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2010年3月至2011年7月对西双版纳少数民族传统利用的药食两用植物进行民族植物学调查,通过访谈和野外调查工作,收集并记录了关于当地社区传统利用药食两用植物的传统知识以及其他相关信息,并选择了其中20种植物进行抗菌活性的筛选。共调查统计了43科95种西双版纳传统利用的药食两用植物,从分类学角度来看,以茄科(6种)和唇形科(6种)最多,其中草本植物占了最大比例,为49.5%。对其中20种植物的抗菌活性筛选结果显示,只有马蓝(Baphicacanthus cusia)和旋花茄(Sola-humspirale)对金黄色葡萄球菌有抑菌活性。从调查中可以看出:药食两用植物的利用在当地人的日常生活中仍占有相当重要的分量。但随着近年来经济快速发展导致的传统知识的急剧流失和森林的大面积砍伐,很多植物已经逐渐从人们的生活中淡出.如何保护这些传统知识并使其能够可持续发展下去是一个值得思考的问题。 相似文献
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《生物资源》2021,(4)
采用民族植物学的研究方法和手段,对云南省西双版纳州傣族常用药食两用植物及其利用进行调查研究。结果表明,西双版纳有傣族常用药食两用植物226种(含变种),隶属于76科184属。其中,双子叶植物62科179种,单子叶植物11科44种,蕨类植物1科2种,裸子植物1科1种。生活型以草本植物为主,有101种,占比44.69%。优势科主要集中在豆科(Fabaceae)17种、葫芦科(Cucurbitaceae)12种和姜科(Zingiberaceae)11种;单种属优势明显,有162属,占总属数的88.04%,占总种数的71.68%。傣族药食两用植物的利用以蔬菜类居多,有108种,其次是水果类有50种。傣医药用部位以地下部分最多;药效以清火解毒种类最多,有122种植物具有该功效。做了化学成分、营养成分和安全性评价试验的植物分别有189种、98种和144种。本文对西双版纳傣族药食两用植物资源、传统食用方法、傣医应用知识及研究现状进行了调查研究,可为傣族药食两用植物资源的进一步开发利用提供科学依据。 相似文献
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运用民族植物学的研究方法,通过关键信息报告人访谈法以及与自然教育相结合的问卷调查法,对重庆金佛山地区居民利用野生药食两用植物的种类及传统知识进行了调查和研究。结果显示:金佛山地区居民常用的野生药食两用植物共55科100属117种(含变种和变型),其中以蔷薇科(Rosaceae)(15种)、菊科(Asteraceae)(13种)和百合科(Liliaceae)(11种)种类较多。根据食用价值,该地区药食两用植物可以分为茶饮类(代茶类54种和药酒类18种)、野菜类(46种)、野果类(水果类24种和坚果类2种)、调味品类(5种)和淀粉类(3种)。根据药食两用植物的食用部位,食用部位为嫩茎叶(32种)、根(31种)和果(29种)的种类较多,食用部位为叶(嫩叶)(14种)和全株(10种)的种类也较多,其他食用部位的种类较少。该地区药食两用植物共具有45种药效,其中具清热、解毒、祛风湿、止痛、滋补、止血、止咳、活血、利尿、化痰、促消化和消肿等药效的种类较多。综合分析结果显示:金佛山地区居民拥有丰富的药食两用植物传统知识与该地区丰富的植物资源和自然气候条件以及当地居民保健治病的需求有关。该地区药食两用植物的传统知识主要通过家庭中长辈向晚辈口授手传的方式传承。民族植物学知识的应用对金佛山地区居民在家乡生产创业、改善当地居民经济条件、减少留守儿童问题和促进地区经济发展有重要意义。 相似文献
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运用民族植物学“5W+lH”提问法,结合访谈方法、集市调查和野外调查进行编目,研究了凉山彝族自治州冕宁县饮食文化中食用野生植物的传统知识.结果表明:1)冕宁县饮食文化中利用的野生植物种类隶属于45科91属110种,其中传统粮用植物4种、野生蔬菜53种、野果植物37种、调味植物6种、酿造植物4种、药食两用植物16种、代茶植物15种;2)冕宁县彝族和汉族饮食文化中对野生植物利用有叠合又各自传承发展的特征;3)对彝族和汉族饮食文化中的野生植物利用现状形成的原因进行了分析,就如何保护传统知识进行了探讨,对可持续利用当地的野生食用植物资源提出建议. 相似文献
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目的:为山东省药食两用植物资源的开发利用和生物多样性保护提供理论参考。方法:以山东省药食两用植物资源作为研究对象,通过野外调查与文献整理相结合的方法,整理出植物名录进行分析。结果:山东省药食两用植物共75科223属349种;其优势科为菊科、蔷薇科、豆科,优势属为蒿属、百合属、芸薹属;植物区系性质属于温带性质;植物生活型草本类占有绝对优势,其他依次为乔木、灌木和藤本;食用部位比例由高到低依次为嫩茎叶类、鲜幼苗类、果实(皮)类、根茎类、种子及种仁类、花及花粉类;野生药食两用植物有219种,栽培药食两用植物有130种。结论:山东省药食两用植物资源多样性丰富。 相似文献
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芹菜化学成分及药理活性研究进展 总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24
介绍了芹菜的化学成分及药理活性研究概况。芹菜主要含有挥发油、脂肪酸和黄酮类等化学成分,具有抗菌杀虫、抗氧化、抗肿瘤及抗心血管疾病等药理活性。作为药食两用且广泛种植的植物,对其进行进一步的研究和开发具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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对云南省西双版纳地区17种龙脑香科树种根系丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhiza, AM)真菌的定居情况进行了调查,并对根围土壤中AM真菌进行了分离和鉴定。结果表明,调查根样均有不同程度的菌根感染,感染率最高可达40%,调查揭示了西双版纳地区龙脑香科植物在自然条件下可形成丛枝菌根。初步从龙脑香科植物根际土壤中分离、鉴定出32种AM真菌,隶属于无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)、球囊霉属(Glomus)、原囊霉属(Achaeospora)、拟球囊霉属(Paraglomus)和盾巨孢囊霉属(Scutellospora),其中,无梗囊霉属和球囊霉属真菌为西双版纳地区龙脑香科植物AM真菌优势类群。 相似文献
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木本曼陀罗内生真菌抗菌活性的筛选研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从木本曼陀罗植物内生真菌中筛选高效抗菌活性的菌株。选择与人类和植物相关的36株病原微生物,分别对分离自木本曼陀罗(Datura arborea L.)植物的内生真菌77株进行了发酵代谢产物的抗菌活性筛选研究。结果显示:对细菌病原菌、皮肤致病真菌、植物致病真菌有抑制作用的内生真菌分别有24,9,17株,其中5株内生真菌对10种以上的供试病原菌有明显的抑制作用,活性最好的1株对20种病原菌有较强抑制活性,最大抑菌圈直径达48mm。这说明木本曼陀罗植物内生真菌抗菌能力较强,抗菌谱较广。 相似文献
