一例涉及六条染色体有三个易位的畸变

本文报道了一例极为罕见的、涉及六条染色体有三个易位的染色体结构畸变。患者为10个月龄的幼儿,智力明显低下。取外周血淋巴细胞作G显带染色体标本,核型分析60个中期细胞的结果,每个核型均具有涉及2、3;6、15;7、14号六条染色体的三个易位,其核型按国际体制可表示为46,XY,t(2;3)(q37;q25),t(6;15)(q13;p11),t(7;14)(q11;q13)。     

一例带有两条9号染色体次缢痕丢失的患者及其家系的细胞遗传学研究

本文报道了一例两条9号染色体次缢痕缺失的女性病例,临床表现为严重智力低下和语言障碍。经外周血淋巴细胞染色体G、C显带分析,确定其核型为46,XX,del(9)del(9)(pter→q11∷q13→qter)。又对其父母及妹妹进行了染色体分析,患者之父与两个妹妹的核型均正常,其母是46,XX,del(9)(pter→q11∷q13→qter)核型的携带者。     

花臭蛙核型、C-带、银袋的研究

花臭蛙Rana schmackeri的核型为2n=26,NF=52。各号染色体均具着丝粒区C-带, 2q、3q、4p、9q、上具居间区C-带、5未端具端粒区带。花臭蛙仅有一对NORs,位于10q上。另外还对无指盘臭蛙、绿臭蛙与花臭蛙的染色体进行了比较。     

无精和严重少精症患者的遗传缺陷分析——-附2例世界首报染色体异常核型

对217例无精和严重少精症患者外周血淋巴细胞染色体核型进行分析,并采用聚合酶链反应对7例Y染色体结构异常患者的AZFc区进行检测。发现187例无精症患者中检出异常核型77例（41.18%）（其中46,XY,t(6;14)(p21;p13),46,XY,t(8;12)(p21;q24)为世界首报核型）,主要涉及染色体异常（数目异常和结构异常）;染色体异态（Y染色体异态和9号染色体臂间倒位）及46,XX性反转;30例严重少精症患者中检出异常核型4例（13.33%）（结构异常和46,XX性反转）。由此可见,性染色体数目和结构异常是精子发生障碍的主要原因,其次常染色体的某些断裂点也可能影响精子发生。AZFc区的缺失与否与精子发生也有直接关系。     

薏苡45S和5S rDNA的染色体定位研究(简报)

通过荧光原位杂交的方法确定了45S和5S正NA序列在薏苡前中期染色体上的位置.尽管具有20条染色体的薏苡是四倍体植物,但它的基因组中只有一个45S和5S rDNA位点.根据薏苡前中期染色体的核型,确定45S rDNA序列位于薏苡第2号染色体短臂上的次级缢痕区和随体上,5S rDNA序列位于第7号染色体长臂靠近着丝粒处,5S rDNA位点到着丝粒的百分距离是29.13±1.76.     

七种紫胶虫染色体核型分析与亲缘关系探讨

对7种具有重大经济价值的紫胶虫染色体数量、形态及核型进行了分析和比较.7种紫胶虫的染色体形状有棒状、卵圆形、肾形、椭圆形、长圆形以及哑铃形,染色体数目均为2n=18.从核型分析上看,7种紫胶虫的染色体均由中部(或近中部)着丝点染色体与端部着丝点染色体组成,有K=10m 8T, K=8m 10T,K=6m 12T,K=4m 14T四种不同的组成方式.采用Leven et al(1964)、Stebbins(1971)以及Guo et al(1972)核型分类标准对7种紫胶虫进行核型分析,结果显示:信德紫胶虫与紫胶蚧在着丝粒类型、核型对称性和相对长度组成上相一致,因此两者亲缘关系最近;尼泊尔紫胶虫与普萨紫胶虫在核型不对称系数与染色体类型上相近似,两者的关系较为紧密;田紫胶虫与云南紫胶虫的染色体均是由8条中部(或近中部)着丝粒染色体与10条端部着丝粒染色体组成,亲缘关系也较紧密;而中华紫胶虫的核型较为特殊,与其他6种差异较大,亲缘关系较远.研究结果澄清了紫胶生产虫种在分类上的混淆,证实了中国紫胶生产虫种为云南紫胶虫.     

