嗜酸乳杆菌YIT2004株的抗生素敏感性 及对万古霉素耐药机制

摘要：目的 研究嗜酸乳杆菌YIT2004株的抗生素敏感性及其耐药机制。方法 最低抑菌浓度法检测嗜酸乳杆菌YIT2004株对抗生素的敏感性;提取YIT2004株基因组,用特异性引物对耐药基因进行PCR扩增。结果 嗜酸乳杆菌YIT2004株对青霉素、氨苄西林、亚胺培南、庆大霉素、红霉素和克林霉素敏感,对万古霉素耐药;YIT2004株基因组中不存在vanA、vanB耐药基因,但存在高度相似的aad、ddl万古霉素耐药基因。该耐药为固有耐药,不具备传递性。结论 嗜酸乳杆菌YIT2004株对青霉素、氨苄西林、亚胺培南、庆大霉素、红霉素和克林霉素敏感,对万古霉素固有耐药且其耐药性不可传递。嗜酸乳杆菌YIT2004株的使用具有安全性。     

Heterotrimeric G proteins: new tricks for an old dog

Heterotrimeric G proteins are well known for their function in signal transduction downstream of seven transmembrane receptors. More recently, however, genetic analysis in C. elegans and in Drosophila has revealed a second, essential function of these molecules in positioning the mitotic spindle and attaching microtubules to the cell cortex. Five new publications in Cell (Afshar et al., 2004; Du and Macara, 2004 [this issue of Cell]; Hess et al., 2004), Developmental Cell (Martin-McCaffrey et al., 2004), and Current Biology (Couwenbergs et al., 2004) show that this function is conserved in vertebrates and--like the classical pathway--involves cycling of G proteins between GDP and GTP bound conformations.     

采自云南热带雨林的中国多孔菌两新记录种

<正>1 INTRODUCTION Wood-rotting fungi have been intensively studied in China (Dai & Niemel? 2002; Dai et al. 2003, 2004a, 2004b; Dai & Penttil? 2006), and some new species and new records were found from     

CAR: three new models for a problem child

By comparison with its older and better-behaved cousins in the nuclear receptor superfamily, CAR (NR1I3) has always been an oddball. Three new crystal structures recently described in Molecular Cell reveal the molecular basis for some of its bad habits (Xu et al., 2004; Suino et al., 2004; Shan et al., 2004).     

Mice get their annual check-up

A report on the 2004 meeting on Mouse Molecular Genetics, Cold Spring Harbor, USA, 1-5 September 2004.     

Heteropriapulus nom. nov. (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae) for Heterotylus Jogunoori, Kritsky & Venkatanarasaiah, 2004, a junior homonym of Heterotylus Kirsch in Reitter, 1913 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Heterotylus Jogunoori, Kritsky & Venkatanarasaiah, 2004 is a junior homonym of Heterotylus Kirsch in Reitter, 1913. It is replaced by Heteropriapulus nom. nov. and its type- and only species, Heterotylus heterotylus Jogunoori, Kritsky & Venkatanarasaiah, 2004, is transferred as Heteropriapulus heterotylus (Jogunoori, Kritsky & Venkatanarasaiah, 2004) n. comb.     

Developmental biology reaches new lineages

A report on the Developmental Biology Annual Symposium and GENETICS 2004, Warwick, UK, 14-16 March 2004.     

Suppression of adult lesser mealworm (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) using soil incorporation of poultry manure

The effectiveness of manure incorporation in reducing the numbers of adult lesser mealworms emerging from caged-layer poultry manure applied to agricultural fields was examined in summer 2002 and 2004. Incorporation treatments included control (no incorporation), disk (7-cm depth), harrow (15-cm depth), chisel plow (30-cm depth), and moldboard plow (33-cm depth) on silt loam soils in New York state. An estimated 55,192 and 183,500 live adult lesser mealworms were applied to the field in 2002 and 2004, respectively. Mortality due to the action of the manure spreader was 32.4% in 2002 and 6.5% in 2004. No significant differences were observed between treatments in 2002. However, moldboard plowing significantly reduced beetle emergence compared with no tillage in 2004. Peak beetle flight was observed 10 and 17 d after manure application in 2002 and 2004, respectively.     

