我国生物制造分离过程技术与装备研究进展

<正>生物产物的分离与纯化是生物制造过程的重要单元,关系生化产品的质量与制造成本。大多数生化产品需要综合利用多个分离纯化技术才能确保终端产品质量达标。近年来,我国在相关介质、技术和装备的研究与应用方面取得了长足进步。文章针对生物大分子蛋白、生物乙醇和丁醇、发酵调味品、1,3-丙二醇、呈味核苷酸二钠等典型生物发酵产品的分离纯化。重点介绍了我国近年     

分离纯化对蛋白质活性的影响

在分离纯化中,蛋白质或多或少的受到与生理条件极不相同的溶液环境的有害影响。此影响也是蛋白质纯化过程中的一个最大问题之一。因而,在蛋白质的具体纯化过程中分析其活性受影响的主要因素以及采取一些相应的措施来对蛋白质的活性进行保护,只有这样才能提高蛋白质的纯度和活性回收率,降低生产成本,保证产品质量。     

制备型高效液相色谱法分离蛋白质的研究

生物工程的发展,特别是生化制品下游处理技术的兴起,对现代分离科学提出了更高的要求,研究和开发各类生化物质特别是活性生物大分子的分离纯化技术,已成为一项十分重要的研究课题。在现有的分离技术中,液相色谱,尤其是80年代在分析型高效液相色谱(HPLC)基础上兴起的制备型HPLC,在大规模分离纯化生物活性物质特别是蛋白质方面已显示出巨大的应用潜力,引起了各国研究者的高度重视^[1-5].本文利用自行设计的制备型HPLC分离装置,对牛血清白蛋白(BAS)和牛血清红蛋白(HG)的制备分离过程进行了实验研究,着重考虑了流动流速、柱超载方式、柱长等因素对BAS和HG分离度的影响。     

α_1-抗胰蛋白酶的分离纯化及应用研究进展

α_1-抗胰蛋白酶为人血浆中微量蛋白,其浓缩制剂在临床上具有治疗肺气肿等疾病的确切疗效．综述了近来α_1-抗胰蛋白酶分离纯化工艺和应用研究的进展,结合生化分离纯化技术的发展,讨论了该产品制备新工艺的开发方向．     

生命科学中的糖蛋白

论述了糖蛋白的组成,结构、在生命过程中的主要功能以及从各种活细胞中提取、分离、纯化蛋白的新观点、新方法,对糖蛋白在生命过程中的重要意义和在食品、生化、医药工业中的应用前景作了详细的讨论。     

沼气发酵菌株的分离与性质分析

目的：从沼气发酵菌群出发,尝试简便易行的分离纯化甲烷菌新方法。方法：利用Hungate滚管法和反复研究的包埋产气法,对甲烷菌分离纯化及初步鉴定,并对分离菌株性质进行分析。结果：分离得到甲烷菌菌株,并对所分离菌株进行生理生化分析、染色及荧光观察、产气量及产气成分测定。     

2007年生物产业技术研讨会筹备工作已全面展开

在生物技术产品生产中,分离纯化技术对生物技术产品的形态。收率和成本起着越来越重要的作用。在以小分子为主的传统发酵工业中,分离成本占总成本的60％左右。而在现代基因工程产品中,分离成本高达90%。因此分离纯化技术在生物技术产业化中起着十分重要的作用。为推动生物产业中应用技术的进步与发展,化学工业出版社和中国生物工程学会决定于2007年举办以工业生物技术及分离纯化技术为主题的专题研讨会。在邀请国内外知名专家作报告的同时,为科研院校（所）及企业提供交流与展示的平台。     

糖的生化学术讨论会

中国生化学会于1982年11月16—20日在青岛召开了糖的生化学术讨论会。来自全国35个单位的72名代表出席了会议。在会上报告的论文共49篇,内容包括微生物多糖的分离、纯化、组分、结构和应用的研究;糖蛋白、凝集素的分离纯化性质;糖苷酶分离的研究等。这些报告反映出我国目前在糖     

不同地区浆水菜中可培养乳酸菌的组成分析

从陕西、河南地区采集浆水菜样品,经分离培养从中分离纯化出62株乳酸菌,经菌落形态观测、革兰氏染色、生化特性分析以及16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析和系统发育树构建等方法,对其种属进行鉴定。结果表明:分离纯化的62株乳酸菌的16S rRNA基因序列分别能以较高的相似性(99%),比对乳酸杆菌属的3个已知菌种:植物乳杆菌、短乳杆菌和类布氏乳杆菌。经比较分析,不同地区浆水样品中可培养乳酸菌的种类近似,但在比例和数量上稍有不同。本研究揭示了不同地区浆水中可培养乳酸菌的组成,为其中微生物资源的发掘及工业生产提供了研究依据。     

试论提取分离纯化技术于制药过程的应用

当前社会飞速发展,科学技术取得了显著的发展成果,并且很好地应用于大众民生。医学临床诊疗过程中,需要用到先进的药物提纯技术,这就是对于医学科技的很好应用。本文将结合现实情况之下提取分离纯化技术在制药过程中的应用,更好地探讨分析整一个的技术应用,阐述其价值。结合蛋白质的提取分离纯化技术,来更好地分析其在制药过程中的应用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.