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目的:为湖北省恩施土家族苗族自治州药食两用野生植物资源的保护和利用提供参考。方法:采用野外调查、问卷调查、关键人物访谈、文献查阅和编目等多种方法相结合对恩施土家族苗族自治州药食两用植物资源进行调查研究。结果:本次调研收集整理的药食两用植物共有47科、87属、106种,优势科、属分别为蔷薇科和悬钩子属,以多年生草本植物占绝对优势;在科的植物区系组成上以世界广布和泛热带分布地理成分为主,在属的植物区系组成上以北温带分布及其变型地理成分为主;国家级保护物种10种,进入IUCN极危、近危和易危名录的有6种;在食用价值上以野菜、野果和茶饮类为主,食用部位以茎、叶和果为主,食用方式则以炒、鲜食和泡酒为主;在药用及保健功效上以清热解毒和止痛为主。结论:湖北恩施药食两用野生植物资源较为丰富,药用及保健功效与武陵山区潮湿多雨的气候特点相适应,建议在保护好少数濒危物种的基础上加大开发。 相似文献
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GU Wei YANG Jun YANG Fu-Mei SUN Qian-Yun WANG Yue-Hu LONG Chun-Lin 《Plant Diversity》2014,36(1):99-108
An ethnobotanical study was conducted through interview and field work during 20103-20117 to determine the wild medicine food plants used by the local people of Xishuangbanna, southwest Yunnan, China. All information provided on the uses of medicine food plants by local communities was documented. In addition, the disk diffusion method was used to test the antibacterial activities of some plants. A total of 95 plant species belonging to 43 families were reported as medicine food plants, with Solanaceae (6 species) and Lamiaceae (6 species) being the most represented families. Most plants used were herbs (495%), of which 20 were screened for antibacterial activities. Baphicacanthus cusia and Solanum spirale showed moderate antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus. Our interviews revealed that in the study area wild plants are still commonly used for food and medicinal purposes by people in their daily lives. However, there is a gradual loss of traditional knowledge about these plants due to a decline in inter generational transmission of knowledge. Loss of this precious knowledge is a major concern. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Wild food plants (WFPs) contribute to the nutrition, economy and even cultural identity of people in many parts of the world. Different factors determine the preference and use of WFPs such as abundance, availability, cultural preference, economic conditions, shortage periods or unsecure food production systems. Understanding these factors and knowing the patterns of selection, use and cultural significance and value of wild food plants for local communities is helpful in setting priorities for conservation and/or domestication of these plants. Thus in this study knowledge of wild food plant use among four groups namely Dai, Lahu, Hani and Mountain Han in Naban River Watershed National Nature Reserve ((NRWNNR), Xishuangbanna were documented and analyzed to find the similarity and difference among their plant use. METHODS: Data on wild food plant use was collected through freelisting and semi-structured interviews and participatory field collection and direct observation. Botanical plant sample specimens were collected, prepared, dried and identified. RESULTS: A total of 173 species and subspecies from 64 families and one species of lichen (Ramalina sp.) are used as WFP. There were differences on the saliency of wild food plant species among four ethnic groups. Consensus analysis revealed that knowledge of wild food plant use for each ethnic group differs from others with some variation in each group. Among informant attributes only age was related with the knowledge if wild food plant use, whereas no significant relationship was found between gender and age*gender and informants knowledge of wild food plant use. CONCLUSION: Wild food plants are still used extensively by local people in the NRWNNR, some of them on a daily base. This diversity of wild food plants provide important source of nutrients for the local communities which much of their caloric intake comes from one or few crops. The results also show the role of ethnicity on the preference and use of wild food plants. There is a big potential for harvesting, participatory domestication and marketing of WFPs especially in the tourism sector in the area. 相似文献
