两种竹果的胚体类型及系统分类意义

竹类果实胚体类型复杂多样,中胚轴的有无,外胚叶的存在与否,盾片是否具有裂片,第一叶折叠或卷曲为大致的划分标准。胚的类型,胚芽、胚根与盾片的关系,胚体弯曲程度,中胚轴伸长程度及盾片的大小和形态等,在不同的种中有不同的特征。首次报道了花眉竹和融安黄竹这两种竹果的胚体类型分别为P+PP和F+PP及各自的特征,并探讨其系统分类的意义,为竹类植物的系统分类补充解剖学方面的证据。     

竹果胚体类型及其系统分类

报道了１３种竹果的胚体解剖特征,讨论了这些特征在系统分类上的意义。实验证明,竹果胚体的解剖式样是复杂多样的,从而认为,过去把竹亚科的胚型限定为竹型胚,即Ｆ＋ＰＰ型有很大的片面性。竹子的胚型除了与系统分类有一定关系外,还可能与竹子果实类型有关,又可能受其生活环境条件的制约。此外,根据实验,我们发现国内外学者尚未研究的竹胚的某些其它特征,且这些特征与竹子的系统分类也有一定关系,例如,胚体的弯曲程度,胚芽与盾片和胚根与盾片所成角度,中胚轴延伸情况、盾片大小和形状（纵切面观）等,这些特征对于同一种竹子是比较稳定的,而对于不同竹种和不同竹子类群来说总是存在着或多或少的差异。     

芡个体发育早期的研究

本文研究了芡个体发育的早期, 即心形胚至种苗。心形胚至成熟胚表现为:苗端先发育, 根端弱育;胚芽叶节上的节生根原基先发育, 根端无明显分化。种子胚至种苗表现为:种子萌发时, 下胚轴末端产生多细胞分枝下胚轴毛;种苗形成中, 节生根先发育, 胚根后发育, 且长达1mm左右即停止生长。这些器官发育顺序上的特点在被子植物中是很特殊的, 应该是系统发生上的原始性状。下胚轴毛是水生或湿生被子植物比较普遍的性状, 是区分下胚轴与胚根的指示性状。     

Leaf Anatomy of Fourteen Species in Carex Subgenus Indocarex (Cyperaceae)

Among the subgenera of the genus Carex, the subgenus Indocarex has been seldom studied in any respects, Its systematic position and its subdivision are still disputable. Leaf anatomy of 14 species in the subgenus lndocarex from China was studied. The anatomical characters are proved to be systematically valuable. (1) Characters of lamina transverse section: All leaves of these 14 species are dorsiventral. The outline mostly V-shaped, occasionally flat or nearly flat, with adaxial lateral rib in each half of lamina and some of them flanged. The cells of adaxial surface larger than those of abaxial surface, and the epidermal cells over veins usually smaller than others. Air-cavities between vascular bundles are well developed, and bulliform cells also well developed in most taxa. The vascular bundles are collaterai, bundle sheaths double-layered, and the outer sheath parenchymatous and the inner sheath fibrous. (2) Characters of lamina epidermis: The shape of the cell on both surfaces is generally rectangular, and the anticlinal wall of epidermal cell sinuous; stomata is paracytic, elliptic to oblong, rarely sub-circular; prickles occur on adaxial surfaces of certain species; papillae are only obvious on abaxial surface of C. moupinensis Franch. The characters of transverse section and epidermis of leaf blades of these 14 species differ from each other to certain degree, and closely related species are similar in anatomical characters. The anatomical characters of lamina are of value for classification at specific and sectional level of the subgenus Indocarex. Despite of the variation of these characters among species, a certain num ber of characters appears to be shared by the members of the subgenus, and some of the common characters are primitive. In addition, some gross morphological characters are common and primitive also. Therefore, the subgenus Indocarex may be primitive in the genus Carex. The anatomical and morphological characters of C. scaposa C. B. Clakre and C. densifimbriata Tang et Wang ex S. Y. Liang are distinct. The two species and their allies should be treated as section instead of subsection. The three species in the sectionPolystachyae share some anatomical characters and comprise a coherent group.     

苔草属复序苔草亚属十四种植物叶片的解剖学研究

选择中国复序苔草亚属6组4亚组的代表植物14种,进行了叶片解剖学研究,观察了其横切面 和表皮特征,证明上述特征在各类群之间存在差异,具有一定的系统学意义。这14种植物叶片的横切 面和表皮都具有一些原始的性状,表明复序苔草亚属中的植物可能在苔草属中是较原始的。在所观察 的植物中,Sect．Polystachyae植物叶片解剖学特征比较一致,说明此组的建立比较合理;而Sect．Indicae 组已有明显分化,尤其是Carex scaposa C．B．Clarke和C．densifimbriata Tang et S．Y．Liang 与其它植物明显不同,而且其外部形态特征在复序苔草亚属中也比较独特,因此赞成将它们及其近缘类群做为一个组而非亚组。     

Taxonomic implication of embryo micromorphology in the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vicia</Emphasis> L. (Fabaceae)

In this work, embryos of selected Vicia species were examined to reveal the micromorphological characters that could have taxonomic significance. Experimental results show that morphological characters such as cotyledons shape and colour, radicle shape, colour and position, plumule colour and stipular parts attachments are variable and could be used for taxa identification in the genus Vicia. Numerical analysis based on 38 micromorphological characters was used to build a phenogram that indicated the relationships among the studied taxa. In addition, an identification key using embryo characters was prepared for Vicia species. The variability of embryo characters were discussed in the taxonomic context. Although the embryo characters have only limited phylogenetic signal for Vicia species, they might be used for their morphological delimitation.     

