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微生物基因组研究作为人类基因组计划的一部分 ,对人类基因组计划及微生物学 ,甚至整个生命科学都产生巨大的影响[1] 。人类基因组测序已经取得突破性进展 ,现已绘制完毕人类基因组的工作草图 ,人类基因组计划即将提前完成。目前已采用DNA RNA芯片和基因表达序列分析 (serialanalysisofgeneexpression ,SAGE)来研究基因组的功能[2 ,3 ] 。但随着对基因组研究的深入 ,人们认识到单纯从基因组信息并不可能完全揭示生命的奥秘。因为蛋白质是生物功能的体现者 ,这使我们不得不考虑基因编码的蛋白质有什… 相似文献
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本文概述了近年来蛋白质组学技术在极端微生物研究领域中存在的关键问题、解决途径和研究现状。迄今为止,虽然蛋白质组学技术快速发展,但极端微生物的蛋白质组学的研究仍然存在很多困难。由于极端微生物的蛋白质-蛋白质复合物解离不彻底,而嗜中温微生物的蛋白质解离和变性条件不适用于极端微生物合成的大多数蛋白质等特殊问题,致使蛋白质组学技术还没有广泛应用于嗜盐、嗜热/冷、嗜酸/碱等微生物的研究中。当然,蛋白质组学技术应用的潜能和前景吸引人们积极尝试各种各样的方法。目前,通过研究已经有效地解决了嗜盐蛋白质的分离、嵌合膜蛋白的鉴定和新蛋白质的功能推测,证实了基因组预测的一些结论,并揭示基因组不能充分解析的某些特性和新蛋白质。极端微生物蛋白质组学的研究表明,全面展示蛋白质表达谱需要不止一种蛋白质组学方法。此外,蛋白质组学和基因组学的互相印证和结合,将加速极端微生物的研究进程,深入全面地揭示微生物适应极端环境的特殊机制,进而阐明极端微生物生存的机理,为改善胁迫因素导致的伤害提供新的研究方向。 相似文献
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后基因组时代,仅依靠基因组方法来研究原位微生物群落的功能已远远不够,在这种背景下元蛋白质组学研究逐渐兴起。应用元蛋白质组学技术可大规模研究原位微生物群落的蛋白质表达,分析生态系统中微生物的功能,寻找新的功能基因和代谢通路,为微生物群体的基因和功能多样性研究提供数据。同时,还可鉴定与微生物功能相关的蛋白质,这些蛋白质未来可以作为生物标记物为环境可持续发展铺路。综述了元蛋白质组学的发展概况及其在微生物功能研究中的重大作用,强调了元蛋白质组学方法在分析新功能基因及其相关基因,揭示微生物多样性与微生物群体功能之间的关系等方面起到的作用,并对其应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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目的:微生物被膜是一种具有协调性、功能性和高度结构性的膜状复合物,它可以为微生物提供良好的生存环境,免受外界因素的干扰。研究发现,具有产生微生物被膜能力的细菌治病性明显增强,而现今缺乏一种分析微生物被膜的有效手段。本文探讨利用COMSTAT软件对微生物被膜进行定量分析的方法和意义,为对微生物被膜定性定量分析提供支持手段,从而为研究微生物被膜致病性提供方法理论基础。方法:以葡萄球菌为研究模型,利用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜成像技术,结合COMSTAT微生物被膜分析软件对微生物被膜的单位面积生物量、基质覆盖率、平均厚度、粗糙系数等方面进行定量分析,研究了该葡萄球菌的生物被膜生长变化过程,并考察了抗生素对其生物被膜的抑制作用。结果:在葡萄球菌生物被膜生长过程中,生物量、平均厚度以及平均扩散距离等结构指标数值都有明显增加,而粗糙度和表面积与生物量比值呈现降低趋势,表明了微生物被膜由发生向成熟的转化过程。与此同时,经10μg/mL和100μg/mL的卡那霉素处理得到的葡萄球菌微生物被膜生长受到明显抑制,且随着卡那霉素的浓度增加,抑制效果随之增加。结论:本文运用COMSTAT软件的分析方法首次从生物量、平均厚度等结构指标数值的角度描述了葡萄球菌生物被膜,从而有效评价微生物被膜发生、发展、成熟以及崩解的生长过程。该技术在研究微生物被膜形成的理论机制方面存在潜在价值,可以为研究微生物被膜治病性提供理论基础,具有理论指导意义。 相似文献
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临床蛋白质组学是将蛋白质组学技术应用于临床医学研究,它主要围绕疾病的预防、早期诊断和治疗等方面开展研究,其中,恶性肿瘤是临床蛋白质组学研究的一个重点研究对象.由于肿瘤生物标志物对早期诊断具有重要价值,所以临床蛋白质组学的主要目标之一是寻找合适的肿瘤生物标志物,多分子生物标志物已成为寻找肿瘤生物标志物的一个研究趋势.简要介绍了临床蛋白质组学的基本概念,实验设计,临床样本收集与预处理以及蛋白质组学技术在临床研究中的应用与进展. 相似文献
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Data‐independent acquisition (DIA) is an emerging technology for quantitative proteomics. Current DIA focusses on the identification and quantitation of fragment ions that are generated from multiple peptides contained in the same selection window of several to tens of m/z. An alternative approach is WiSIM‐DIA, which combines conventional DIA with wide‐SIM (wide selected‐ion monitoring) windows to partition the precursor m/z space to produce high‐quality precursor ion chromatograms. However, WiSIM‐DIA has been underexplored; it remains unclear if it is a viable alternative to DIA. We demonstrate that WiSIM‐DIA quantified more than 24 000 unique peptides over five orders of magnitude in a single 2 h analysis of a neuronal synapse‐enriched fraction, compared to 31 000 in DIA. There is a strong correlation between abundance values of peptides quantified in both the DIA and WiSIM‐DIA datasets. Interestingly, the S/N ratio of these peptides is not correlated. We further show that peptide identification directly from DIA spectra identified >2000 proteins, which included unique peptides not found in spectral libraries generated by DDA. 相似文献
