快速测定厚朴中厚朴酚及其含量的方法

目的:通过建立系统的HPLC快速检测方法,分析厚朴中主要药用成分厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的含量,确定厚朴的药用价值及开发利用价值.方法:用HPLC法对张家界、隆回及恩施地区的厚朴植株的不同部位的药材中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的含量进行了含量的分析.结果:结果快速、准确、重现性好、HPLC分析图谱理想.结论:本文所运用的HPLC分析条件能快速准确的鉴定厚朴酚及和厚朴酚的含量,确定厚朴药材的品质,并对混乱的药材市场有一定的监控作用.     

不同树龄厚朴干、枝皮中的酚的分离及含量测定

应用高效液相色谱法,对都江堰市不同树龄厚朴干、枝皮中所含厚朴酚、和厚朴酚含量的动态分布进行了测定。结果表明：都江堰市不同树龄、不同部位厚朴中厚朴酚、和厚朴酚含量随树龄增大而增加,均在25年左右达到最高值;为厚朴药材质量评价、遗传改良及合理采收提供理论依据。     

响应面法优化厚朴中和厚朴酚与厚朴酚的提取工艺研究

为探讨响应面法优化厚朴中和厚朴酚与厚朴酚的提取工艺。以溶媒比、乙醇浓度、提取时间为自变量,和厚朴酚与厚朴酚总提取百分含量作为因变量,通过对自变量各水平的多元线性回归及二项式拟合,用响应面法选取较佳工艺,并进行预测分析。确定最佳提取工艺为溶媒比60 mL·g-1、乙醇浓度为72%、提取时间78 min,和厚朴酚与厚朴酚总提取百分含量达2.29%。说明响应面法优选厚朴中和厚朴酚与厚朴酚成分提取工艺,方法简单,结果可靠。     

响应面法优化厚朴中和厚朴酚与厚朴酚的提取工艺研究简

为探讨响应面法优化厚朴中和厚朴酚与厚朴酚的提取工艺。以溶媒比、乙醇浓度、提取时间为自变量,和厚朴酚与厚朴酚总提取百分含量作为因变量,通过对自变量各水平的多元线性回归及二项式拟合,用响应面法选取较佳工艺,并进行预测分析。确定最佳提取工艺为溶媒比60 mL·g^-1、乙醇浓度为72%、提取时间78 min,和厚朴酚与厚朴酚总提取百分含量达2.29%。说明响应面法优选厚朴中和厚朴酚与厚朴酚成分提取工艺,方法简单,结果可靠。     

紫外分光光度法同时测定厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的含量及活性研究

使用pH =8.93的KH2 PO4 NaOH缓冲液 (0 .0 2 5mol/L) ,根据混合物含量测定的原理 ,在 2 89.4nm和 316 .4nm处测定溶液吸光度来测定厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的含量 ,在 5 17nm处考察厚朴酚与和厚朴酚清除DPPH·的活性 ,建立了同时测定厚朴酚与和厚朴酚含量的紫外分光光度法 ,初步考察了二者的自由基清除活性。DPPH·可作为二者抗氧化活性的研究方法。     

和厚朴酚通过ROS的积累和破坏细胞膜杀死白色念珠菌

[目的]研究在体外情况下和厚朴酚对白色念珠菌的抑制作用及其可能机制。[方法]采用微量稀释法测定和厚朴酚对白色念珠菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC₈₀）和最低杀菌浓度（MFC）;用透射电镜观察不同浓度和厚朴酚对白色念珠菌超微结构的影响;采用Annexin V-FITC/PI染色法分析不同浓度和厚朴酚对白色念珠菌细胞凋亡的影响;用DCFH-DA染色法测定不同浓度和厚朴酚对白色念珠菌细胞内活性氧积累的影响;用JC-1染色法分析不同浓度和厚朴酚对白色念珠菌线粒体膜电位的影响;用碘化丙啶染色、考马斯亮蓝G-250染色检测和厚朴酚对白色念珠菌细胞膜通透性的影响;通过测定加入麦角甾醇后,和厚朴酚对白色念珠菌的抑制作用的变化,检测和厚朴酚对白色念珠菌细胞膜的影响。[结果]和厚朴酚对白色念珠菌具有很强的抑制作用,MIC和MFC分别为16 μg/mL和32 μg/mL。对白色念珠菌细胞壁、细胞膜和胞浆均有明显的影响。和厚朴酚是通过增加活性氧的产生和破坏线粒体功能来诱导白念珠菌的细胞凋亡和坏死。它也影响细胞膜的通透性,这可能和细胞壁的破坏和与麦角固醇的结合有关。[结论]和厚朴酚通过产生活性氧并伴随着一系列的细胞损伤这种复杂的机制从而对白色念珠菌产生抑制作用,使和厚朴酚成为一种潜在的抗真菌药物。     