When pouring water on the fire makes it burn brighter

By comparison with its older and better-behaved cousins in the nuclear receptor superfamily, CAR (NR1I3) has always been an oddball. Three new crystal structures recently described in Molecular Cell reveal the molecular basis for some of its bad habits (Xu et al., 2004; Suino et al., 2004; Shan et al., 2004).     

Habitat expansion of an exotic lace bug, Corythucha marmorata (Uhler) (Hemiptera: Tingidae), on the Kii Peninsula and Shikoku Island in western Japan

Habitat expansion of an exotic lace bug Corythucha marmorata (Uhler) was observed on the Kii Peninsula in 2003–2004, and on Shikoku Island between 2004 and 2007. The bug was first sighted in Nishinomiya City in Hyogo Prefecture in 2000, and then further south in central Kii Peninsula in 2003 before reaching the southern tip of the peninsula by 2004. The bug was first observed in the Tokushima and Ehime Prefectures of Shikoku Island in 2004, after which the range expanded and extended across the entire island by 2007. In this study, six wild Asteraceae species were identified as the host plants to the lace bug.     

Why genomics is more than genomes

A report on the 2004 meeting on Molecular Genetics of Bacteria and Bacteriophages, Cold Spring Harbor, USA, 25-29 August 2004.     

The nature,pattern and function of human sequence variation

A report on the 2004 Keystone Symposium 'Human Genome Sequence Variation and the Inherited Basis of Common Disease', Breckenridge, USA, 8-13 January 2004.     

Bacterial comparative genomics

A report on 'Genomes 2004: International Conference on the Analysis of Microbial and Other Genomes', Hinxton, UK, 14-17 April 2004.     

A REVISION OF THE FOSSIL PIRATE SPIDERS (ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE: MIMETIDAE)

Abstract:  Fossil pirate spiders (Araneae: Mimetidae) are revised. The extinct genera Succinero Wunderlich, 2004 a and Palaeoero Wunderlich, 2004 a are interpreted as synonyms of the extant genus Ero C. L. Koch, 1836. We recognize here the following fossil species as valid: E. carboneana Petrunkevitch, 1942, E. longitarsus (Wunderlich, 2004 a ) comb. nov. and E. permunda Petrunkevitch, 1942, all from Baltic amber (Paleogene: Eocene), and E. rovnoensis (Wunderlich, 2004 b ) comb. nov. from Rovno (Ukranian) amber (Paleogene: Eocene). Mimetus bituberculatus Wunderlich, 1988 from Dominican Republic amber (Neogene: Miocene) can be assigned to a specifically American clade of Mimetus Hentz, 1932. Mimetus brevipes Wunderlich, 2004 a from Baltic amber is synonymized with M. longipes Wunderlich, 2004 a syn. nov. Of the other species (all Baltic amber), Ero aberrans Petrunkevitch, 1958 lacks taxonomically useful characters. Ero setulosa C. L. Koch and Berendt, 1854 is based on two non-conspecific, and non-mimetid, spiders. Mimetarchaea gintaras Eskov, 1992 is a subadult male mimetid. The putative oarcine 'missing link' Praeoarces exitus Wunderlich, 2004 a is a subadult female mimetine. All four are treated here as nomina dubia . Other fossil mimetid species in the literature are nomina nuda .     

New replacement names in the family Cossidae (Lepidoptera) in Southern Asia

The names of the Cossidae taxa Garuda Yakovlev, 2004 (type species Garuda galina Yakovlev, 2004) and Nirvana Yakovlev, 2004 (type species Nirvana buddhi Yakovlev, 2004) described by the author from various Eurasian regions are substituted by new names due to the former having been previously preoccupied. The name Garuda Yakovlev, 2004: 375 (type species Garuda galina Yakovlev, 2004) is proposed to be substituted for Garrudiella Yakovlev nom. n., since Garuda was used by Scherer (Scherer 1969: 28) while describing a new species in the family Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) (type species Garuda hindustanica Scherer 1969).     

