白灵侧耳(白灵菇)种质资源评价

白灵侧耳(白灵菇)Pleurotus nebrodensis是近年来开发利用的珍稀食用菌,产于我国新疆,在我国已大面积栽培。目前,国内报道的白灵侧耳菌种较多,相互引种并各自命名,往往会出现许多同种异名,因此,给白灵侧耳的育种和利用带来不便,为此,我们对从国内收集的8个白灵侧耳菌种进行了拮抗、菌丝体生长和出菇比较评价。 1材料和方法 1.1 供试菌株 供试的8个Pleurotus nebrodensis菌种均引自国内科研和菌种生产单位,编号分别为:Pn1、Pn2、Pn3、Pn4、Pn5、Pn6、Pn7、Pn8。 1.2 方法 1.2.1拮抗试验: 培养基为加富PDA平板培养基。在同一平板培养基…     

香菇菌株分子鉴别技术的分辨率比较

本研究运用酯酶同工酶、RAPD、IGS1和IGS24种方法鉴别2个野生香菇菌株和19个栽培香菇菌株,并比较这4种鉴别方法的分辨率,结果表明:16条酯酶同工酶带中有15条具有多态性,将21个供试菌株分成11个类型,分辨率为0.92;10个随机扩增引物共扩增出86个DNA片段,其中95.3%具有多态性,将21个供试菌株分成16个类型,分辨率为0.97;IGS1将21个供试菌株分成7个类型,分辨率为0.81;IGS2将21个供试菌株分成7个类型,分辨率为0.73。这4种鉴别方法中RAPD的分辨率最高,与这4种鉴别方法的综合分析结果相同,因此RAPD可以作为香菇菌株鉴别的可靠依据。     

新疆野生阿魏蘑的IGS2-RFLP及培养特征多样性分析

对28个新疆野生阿魏蘑样本进行IGS2-RFLP分析和双核体培养特征多样性分析。IGS2-RFLP分析结果表明,3种限制性内切酶共产生的多态性条带比率（PPB）为96.4%,总样本的Shannon信息指数（I）和Nei’s基因多样性指数（H）分别为0.364和0.230,平均相似系数0.665,表明其具有丰富的遗传多样性。在相似系数0.36水平上,UPGMA聚类分析将供试样本分为白灵侧耳和刺芹侧耳阿魏变种两个种群,且白灵侧耳的遗传多样性更为丰富。双核体培养特征多样性分析结果表明,供试样本间在最适生长温度、温度敏感性以及菌落形态等培养特征上具明显差异,基于UPGMA聚类分析大致将供试的野生阿魏蘑样本分为菌丝生长快、菌落形态舒展和菌丝生长慢、菌落局限两大组。双核体培养特征聚类与IGS2-RFLP分析聚类存在一定相关关系,培养特征有可能作为野生阿魏蘑种质鉴定的白灵侧耳的检出标志。     

IGS2-RFLP、SCoT和ISSR在白灵侧耳遗传多样性分析中的比较研究

应用IGS2-RFLP、SCoT和ISSR标记分析新疆5个采集地点的28个白灵侧耳野生样本的遗传多样性,比较这3种分子标记在白灵侧耳种质资源遗传多样性研究中的效用。结果显示,IGS2-RFLP的3个内切酶、5个SCoT引物、5个ISSR引物分别检测到42、59和77条多态性条带,多态性比率分别为91.3%、92.4%和92.8%。3种标记检测出的有效等位基因数(ne)和位点平均的预期杂合度(Hep)没有显著性差异。表明3种标记都适宜作为遗传学标记对白灵侧耳野生种质进行多样性分析。多态性检测效率最高的标记为ISSR,E=15.4,Ai=23.4,其次为IGS2-RFLP,E=14.0,Ai=22.4,SCoT则为最低,E=11.8,Ai=18.2。3种标记中,SCoT和ISSR标记的聚类结果极其相似,且均能较为准确地反映样本的地理来源,虽然二者的聚类图不完全相同。IGS2-RFLP的标记效率较高,准确性和可重复性最好,可用于菌株标准图谱的制作,更适用于品种权保护中的菌株鉴定鉴别;SCoT和ISSR标记的多态性高,信息量大,评价范围广,则更适用于白灵侧耳种质资源的遗传多样性研究。     

不同环境条件对白灵侧耳菌丝生长的影响

对白灵侧耳(Pleurotus nebrodensis)菌丝生长适宜的温度、培养料含水量、pH值进行了研究。结果表明,白灵侧耳菌丝生长的适宜温度范围为22~28℃,最适温度28℃;培养料适宜绝对含水量65%~75%,最适绝对含水量75%;适宜pH值为5.02~7.24,最适pH值5.79。     