厚朴酚对果蝇寿命和繁殖力的影响

从中药厚朴中提取的厚朴酚（magnolol）具有很强的抗氧化性,对其进行黑腹果蝇抗衰老和繁殖力试验。结果表明,分别采用0．02％、0．03％和0．05％浓度的厚朴酚对果蝇寿命均有不同程度明显的延长作用,平均延寿率从8．7％到18．5％;对果蝇繁殖力均有不同程度的提高,果蝇子代蛹数显著增加,平均增殖率从70．0％到268．2％,成虫果蝇数量也显著增加,平均增殖率从145．3％到541．5％。表明厚朴酚具有延缓衰老和促进果蝇的繁殖能力,提高生育力和生命活力的作用。     

和厚朴酚对嗜水气单胞菌气溶素表达的抑制作用

为了研究不同浓度和厚朴酚对嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)致病力的影响, 筛选抗嗜水气单胞菌感染的天然化合物, 通过溶血试验、免疫印记试验、荧光定量PCR试验和动物试验进行了研究。结果发现, 和厚朴酚能在亚抑菌浓度下降低嗜水气单胞菌培养物上清中的溶血活性; 蛋白免疫印迹试验发现和厚朴酚能降低嗜水气单胞菌气溶素的分泌; 荧光定量PCR试验进一步表明和厚朴酚与嗜水气单胞菌共培养后降低了气溶素编码基因aerA的转录而降低气溶素的分泌。此外, 通过动物试验发现和厚朴酚治疗能显著提高斑点叉尾鮰( Ictalurus punctatus )嗜水气单胞菌感染模型的存活率。以上研究表明, 和厚朴酚能通过降低气溶素编码基因aerA的转录而降低嗜水气单胞菌的致病力, 和厚朴酚是一种潜在的新型抗嗜水气单胞菌感染的先导化合物。     

厚朴酚对变形链球菌生物膜致龋毒力因子作用的研究

目的 通过激光共聚焦显微镜观察厚朴酚对变形链球菌生物膜的抑菌效果,并初步了解厚朴酚对变形链球菌生物膜的产酸、耐酸、胞外多糖形成及生物膜形成能力等相关致龋毒力因子的转录表达的影响,为进一步研究厚朴酚防龋的药理作用机制奠定基础.方法 建立变形链球菌生物膜体外模型,激光共聚焦显微镜观察不同药物浓度作用后效果,并进行红绿荧光定量分析;根据GenBank基因库查询ffh、gtfD、pdp等基因序列并设计引物,进行RT-PCR.结果 CLSM观察厚朴酚作用变形链球菌生物膜后可使膜内活菌比例明显下降;RT-PCR结果表明毒力因子ffh、gtfD、pdp的表达水平受到抑制.结论 厚朴酚对变形链球菌生物膜的致龋毒力因子ffh、gtfD、pdp的转录表达有明显的抑制作用.     

和厚朴酚对幽门螺杆菌生长和空泡毒素A表达及活性的影响

【目的】幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori, H. pylori)是胃炎和消化性溃疡的病原体, 但其具有潜在的正常菌群的特性。本研究通过评价临床常用中药厚朴的活性成分和厚朴酚对H. pylori的抑制作用及对其空泡毒素A表达和活性的影响, 以反映其对H. pylori具有的潜在去除毒性的作用。【方法】使用平皿稀释固体法和脑心浸液液体法测定和厚朴酚对H. pylori的最低抑菌浓度, 进一步通过中性红摄入法评价经无抑菌效果的低浓度和厚朴酚干预后, H. pylori培养上清中空泡毒素A (Vacuolating cytotoxin A, VacA)的毒性作用; 并通过RT-PCR和Western blot方法检测经低浓度和厚朴酚处理后, H. pylori菌体及分泌上清中VacA mRNA和蛋白的表达水平。【结果】发现高浓度(0.75 g/L)和厚朴酚对H. pylori 具有抑制作用; 而在远低于最低抑菌浓度时, 和厚朴酚可有效抑制H. pylori VacA的形成和分泌。【结论】和厚朴酚具有下调H. pylori毒性的潜在作用, 这为基于“致病性H. pylori的非致病性转变”这一机理的干预性治疗提供了有希望的研究前景。     

Effects of honokiol and magnolol on acute and inflammatory pain models in mice

The antinociceptive actions of honokiol and magnolol, two major bioactive constituents of the bark of Magnolia officinalis, were evaluated using tail-flick, hot-plate and formalin tests in mice. The effects of honokiol and magnolol on the formalin-induced c-Fos expression in the spinal cord dorsal horn as well as motor coordination and cognitive function were examined. Data showed that honokiol and magnolol did not produce analgesia in tail-flick, hot-plate paw-shaking and neurogenic phase of the overt nociception induced by intraplantar injection of formalin. However, honokiol and magnolol reduced the inflammatory phase of formalin-induced licking response. Consistently, honokiol and magnolol significantly decreased formalin-induced c-Fos protein expression in superficial (I-II) laminae of the L4-L5 lumbar dorsal horn. However, honokiol and magnolol did not elicit motor incoordination and memory dysfunction at doses higher than the analgesic dose. These results demonstrate that honokiol and magnolol effectively alleviate the formalin-induced inflammatory pain without motor and cognitive side effects, suggesting their therapeutic potential in the treatment of inflammatory pain.     

