify and develop new biotechnological substances. The relevance of coculture fermentations and the potential of improving existing processes as well as the production of new chemical compounds in industrial biotechnology are pointed out here by means of more than 35 examples.     

Optimization of a two-stage recombinant fermentation process: the dilution rate effect

The effects of dilution rates on the performance of a two-stage fermentation system for a recombinant Escherichia coli culture were studied. Dilution rate determines the apparent or averaged specific growth rate of a heterogeneous population of cells in the recombinant culture. The specific growht rate affects the genetic parameters involved in product formation in the second stage, such as plasmid stability, plasmid content, and specific gene expression rate. Kinetic models and correlations were developed for these parameters based on experimental data. Simulations of plasmid stability in the first stage showed that for longer fermentation periods, plasmid stability is better at higher dilution rates. However, the plasmid content is lower at these dilution rates. The optimal apparent specific growth rate for maximum productivity in the second stage was determined using two methods: (1) direct search for a constant specific growth rate, and (2) dynamic optimization using the maximum principle for a time-dependent specific growth rate profile. The results of the calculations showed that the optimum constant apparent specific growth rate for maximum over-all productivity is 0.40 h(-1). This coincides with the optimal specific growht rate for maximum plasmid content in the expressed stage. A 3.5% increase in overall productivity can be obtained by using a linear time dependent apparent specific growth rate control, mu(2)(t) = 0.0007t, in the course of the fermentation time.     

Mathematical model of self-cycling fermentation

This article presents a mathematical model for biomass, limiting substrate, and dissolved oxygen concentrations during stable operation of self-cycling fermentation (SCF). Laboratory experiments using the bacterium Acinetobacter calcoaceticus RAG-1 and ethanol as the limiting substrate were performed to validate the model. A computer simulation developed from the model successfully matched experimental SCF intracycle trends and end-of-cycle results and, most importantly, settled into an unimposed periodicity characteristic of stable SCF operation. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Optimization of an industrial microalgae fermentation

Optimization of cellular productivity of an industrial microalgae fermentation was investigated. The fermentation was carried out at Coors Biotech Products Company, Fort Collins, Colorado. A mathematical model was developed based on the data collected from pilot plant test runs at different operating conditions. Pontryagin's maximum principle was used for determining the optimal feed policy. A feedback control algorithm was also studied for maximizing the cellular productivity. During continuous operation, the optimum dilution rate was determined by an adaptive optimization scheme based on the steepest descent technique and a recursive least squares estimation of model parameters. A direct search algorithm was also applied to determine the optimum feed rate. Comparison of the theoretical results of the different optimization schemes revealed that the direct search algorithm was preferable because of its simplicity. The experimental results of real time application of the feedback algorithm agreed fairly well with those of the theoretical analyses. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.