The ontogeny of the Late Permian terebratulids (Brachiopoda) Gruntelasma Smirnova, Grigorjevaelasma Smirnova, and Campbellelasma Smirnova and their taxonomic position

A specific type of ontogenetic change combining elements of dielasmoid and angustothyridid stages of brachidium development is established for the Late Permian genera Gruntelasma Smirnova, 2004, Grigorjevaelasma Smirnova, 2004, and Campbellelasma Smirnova, 2004 from the Russian Platform. On this basis, these genera are assigned to the superfamily Compositelasmatoidea Smirnova, family Compositelasmatidae.     

Linking summer foraging to winter survival in yellow pine chipmunks (Tamias amoenus)

This study links summer foraging and scatter-hoarding to winter larder-hoarding and winter survival in yellow pine chipmunks (Tamias amoenus) by comparing patterns of time allocation and winter larder contents in 2 years with very different levels of resource availability. In 2003, seed production and the number of trees and shrubs producing seeds were high. In 2004 seed crops were small. Chipmunks allocated more time to foraging when food resources were scarce (66% in 2004) compared to when they were abundant (39% in 2003). Increased time allocated to foraging in 2004 corresponded to significant decreases in time allocated to vigilance, resting, and social interactions. When seeds were scarce (i.e., in autumn 2004), chipmunks spent more time searching for cached food items than gathering seeds from plants or the ground surface. Despite the increase in foraging effort, the edible mass and caloric contents of larders were significantly smaller in 2004. In the year with low seed production, the diversity of seed species found in larders increased, and many of these seeds were of species that ripened in summer. When autumnal seed production by Jeffrey pine seeds was high, Jeffrey pine seeds were nearly the exclusive food item found in larders. Larder contents would have provisioned chipmunks for an estimated 116-257 days in 2003 and but only 6-111 days in 2004. It is likely that all chipmunks would have survived the winter of 2003 (duration ~110-120 days). However, none of the larders recovered in 2004 contained enough food to have provisioned the inhabitant for the ~148-158 days of winter.     

Female Ascetics in Hinduism; The Graceful Guru: Hindu Female Gurus in India and the United States; Offering Flowers, Feeding Skulls: Popular Goddess Worship in West Bengal

Female Ascetics in Hinduism. Lynn Teskey Denton. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2004. 218 pp.
The Graceful Guru: Hindu Female Gurus in India and the United States. Karen Pechilis, ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. 260 pp.
Offering Flowers, Feeding Skulls: Popular Goddess Worship in West Bengal. June McDaniel. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. 356 pp.     

Linkage mapping of 1454 new maize candidate gene Loci

Bioinformatic analyses of maize EST sequences have highlighted large numbers of candidate genes putatively involved in agriculturally important traits. To contribute to ongoing efforts toward mapping of these genes, we used two populations of intermated recombinant inbred lines (IRILs), which allow a higher map resolution than nonintermated RILs. The first panel (IBM), derived from B73 x Mo17, is publicly available from the Maize Genetics Cooperation Stock Center. The second panel (LHRF) was developed from F2 x F252 to map loci monomorphic on IBM. We built framework maps of 237 loci from the IBM panel and 271 loci from the LHRF panel. Both maps were used to place 1454 loci (1056 on map IBM_Gnp2004 and 398 on map LHRF_Gnp2004) that corresponded to 954 cDNA probes previously unmapped. RFLP was mostly used, but PCR-based methods were also performed for some cDNAs to map SNPs. Unlike in usual IRIL-based maps published so far, corrected meiotic centimorgan distances were calculated, taking into account the number of intermating generations undergone by the IRILs. The corrected sizes of our framework maps were 1825 cM for IBM_Gnp2004 and 1862 cM for LHRF_Gnp2004. All loci mapped on LHRF_Gnp2004 were also projected on a consensus map IBMconsensus_Gnp2004. cDNA loci formed clusters near the centromeres except for chromosomes 1 and 8.