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贵州凯里药市的侗族药用植物 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
凯里药市最初由当地少数民族自发组织,药市中不仅有大量的苗族传统药用植物,而且侗族传统药用植物十分丰富,为了掌握该药市侗族药用植物的现状,该研究运用民族植物学和植物分类学等方法于2014—2017年对凯里药市交易的侗族药用植物进行了6次详细调查。结果表明:该药市出售的侗族药用植物种类较多,共有65科100属111种,其中以广义百合科(Liliaceae)植物(6种,5.4%)为主,其次为伞形科(Umbelliferae)、菊科(Compositae)、天南星科(Araceae)植物(各5种,各占4.5%),再次为苦苣苔科(Gesneriaceae)植物(4种,3.6%)。从植物生活型来看,草本占有绝对优势,共有88种,占79.3%;用药部位具有多样化,但全草类药材占总数的一半。该研究还对药市中侗族和苗族交易的药用植物进行了比较分析,得出凯里药市交易的侗族药材具有独特的地域性和民族性,尤以治疗风湿关节、跌打损伤等常见疾病为主,并对凯里药市的可持续发展提出了建议。 相似文献
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云南高黎贡山怒族对植物传统利用的初步研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
采用民族生物学和文化人类学等方法,广泛调查和研究了云南西北部高黎贡山地区怒族对植物的传统利用形式。结果表明:怒族对植物的传统利用主要表现在食用、药用、观赏、宗教祟拜和文化利用等方面。讨论了怒族的传统文化在当地植物多样性利用和管理中的作用和意义,并探讨了在植物多样性管理中传统管理和现代管理之间的关系以及在我国利用文化多样性进行自然生态环境保护的可能性、必要性和可行性。此外,面对优秀的传统文化知识和文化多样性逐渐消失的现实,作者建议加以拯救和广泛的研究。 相似文献
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Gongcheng is the second largest county in Guangxi with about 163000 Yao population. Periodic Markets are important places for trading of medicinal plants harvested by Gongcheng Yao villagers. The study aimed to look into the marked traded medicinal plants that are used by local people for curing various ailments. Ethnobotanical market survey methods, interviews, Participatory Action Research (PAR) and field visits were planned to elicit information on the uses of various medicinal plants. It was found that 71 plant species in the market which belong to 41 families are commonly used by local people for curing various diseases, all species are wild plants. A total of 133 records of medical uses in 52 herbal recipes for the treatment some common diseases. In most of the recipes recorded, digestion diseases, respiratory system diseases, infectious diseases,rheumatological diseases and surgery are used. The traditional knowledge about the number of medicinal plants available in that area and used by interviewees was positively correlated with the threats on medicinal plants in the wild habitats of the research area, which indicating that the diversity of wild medicinal plants and the associated traditional knowledge trends to disappear in the area. 相似文献
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In 1969, Galt and Galt conducted an ethnobotanical survey in the community of Khamma on the volcanic island of Pantelleria, Italy. Since then, a number of botanical studies concerning the local wild flora and cultivation of the zibibbo grape and capers have been conducted, but none have investigated traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) regarding the use of wild plants and fungi. We documented the current TEK and practices concerning wild plants and fungi on the island, focusing on uses related to food and medicine with 42 in-depth interviews in six communities in June 2014. Our aim was to examine shifts in TEK, represented in terms of loss or gain of specific