尾斑瘰螈的核型和C带研究

用常规Giemsa染色和BSG技术研究了尾斑瘰螈的核型和C带。该螈的染色体数 为2n=24,包括9对中部着丝粒染色体和3对亚中部着丝粒染色体(Nos. 7、10、11);BSG显带处理后全部染色体都显示了弱的着丝粒带,同时还显示了46条近着丝粒区插入带; 其核型和C带均不同于已研究过的国内蝾螈科动物,未发现与性别有关的异形色体。     

纯合等臂假双着丝粒X染色体致性腺发育不良1例病例报告与文献复习

目的提高对纯合等臂假双着丝粒X染色体特纳综合征的鉴别诊断和临床特征的认识。方法用染色体核型分析技术,对1例14岁女性发育迟缓、先天子宫及双侧卵巢缺如患者的外周血细胞做细胞遗传学检查;用荧光原位杂交(FISH)和染色体微阵列芯片技术(chromosome microarray assay, CMA)进行验证。结果:发现该患者染色体核型为纯合等臂假双着丝粒X染色体;FISH检测在间期细胞中确认有3个X染色体着丝粒,在中期细胞中确认了其中2个着丝粒位于同一条染色体;CMA检测确认了Xpter-Xq22.1的片段重复及Xq22.1-Xqter的片段缺失。结论确诊患者为特纳综合征;纯合等臂双着丝粒X染色体的TS患者比较罕见,染色体核型分析、FISH及CMA技术的合理组合应用,有助于鉴别诊断并可能指导早期治疗。     

大绒鼠的分带核型研究

本文采用G带、C带和银染核仁组织者(Ag-NORs)等技术,对大绒鼠(Eothe nomys miletus miletus)的核型进行观察分析。结果表明:2n=56,常染色体和性染色体皆为单臂染色体。X染色体的长度接近于No.1染色体,Y染色体的长度相当于14号染色体。G分带可鉴别每对染色体的特征,C-带核型中全部着丝点C带均显示不同程度的阳性。Y染色体整条呈阳性。Ag-NORs有5对,分别分布于1、2、6、14和27号染色体的着丝粒附近。通过核型分析,对大绒鼠的分类地位进行了初步探讨。     

赤链蛇染色体组型、C型和Ag—NORs的研究

以骨髓细胞为材料研究赤链蛇的染色体,结果表明该物种2n=46,由8对大型的和15对微小的染色体组成,AF＝50。性染色体的大小介于3号和4号之间,为ZW;8大型染色体均显示着丝粒C带,1－6号还显示浅染端粒C带。W染色体为整条C带阳性,该物种一对NOR位于7号染色体近着丝粒区。不同地理分布群赤链蛇核型可能经历过Z与W染色体不等交换。     

江淮丘陵地区油-稻轮作条件下土壤硫库变化研究

江淮丘陵地区下蜀系黄土母质发育的水稻土油2稻轮作试验表明, 油菜种植期间, 耕层土壤硫主要来源于耕层以下土层的补给, 其次是大气干湿沉降;该时期耕层土壤硫输出主要是油菜吸收, 其次是淋失.油菜种植期间耕层土壤硫输入量小于输出, 导致耕层土壤硫库下降8.76kg·hm^-2, 22%来自无机硫库的下降.水稻种植期间, 耕层土壤硫输入主要来自灌溉水, 其次是底土层的补给和大气干湿沉降;而硫输出主要是淋失, 其次是水稻吸收.耕层土壤硫输入量大于输出, 导致耕层土壤硫库增加18.69kg·hm^-2, 18%来自无机硫库的增加.全年油2稻轮作期间耕层土壤硫输入量大于输出, 导致耕层土壤硫库增加9.93kg·hm^-2, 13%来自无机硫库的增加.     