菰属系统与演化研究—胚形态

本文采用光学显微镜对全世界菰属４种２亚种及其有关属种共４属７种的胚形态进行系统研究后,获得菰属Ｚｉｚａｎｉａ Ｌ．与山涧草Ｃｈｉｋｕｓｉｃｈｌｏａ ａｐｕａｔｉｃａ Ｋｏｉｄｚ．的胚型为Ｆ＋ＦＰ,稻Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．与拟菰Ｚｉｚａｎｉｏｐｓｉｓ ｍｉｌｉａｃｅａ（Ｍｉｃｈｘ．）Ｄｏｅｌｌ ＆ Ａｓｃｈｅｒｓ．的胚型为Ｆ＋ＦＰ,其中山涧草的胚型为首次报导。根据胚型,这４属均应位在禾本科Ｇ     

缺苞箭竹密度对其生物量分配格局的影响

研究了一个生长季节内缺苞箭竹(Fargesiadenudata)紫果云杉(Piceapurpurea)原始林下不同密度缺苞箭竹群落的生物量及其分配格局.结果表明,缺苞箭竹群落生物量、净生产量、平均单株生物量、地上部分生物量、地下部分生物量随密度的增加而增大,而缺苞箭竹地上部分净增长率却随密度的增加而降低.在一个生长季节内,缺苞箭竹地上部分与地下部分生长相关性随密度的增加而增大.除指数生长期(7、8月)外,缺苞箭竹地上部分/地下部分生物量比在生长季节内随密度增加而增大,但在缺苞箭竹生长的指数生长期,中等密度有较大的地上部分/地下部分生物量比.缺苞箭竹生物量在各器官的分配取决于密度和生长时期,密度对缺苞箭竹的生物量分配格局有显著影响.     

GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH IN ECHINOCHLOA CRUS-GALLI VAR. ORYZICOLA UNDER ANOXIC CONDITIONS: STRUCTURAL ASPECTS

The morphological and cellular basis of anoxic germination in Echinochloa crus-galli var. oryzicola is reported. The embryo of E. crus-galli var. oryzicola is typically panicoid in its overall morphology, and is relatively large with a prominent coleoptile and mesocotyl. The response to anoxia is essentially the same in light and dark. Shoot growth occurs in both mesocotyl and coleoptile by cell elongation with no cell division. There is no emergence of the radicle without oxygen. Under anoxia the growth response is not the same as etiolation; there is no plumule elongation within the coleoptile, no protochlorophyll(ide) is found, and limited mesocotyl elongation occurs without oxygen. Air-dark treatment after anoxic germination results in a typical etiolated morphological response, including a resumption of mesocotyl growth, elongation of the plumule within the coleoptile, and initiation of pigment synthesis. These results indicate the effects of anoxia are not permanent but rather limiting and reversible.     

基于MaxEnt与ArcGIS对白水江国家级自然保护区缺苞箭竹适生区分析

缺苞箭竹是甘肃白水江国家级自然保护区大熊猫的主要食用竹种之一,是该区天然分布最广的一种箭竹,掌握其地理分布对于野生大熊猫的保护具有重要意义。通过野外实地调查和数据整理,获取缺苞箭竹有效分布记录共73条,同时对保护区气候、土壤、地形和蒸散4类45个环境变量进行多重共线性分析,筛选出7个气候变量、3个土壤变量、2个地形变量和2个蒸散变量作为模型输入;进而采用最大熵模型MaxEnt与地理信息系统ArcGIS模拟缺苞箭竹的地理分布,分析环境变量对缺苞箭竹分布的影响,并划分适生区等级,分析适生区环境特征。结果表明,基于最大熵模型的缺苞箭竹受试者工作特征曲线AUC值为0.932,模型结果很好,可信度高。刀切法检验结果表明,最冷月份的最低温度、海拔、温度季节性变化的标准差、最潮湿月份的降雨量、年温度范围对缺苞箭竹分布影响较大。适生区分析显示,缺苞箭竹集中分布在保护区西部,适生面积为584.76 km²,占保护区总面积的31.13%,其中最适生区面积103.15 km²,其特征是最冷月份的最低温度-15～-9℃,海拔2148～3468 m。研究认为,最大熵模...