species uses, in comparison to the 1969 study. All interviews were conducted in person in Italian with prior informed consent. We employed two primary means of eliciting responses concerning traditional practices; informants were asked to: 1) free-list the most commonly used plants for wild foods, general medicine, and skin remedies; and 2) view and discuss a booklet composed of photos of species reported in the Galt and Galt study. In total, 86 botanical and 19 fungal species representing 53 families were cited. While many plant-based traditions have disappeared from daily practice, especially those related to traditional fishing and hunting, they remain in the memories of the eldest subset of the population. For example, one of the most pervasive species in the landscape, Opuntia ficus-indica, has current day uses that persist as a food source, but its past applications were much more diverse, and included manipulation into hunting snares for birds. Other predominant flora included a number of Euphorbia spp., whose toxic latex was regularly used as a fish poison. Fungi, on the other hand, nowadays represent an important source of wild food. In conclusion, we documented a decline in knowledge and practice of TEK related to ritual healing, livestock rearing, hunting and fishing practices and an increase in TEK concerning newly introduced edible fungi. 相似文献
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A total of 393 species (sub type included) in 267 genera, 97 families were reported in Nanji Island, the main island of Nanji Islands National Nature Reserve. After eliminating all the cultivated and invasive species, there were still 304 species in 210 genera and 81 families belonging to wild vascular plants; To better understand the floristic characteristics of Nanji, we applied analysis in 3 levels: At family level, the largest families in pteridophyte were ranked as Pteridaceae、Thelypteridaceae、Lygodiaceae、Dryopteridaceae; In seed plants, almost the largest ones were Cosmopolitan, while the small ones dominented the most, quantitatively and proportionately; The characteristic families of seed flora were consisted of Liliaceae、Amaryllidaceae、Urticaceae、Verbenaceae, cause they got high ratio of VFICS/WFIW; At genus level, the Pantropical Distribution (3810%)、the North Temperate Distribution (1630%) and the East Asia distribution (1131%) formed the main part of seed flora; The proportion of the category of temperate distribution and tropical distribution was 6072% and 3928% respectively; Took 6 other sites as reference, through cluster analysis and R/T ratio comparisons, It was proved that Nanji Island were most similar to that of Wuyanling of Zhejiang Provience but showed more tropical affinities; At species level, wild seed plants can also be divided into 9 areal subtypes, The Yangtze River & Southern Proviences sub type dominented at 5390%, following by South China sub type at 2078%. The results showed that Nanji Island had a distinctive transitional characteristics of flora from north to south China with more tropical biological properties, thus the floristic division of Nanji should on the southern margin area of east China. 相似文献
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Yadav Uprety Ram C Poudel Krishna K Shrestha Sangeeta Rajbhandary Narendra N Tiwari Uttam B Shrestha Hugo Asselin 《Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine》2012,8(1):1-15