Arginase from rat fibrosarcoma. Purification and properties

Arginase from rat fibrosarcoma was purified about 1900-fold and its properties were compared with those of the enzyme from liver and kidney. Arginase from fibrosarcoma was a neutral protein of molecular weight 120,000 with a K_m value of 11 mM for arginine. The activation energy was 7.2 kcal/mol and the pH optimum was 10. The fibrosarcoma enzyme was immunologically different from that of the liver. The arginase from fibrosarcoma closely resembled the arginase from the kidney in its electrophoretic, kinetic and immunological properties.     

Comparative studies on thymidylate synthetase from P. berghei and mouse reticulocytes

Partially purified thymidylate synthetase from Plasmodium berghei and mouse reticulocytes was characterized. The mol. wt of the enzyme from P. berghei was about twice that from mouse reticulocytes. The optimum pH of the enzyme from P. berghei was found to be 6.5-7.5 while that from the host was 7.0-8.0. The enzyme from P. berghei was more susceptible to pH denaturation than the enzyme from reticulocytes. The enzyme from both sources differed in their Km values for substrates. The enzyme from reticulocytes was less sensitive to inhibition by substrate analogs than that from P. berghei.     

Colour remediation of pulp mill effluent using purified fungal cellobiose dehydrogenase: reaction optimisation and mechanism of degradation

Cellobiose dehydrogenase purified from two different fungal sources was assessed for its ability to remove and/or reduce colour from pulp mill bleach plant effluent. Cellobiose dehydrogenase purified from Phanerochaete chrysosporium was shown to prefer acidic conditions and was consequently used to treat the acid effluent stream discharged from a pulp mill bleach plant, while an analogous enzyme originating from Humicola insolens preferred alkaline conditions, and was applied to the effluent discharged from the caustic sewer of the bleach plant. Both enzyme preparations were able to remove colour from their respective effluent sources to a comparable extent. Up to 50% of the effluent colour was removed within 4 days when treated under optimised conditions. Furthermore, it was also shown that this enzymatic approach was effective at removing colour generated by both softwood and hardwood resources. Mechanistically, it was shown that colour was removed from all molecular weight fractions, and the higher molecular weight material (>300 kDa) was concurrently preferentially degraded. Cellobiose dehydrogenase treatment of effluent did not target phenolic, stilbene, or alpha-carbonyl structures, but did affect the quinone content. Further investigations using model compounds confirmed these results, and subsequently showed that only the para-quinones with low substitution were reduced with cellobiose dehydrogenase.     

10种植物乙醇提取物对金银花蚜虫的生物活性研究

采用微量滴定法测定了10种植物乙醇提取物对金银花蚜虫的生物活性.结果表明,10种植物乙醇提取物对金银花蚜虫均有一定的驱避活性和毒杀作用.在10 mg/mL的浓度下,臭椿、曼陀罗和桂花的提取物对金银花蚜虫的驱避作用较强,其在12 h的驱避率分别为78.74％、77.54％、75.11％;夏枯草提取物的驱避效果最弱,12 h的驱避率为58.53％.随着处理时间的延长,各植物提取物的驱避效果均呈下降趋势;印楝提取物的毒杀活性最强,72 h后的校正死亡率达68.30％;曼陀罗和苦瓜的作用次之,72 h后的校正死亡率分别为66.41％和63.70％;夏枯草提取物的作用最低,72 h后的校正死亡率仅为26.47％.进一步的毒力分析表明,印楝提取物对金银花蚜虫的毒力较强,24h的Lc.值为11.0836 mg,/mL.     