Antinociceptive actions of honokiol and magnolol on glutamatergic and inflammatory pain

The antinociceptive effects of honokiol and magnolol, two major bioactive constituents of the bark of Magnolia officinalis, were investigated on animal paw licking responses and thermal hyperalgesia induced by glutamate receptor agonists including glutamate, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), and metabotropic glutamate 5 receptor (mGluR5) activator (RS)-2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine (CHPG), as well as inflammatory mediators such as substance P and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) in mice. The actions of honokiol and magnolol on glutamate-induced c-Fos expression in the spinal cord dorsal horn were also examined. Our data showed that honokiol and magnolol blocked glutamate-, substance P- and PGE₂-induced inflammatory pain with similar potency and efficacy. Consistently, honokiol and magnolol significantly decreased glutamate-induced c-Fos protein expression in superficial (I-II) laminae of the L4-L5 lumbar dorsal horn. However, honokiol was more selective than magnolol for inhibition of NMDA-induced licking behavioral and thermal hyperalgesia. In contrast, magnolol was more potent to block CHPG-mediated thermal hyperalgesia. These results demonstrate that honokiol and magnolol effectively decreased the inflammatory pain. Furthermore, their different potency on inhibition of nociception provoked by NMDA receptor and mGluR5 activation should be considered.     

Comparison of antioxidant abilities of magnolol and honokiol to scavenge radicals and to protect DNA

The antioxidant properties of magnolol and honokiol were evaluated in the experimental systems of reducing ONOO⁻ and ¹O₂, bleaching β-carotene in linoleic acid (LH) emulsion, and trapping 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) cationic radical (ABTS⁺) and 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), and then were applied to inhibit the oxidation of DNA induced by Cu²⁺/glutathione (GSH) and 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane hydrochloride) (AAPH). Magnolol and honokiol were active to reduce ONOO⁻ and ¹O₂. Honokiol showed a little higher activity to protect LH and to inhibit Cu²⁺/GSH-induced oxidation of DNA than magnolol. In addition, honokiol exhibited higher activities to trap ABTS⁺ and DPPH than magnolol. In particular, honokiol trapped 2.5 radicals while magnolol only trapped 1.8 radicals in protecting DNA against AAPH-induced oxidation. The obtained results suggested that low antioxidant ability of magnolol may be related to the intramolecular hydrogen bond formed between di-ortho-hydroxyl groups, which hindered the hydrogen atom in hydroxyl group to be abstracted by radicals. Therefore, the antioxidant capacity of magnolol was lower than that of honokiol.     

Electrochemical detection of honokiol and magnolol in traditional Chinese medicines using acetylene black nanoparticle-modified electrode

Introduction – Honokiol and magnolol are the active components of Magnolia officinalis, which is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine. Their simultaneous analysis is, therefore, important for the quality control of the product. Objective – To establish a simple, sensitive and rapid electrochemical method for the simultaneous detection of honokiol and magnolol based on the remarkable enhancement effect of acetylene black nanoparticle (AB). Methodology – The AB‐modified electrode was prepared via solvent evaporation. The electrochemical response of honokiol and magnolol was investigated using cyclic voltammetry. The simultaneous detection was performed with differential pulse voltammetry. The method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, precision and accuracy. Results – The linear range for honokiol is 0.5–300 µg/L, and the limit of detection (LOD) is 0.25 µg/L (9.4 × 10^?10 mol/L). For magnolol, the linear range is 10–250 µg/L, and the LOD is 5 µg/L (1.88 × 10^?8 mol/L). Conclusion – The new method was successfully used to determine honokiol and magnolol in a traditional Chinese medicine called Ageratum liquid. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cytotoxic neolignans: an SAR study

The neolignans, magnolol 1 and honokiol 2 have been reported to inhibit the growth of several tumor cell lines in vitro and in vivo. The chemical structure of magnolol and honokiol consists of biphenyl skeleton with phenolic and allylic functionalities. Analogs of 1 and 2 containing different substitution have been studies for their effect on the growth of Hep-G2 and their structure-activity relationships were reported in this work.     