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数据非依赖采集(data-independent acquisition,DIA)是一种高通量、无偏性的质谱数据采集方法,具有定量结果重现性好,对低丰度蛋白质友好的特点,是近年来进行大队列蛋白质组研究的首选方法之一。由于DIA产生的二级谱是混合谱,包含了多个肽段的碎片离子信息,使得蛋白质鉴定和定量更加困难。目前,DIA数据分析方法分为两大类,即以肽为中心和以谱图为中心。其中,以肽为中心的分析方法鉴定更灵敏,定量更准确,已成为DIA数据解析的主流方法。其分析流程包括构建谱图库、提取色谱峰群、特征打分和结果质控4个关键步骤。本文综述了以肽为中心的DIA数据分析流程,介绍了基于此流程的数据分析软件及相关比较评估工作,进一步总结了已有的算法改进工作,最后对未来发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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Jelena uklina Chloe H Lee Evan G Williams Tatjana Sajic Ben C Collins María Rodríguez Martínez Varun S Sharma Fabian Wendt Sandra Goetze Gregory R Keele Bernd Wollscheid Ruedi Aebersold Patrick G A Pedrioli 《Molecular systems biology》2021,17(8)
Advancements in mass spectrometry‐based proteomics have enabled experiments encompassing hundreds of samples. While these large sample sets deliver much‐needed statistical power, handling them introduces technical variability known as batch effects. Here, we present a step‐by‐step protocol for the assessment, normalization, and batch correction of proteomic data. We review established methodologies from related fields and describe solutions specific to proteomic challenges, such as ion intensity drift and missing values in quantitative feature matrices. Finally, we compile a set of techniques that enable control of batch effect adjustment quality. We provide an R package, \"proBatch\", containing functions required for each step of the protocol. We demonstrate the utility of this methodology on five proteomic datasets each encompassing hundreds of samples and consisting of multiple experimental designs. In conclusion, we provide guidelines and tools to make the extraction of true biological signal from large proteomic studies more robust and transparent, ultimately facilitating reliable and reproducible research in clinical proteomics and systems biology. 相似文献
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蛋白质组学发展至今已日趋成熟,在生物医药相关领域研究中的应用显著增加,与之相关的样品制备技术、蛋白定量方法及先进的质谱仪器也得到了快速发展。网络药理学是近年来提出的新药发现新策略,是药理学的新兴分支学科,它从整体的角度探索药物与疾病的关联性,发现药物靶标,指导新药研发。将蛋白质组学技术应用于网络药理学研究,能使研究人员系统地预测和解释药物的作用,加速药物靶点的确认,从而设计多靶点药物或药物组合。综述了蛋白质组学技术的新近研究进展,并简单概述了其在网络药理学中的应用。 相似文献
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《Expert review of proteomics》2013,10(6):943-953
Quantitative proteomics based on 2D electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with peptide mass fingerprinting is still one of the most widely used quantitative proteomics approaches in microbiology research. Our view on the exploitation of this global expression analysis technique and its contribution and potential to push forward the field of molecular microbial physiology towards a molecular systems microbiology perspective is discussed in this article. The advances registered in 2-DE-based quantitative proteomic analysis leading to increased protein resolution, sensitivity and accuracy, and the promising use of 2-DE to gain insights into post-translational modifications at a proteome-wide