北京地区白灵菇菌株的RAPD分析

目的：对北京地区白灵菇（Pleurotus eryngii var.nebrodensis）菌株的遗传多样性进行分析。方法：应用60条RAPD随机引物对供试的18个白灵菇菌株的基因组进行扩增。结果：筛选出12条引物,可扩增出180个清晰、稳定的DNA条带;聚类分析表明,在相似系数0.890水平时,可将18个供试菌株分为3大类。结论：利用RAPD技术成功的揭示了北京地区白灵菇菌株的遗传多样性,为白灵菇的遗传育种提供理论依据。     

毛木耳种质资源的RAPD分析

利用22个随机引物对来源不同的56个木耳菌株进行了RAPD分析。结果表明,所有引物的扩增产物DNA片段均表现出明显的多态性,供试菌株总共扩增出164条多态性片段,占总扩增片段的99%;供试菌株两两间的遗传相似系数变化较大(平均GS值0.2143￣0.8764)。采用系统聚类法中的类平均法,对供试的所有菌株两两间相似系数进行聚类,可将它们分为四大类,各大类的类间和类内菌株的遗传变异程度较大,以IV类内各菌株间的最高(平均GS值0.3891),II和III类间的最低(平均GS值0.5887),表明遗传变异也较丰富(总平均GS值0.4918)。将RAPD技术应用于不同菌株间遗传差异的研究,具有反应迅速、不受外界环境条件影响、能从DNA分子水平上揭示菌株间遗传差异等优点,是一种快速准确评估木耳种质资源的有效方法。     

白灵侧耳不亲和性因子分析

<正>白灵侧耳Pleurotus nebrodensis(Inzenga)Quél.自然生长在枯死或半枯死的多年生阿魏Ferulasinkiangensis K.M.Shen根茎上(卯晓岚2000),在我国自然分布在新疆塔城、托里、阿尔泰、青河、木垒等地的山地、山前平原、冲积扇的阿魏滩上(贾身茂和秦淼2006)。白灵侧耳自驯化成功以来,作     

白灵侧耳(白灵菇)交配系统特性的研究

通过连锁分析对白灵侧耳(白灵菇)交配系统特性进行了研究,结果表明:白灵侧耳的交配系统由A、B两对不亲和性因子构成,A、B不连锁,其中A因子由独立的1个亚基构成,B因子由2个遗传距离为1cM的α、β亚基构成;供试的双核菌株及其4个交配型基准株A1B1、A2B2、A1B2和A2B1的菌丝生长最适宜温度分别为26.1℃、26.9℃、25.9℃、26.4℃和25.4℃。     

阴道分离因肯毛孢子菌的分子鉴定和种内分型

分别采用rRNA基因内转录间隔区(ITS)和基因间隔区(IGS1)测序,ITS和IGS1区PCR限制性片段长度多态性分析(PCR-RFLP)和基因组DNA的随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)等方法,对三株因肯毛孢子菌Trichosporon inkin进行分子特征及种内分型研究。结果显示,不同菌株的rRNA基因ITS区和IGS1区的序列相似性均高达100%,RFLP酶切图谱具有较理想的种内一致性,而不同菌株的RAPD图谱不尽相同。研究表明:rRNA基因IGS1区测序及RFLP酶切可考虑用于因肯毛孢子菌的菌种分子鉴定,而基因组DNA的RAPD则较适合于菌种的种内分型。     

IGS基因及RAPD标记分析在加特隐球酵母基因分类中的应用

根据ITS1-5.8S-ITS2区域的特异核酸序列变化,加特隐球酵母Cryptococcus gattii(≡新型隐球酵母加特变种Cryptococcu neoformans var.gattii)可分为6种基因型。本研究通过检测加特隐球酵母的IGS基因,发现其IGS序列有着更丰富的变异和信息位点。通过结合加特隐球酵母RAPD(随机扩增的多态性DNA)图谱比较研究,与IGS和ITS的序列分析结果大体一致,说明新近发现的加特隐球酵母ITS8型确实有别于以前报道过的其他加特隐球酵母ITS基因型。研究证明IGS1及IGS2基因片段分析可以作为加特隐球酵母基因分类鉴定中有效的辅助鉴别的分子生物学方法,联合多种基因分类鉴定的方法可以更有效地揭示新型隐球酵母加特变种种内不同基因亚型间的遗传进化关系。     