温肾咳喘片主要成分对HepG2细胞中CYP相关基因表达的影响

观察温肾咳喘片组方中5种主要单体成分甘草酸、厚朴酚、和厚朴酚、蛇床子素和 欧前胡素对细胞色素P450(cytochrome P450, CYP) 1A2,2D6,2E1和3A4基因表达的影 响. 采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测HepG2细胞中药物处理后各CYP mRNA的表达.厚朴酚 、和厚朴酚、蛇床子素和欧前胡素在不同浓度均能明显的诱导CYP2E1和CYP3A4,同时欧 前胡素也能诱导CYP1A2的表达,而甘草酸、厚朴酚、和厚朴酚、蛇床子素和欧前胡素在 不同浓度对CYP2D6的表达均具有较弱的抑制作用.甘草酸、厚朴酚、和厚朴酚、蛇床子 素和欧前胡素能明显影响CYP1A2、2D6、2E1或3A4的表达.此研究为中西药物代谢性相互 作用及毒理学的研究提供实验依据.     

Effects of neolignans from the stem bark of Magnolia obovata on plant pathogenic fungi

Aims:  To characterize antifungal principles from the methanol extract of Magnolia obovata and to evaluate their antifungal activities against various plant pathogenic fungi.
Methods and Results:  Four neolignans were isolated from stem bark of M. obovata as antifungal principles and identified as magnolol, honokiol, 4-methoxyhonokiol and obovatol. In mycelial growth inhibition assay, both magnolol and honokiol displayed more potent antifungal activity than 4-methoxyhonokiol and obovatol. Both magnolol and honokiol showed similar in vivo antifungal spectrum against seven plant diseases tested; both compounds effectively suppressed the development of rice blast, tomato late blight, wheat leaf rust and red pepper anthracnose. 4-Methoxyhonokiol and obovatol were highly active to only rice blast and wheat leaf rust respectively.
Conclusions:  The extract of M. obovata and four neolignans had potent in vivo antifungal activities against plant pathogenic fungi.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  Neolignans from Magnolia spp. can be used and suggested as a novel antifungal lead compound for the development of new fungicide and directly as a natural fungicide for the control of plant diseases such as rice blast and wheat leaf rust.     

Isolation of anti-Saprolegnia lignans from Magnolia officinalis and SAR evaluation of honokiol/magnolol analogs

To control the fish fungal pathogen Saprolegnia, the effects of the petroleum ether extracts of Magnolia officinalis were evaluated by a rapeseed (Brassicanapus) microplate method in vitro. By loading on an open silica gel column and eluting with petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol, honokiol (C₁₈H₁₈O₂) and magnolol (C₁₈H₁₈O₂) were isolated from Magnolia officinalis. Saprolegnia parasitica growth was inhibited significantly when honokiol concentration was >8.0?mg/L, and magnolol concentration was >9.0?mg/L, with EC₅₀ values of 4.38 and 4.92?mg/L, respectively. Six honokiol and magnolol derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their anti-Saprolegnia activity. According to the results, double bond and hydroxyl played an important role in inhibiting Saprolegnia. Mechanistically, through the scanning electron microscope observation, honokiol and magnolol could cause the Saprolegnia parasitica mycelium tegumental damage including intensive wrinkles and nodular structures. Moreover, compared to traditional drugs kresoxim-methyl (LC₅₀?=?0.66?mg/L) and azoxystrobin (LC₅₀?=?2.71?mg/L), honokiol and magnolol showed a lower detrimental effect on zebrafish, with the LC₅₀ values of 6.00 and 7.28?mg/L at 48?h, respectively. Overall, honokiol and magnolol were promising lead compounds for the development of commercial drugs anti-Saprolegnia.     

Anti‐biofilm and bactericidal effects of magnolia bark‐derived magnolol and honokiol on Streptococcus mutans

Dental caries affects people of all ages and is a worldwide health concern. Streptococcus mutans is a major cariogenic bacterium because of its ability to form biofilm and induce an acidic environment. In this study, the antibacterial activities of magnolol and honokiol, the main constituents of the bark of magnolia plants, toward planktonic cell and biofilm of S. mutans were examined and compared with those of chlorhexidine. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of magnolol, honokiol and chlorhexidine for S. mutans were 10, 10 and 0.25 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, each agent showed bactericidal activity against S. mutans planktonic cells and inhibited biofilm formation in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Magnolol (50 µg/mL) had greater bactericidal activity against S. mutans biofilm than honokiol (50 µg/mL) and chlorhexidine (500 µg/mL) at 5 min after exposure, while all showed scant activity against biofilm at 30 s. Furthermore; chlorhexidine (0.5–500 µg/mL) exhibited high cellular toxicity for the gingival epithelial cell line Ca9‐22 at 1 hr, whereas magnolol (50 µg/mL) and honokiol (50 µg/mL) did not. Thus; it was found that magnolol has antimicrobial activities against planktonic and biofilm cells of S. mutans. Magnolol may be a candidate for prevention and management of dental caries.