level (considering all the proteins/protein forms expressed by the genome) are focused on. Given the progress made in this field, it is foreseen that the 2-DE-based approach to quantitative proteomics will continue to be a fundamental tool for microbiologists working at a genome-wide scale. Guidelines are also provided for the exploitation of expression proteomics data, based on useful computational tools, and for the integration of these data with other genome-wide expression information. The advantages and limitations of a complete 2-DE-based expression proteomics analysis, envisaging the quantification of the global changes occurring in the proteome of a given cell depending on environmental or genetic manipulations, are discussed from the microbiologist’s perspective. Particular focus is given to the emerging field of toxicoproteomics, a new systems toxicity approach that offers a powerful tool to directly monitor the earliest stages of the toxicological response by identifying critical proteins and pathways that are affected by, and respond to, a chemical stress. The experimental design and the bioinformatics analysis of data used in our laboratory to gain mechanistic insights through expression proteomics into the responses of the eukaryotic model Saccharomyces cerevisiae or of Pseudomonas strains to environmental toxicants are presented as case studies. 相似文献
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Julia Dittrich Melanie Adam Hilke Maas Max Hecht Madlen Reinicke L. Renee Ruhaak Christa Cobbaert Christoph Engel Kerstin Wirkner Markus Löffler Joachim Thiery Uta Ceglarek 《Proteomics》2018,18(3-4)
Laborious sample pretreatment of biological samples represents the most limiting factor for the translation of targeted proteomics assays from research to clinical routine. An optimized method for the simultaneous quantitation of 12 major apolipoproteins (apos) combining on‐line SPE and fast LC‐MS/MS analysis in 6.5 min total run time was developed, reducing the manual sample pretreatment time of 3 μL serum or plasma by 60%. Within‐run and between‐day imprecisions below 10 and 15% (n = 10) and high recovery rates (94–131%) were obtained applying the high‐throughput setup. High‐quality porcine trypsin was used, which outperformed cost‐effective bovine trypsin regarding digestion efficiency. Comparisons with immunoassays and another LC‐MS/MS assay demonstrated good correlation (Pearson's R: 0.81–0.98). Further, requirements on sample quality concerning sampling, processing, and long‐term storage up to 1 year were investigated revealing significant influences of the applied sampling material and coagulant on quantitation results. Apo profiles of 1339 subjects of the LIFE‐Adult‐Study were associated with lifestyle and physiological parameters as well as establish parameters of lipid metabolism (e.g., triglycerides, cholesterol). Besides gender effects, most significant impact was seen regarding lipid‐lowering medication. In conclusion, this novel highly standardized, high‐throughput targeted proteomics assay utilizes a fast, simultaneous analysis of 12 apos from least sample amounts. 相似文献
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