安徽省三种产地竹黄菌培养的初步研究

首次对安徽省三种产地的竹黄菌进行了组织分离培养和液体发酵,比较了该菌固体生长状况和液体发酵形成的竹红菌素产量。结果显示,广德卢村的菌种平皿生长速度为0．31cm／d,液体发酵产生的竹红菌素吸光度为0．21;宁国板桥菌种平皿生长速度为0．30cm／d,液体发酵产生的竹红菌素吸光度为0．30;休宁武城的竹黄菌平皿生长速度为1．85cm／d,菌株液体发酵产生的竹红菌素吸光度为O．39。结论表明,休宁武城菌种无论是平皿生长速度还是发酵形成的竹红菌素量都明显优于其它两地的菌株。     

Volatile constituents from cauliflower and other crucifers

Vapour emanating from intact turnip and radish plants contained small amounts of only one component, probably hexenyl acetate, distinguishable from background vapours. From disrupted leaf tissues of cauliflower, turnip, radish and wallflower at 30°, the predominant vapour component was cis-hex-3-enyl acetate, whereas allyl isothiocyanate was the chief component from Brassica juncea. Other minor components were also identified. Apart from isothiocyanates, the only sulphur-containing component identified from these crucifers was dimethyl disulphide which was detected only from cauliflower, particularly in vapour from disrupted curd tissue.     

Effect of ethanol on activity of the plasma-membrane ATPase in, and accumulation of glycine by, Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The pH optimum of the ATPase activity in plasma membranes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC 431 from 8 h cultures was around 6.5 and that in membranes from organisms from 16 h cultures near 6.0. The Km[ATP] of the enzyme was virtually unaffected by the age of the culture from which organisms were harvested, although the Vmax of the enzyme in membranes from organisms from 8 h cultures was higher than that for organisms from 16 h cultures. Ethanol non-competitively inhibited ATPase activity in membranes, although the inhibition constant for the enzyme from organisms from 8 h cultures was lower than that from organisms from 16 h cultures. Glycine accumulation by the general amino acid permease was non-competitively inhibited by ethanol. Inhibition constants were virtually the same for glycine uptake by deenergized organisms from 8 h and 16 h cultures, but under energized conditions the value was greater for organisms from 16 h rather than 8 h cultures. The data indicate that inhibition of plasma-membrane ATPase activity by ethanol could account, at least in part, for inhibition of glycine accumulation by ethanol.     

生精细胞及精子赖氨酸含量的研究

本实验取１０只Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠的睾丸和附睾,睾丸石蜡切片,附睾精子涂片后用苯胺蓝染色显示赖氨酸含量。结果是睾丸生精小管中精原细胞和精母细胞染色较深即赖氨酸含量较高,精子细胞和精子染色渐淡即赖氨酸含量降低,而附睾精子显示,在附睾头部的精子染色较深,附睾尾部的精子几乎不着色,应用显微分光光度计测定附睾精子,计算出头部的精子赖氨酸含量在１左右,尾部的精子赖氨酸含量接近于零。本实验还检测了１０例正常人及１０例不育者精子的赖氨酸,结果为正常人精子的赖氨酸含量较低,不育者精子赖氨酸含量高且畸形率也高。提示精子赖氨酸含量高是核蛋白转型异常的征象,可能是男性不育的一个重要原因。     

Comparison of C-S Lyase in Lentinus edodes and Allium sativum

The characteristics of C-S lyase in Lentinus edodes (shiitake) were compared with those in Allium sativum (garlic). C-S lyase mRNA from shiitake was hybridized with the garlic C-S lyase cDNA fragment, being almost the same length as that from garlic. The isoelectric point of the C-S lyase from shiitake was between pH 4 and 5, while that from garlic was over a wider range between pH 4 and 8. Different from the C-S lyase from garlic, that from shiitake was not a glycoprotein without being stained by PAS, and was not bound to the anti-garlic C-S lyase antibody. Similar to garlic C-S lyase, shiitake C-S lyase comprised a homodimer, and its molecular mass was 84 kDa. However, the N-terminal amino acid sequences of each subunit of shiitake C-S lyase were totally different from those of garlic C-S lyase.