Genetic polymorphism of ferula mushroom growing on Ferula sinkiangensis

Mating tests, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis, intergenic spacer 1–restriction fragment length polymorphism (IGS1-RFLP), IGS1 sequence analysis, and IGS2-RFLP analysis were carried out on isolates of 17 morphologically different Pleurotus mushrooms collected on Ferula sinkiangensis. The isolates were divided, based on mating tests and ITS sequence analysis, into two groups identical to P. eryngii var. ferulae and P. nebrodensis, respectively. Single spores from these two groups were incompatible, but those from P. eryngii var. ferulae and P. eryngii were compatible and combined to produce 56.25% dikaryon mycelia with clamp connections. The ITS of P. eryngii var. ferulae and P. nebrodensis (GenBank accession no. AY311408) were both 638 bp in size but differed by 3% in sequence. P. eryngii var. ferulae and P. eryngii (GenBank accession no. AY368658) were identical in ITS size and sequence. P. nebrodensis was the dominant population of Pleurotus mushroom growing on F. sinkiangensis. It exhibited genetic diversity. The two species could also be distinguished by IGSI-RFLP, similar to identification by mating tests and ITS sequence analysis. Difference in IGS1-RFLP existed between P. eryngii var. ferulae and P. nebrodensis. The sequence difference reached 2.28%. Both IGS1 size and IGS1-RFLP were similar among the different samples of P. nebrodensis. The 17 isolates were separated into five types based on IGS2 size and IGS2-RFLP, with both interspecies and extraspecies differences. P. nebrodensis exhibited polymorphism and was divided into four types. These results agreed with macroscopic differences. IGS2 might be the effective domain of genetically polymorphic ribosomal DNA in P. nebrodensis mushrooms found in Xinjiang, China.     

Genetic diversity of root-nodulating bacteria isolated from pea (Pisum sativum) in subtropical regions of China

Diversity of 42 isolates from effective nodules of Pisum sativum in different geographical regions of China were studied using 16S rRNA gene RFLP patterns, 16S rRNA sequencing, 16S–23S rRNA inter-genic spacer (IGS) region RFLP patterns and G-C rich random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The isolates were distributed in two groups on the basis of their 16S rRNA gene RFLP patterns. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains from 16S rRNA gene RFLP patterns group I were very closely related (identities higher than 99.5%) to Rhizobium leguminosarum USDA 2370. Group II consisting of WzP3 and WzP15 was closely related to Rhizobium etli CFN42. The analysis of the 16S–23S IGS RFLP pat-terns divided the isolates into 18 genotypes and four groups. Group I was clustered with R. legumino-sarum USDA2370. Group II consisted of YcP2, YcP3 and CqP7. The strains of group III were distributed abroad. Group IV consisted of WzP3, WzP15 and R. etli CFN42. RAPD divided the isolates into nine clusters in which group IV only consisted of YcP2 and the strains of group V and IX were from Wenzhou and Xiantao, respectively. This assay demonstrated the geographical effect on genetic diversity of pea rhizobia.     

Genetic diversity of root-nodulating bacteria isolated from pea (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pisum sativum</Emphasis>) in subtropical regions of China

Diversity of 42 isolates from effective nodules of Pisum sativum in different geographical regions of China were studied using 16S rRNA gene RFLP patterns, 16S rRNA sequencing, 16S–23S rRNA intergenic spacer (IGS) region RFLP patterns and G-C rich random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The isolates were distributed in two groups on the basis of their 16S rRNA gene RFLP patterns. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains from 16S rRNA gene RFLP patterns group I were very closely related (identities higher than 99.5%) to Rhizobium leguminosarum USDA 2370. Group II consisting of WzP3 and WzP15 was closely related to Rhizobium etli CFN42. The analysis of the 16S-23S IGS RFLP patterns divided the isolates into 18 genotypes and four groups. Group I was clustered with R. leguminosarum USDA2370. Group II consisted of YcP2, YcP3 and CqP7. The strains of group III were distributed abroad. Group IV consisted of WzP3, WzP15 and R. etli CFN42. RAPD divided the isolates into nine clusters in which group IV only consisted of YcP2 and the strains of group V and IX were from Wenzhou and Xiantao, respectively. This assay demonstrated the geographical effect on genetic diversity of pea rhizobia.     

DNA分子标记在木耳属真菌中的应用研究进展

介绍了目前已在木耳属真菌中广泛应用的几种DNA分子标记技术(RFLP、RAPD、AFLP、ISSR、SRAP、SCAR、ITS、IGS),以及这些标记在木耳属真菌系统发育、分类研究、种间和种内鉴定、遗传多样性分析等方面的应用,并展望了这些标记技术在木耳属真菌中的应用前景。