基于SERS技术结合多变量统计分析胃癌患者血浆拉曼光谱

利用人体血浆的表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）并结合多变量统计方法对胃癌的无损诊断分析进行了研究．检测了32例胃癌患者与33例正常健康人血浆SERS光谱,利用主成分分析（Pea）并结合线性判别分析（LDA）建立SERS光谱诊断多元统计算法模型．为验证所构建的PCA—LDA算法的有效性,将利用受试样品的工作特征（ROC）曲线方法对所构建的算法有效性进行评价．胃癌患者与正常健康入血浆SERS光谱之间的差别明显,且实验存在较好的重现性,利用PCA．LDA统计分析方法得到诊断特异性与灵敏度分别为91％与79．5％．通过SERS谱峰归属分析表明,癌症患者血浆与正常人血浆在生化成分上存在一定的差异．与正常健康人相比,胃癌患者血浆中的核酸、胶原、磷脂以及苯丙氨酸成分偏高,而氨基酸与糖类成分相对偏低．研究表明,血浆SERS光谱技术结合PCA．LDA统计分析能够很好地区分正常健康人与胃癌患者血浆．血浆表面增强拉曼光谱技术有望发展为一种无损探测与筛查胃癌的临床诊断工具．     

表面增强拉曼散射技术无标记检测乳腺癌细胞来源外泌体

外泌体含有释放细胞的特异性物质,反映了释放细胞的组成成分,成为液体活检的重要物质。为了鉴别正常乳腺上皮细胞和乳腺癌细胞来源的外泌体,本研究采用表面增强拉曼(SERS)技术检测乳腺癌细胞MCF-7和人正常乳腺上皮细胞MCF-10A来源的外泌体,并且对比两种细胞外泌体的SERS光谱,筛选出相应的特征拉曼光谱。结果发现在800~1800 cm-1区域内,相对MCF-10A细胞,MCF-7来源的外泌体中归属于核酸的拉曼峰相对强度明显增高,且部分脂类峰强有所降低或部分特征峰消失,同时发现MCF-7还表现出其自己独特的拉曼谱型。此结果表明SERS技术可高灵敏度检测不同细胞来源的外泌体细微分子变化,可区分肿瘤细胞来源的外泌体与正常细胞来源的外泌体。SERS技术可作为癌症的早期检测和诊断的一种快速、无标记和无损的方法。     

拉曼光谱检测胃癌变信号的研究

利用激光拉曼光谱对胃癌患者血清及非胃癌患者血清进行对比检测,并结合对体外培养胃癌细胞分泌物的检测,对胃癌特征拉曼峰作初步探讨。得出一种有重要临床应用价值的癌症辅助快速诊断方法。     

基于表面增强拉曼光谱的冠心病前瞻性诊断方法研究

前期研究表明血小板衍生生长因子-BB(platelet-derived growth factor-BB,PDGF-BB)与冠心病关系密切,本文基于表面增强拉曼光谱(surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,SERS)方法,结合PDGF-BB拉曼频移为1 509 cm~(-1)的拉曼特征峰,对60例冠心病患者,其中包括20例行皮冠状动脉介入治疗术(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)病人与40例未行PCI病人的尿液样本以及18例健康人尿液样本进行分析。结果显示:行PCI病人的尿液样本SERS光谱中可以检测到1 509 cm~(-1)的拉曼特征峰;而在健康人与大多数未行PCI病人的尿液SERS光谱中则检测不到。与临床资料对比发现,尿液SERS光谱与冠状动脉造影技术在判断心血管堵塞程度是否达到70%以上吻合度较高。基于表面增强拉曼光谱的冠心病检测方法有望发展为一种无创的冠心病前瞻性诊断工具,对于冠心病疑似病例是否需要行PCI提供可靠的临床诊断依据。     

鼻咽癌细胞组织与血液的SERS光谱研究进展

基于表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)技术对于人体细胞组织与血液的检测和研究,SERS光谱技术能够发现正常组织与病变组织的差异性,为医学临床上实现癌症的早期诊断提供了科学依据。由于鼻咽癌不具有明显的病变特征、病灶的位置难以通过常规医学手段检测。因此利用SERS光谱技术,应用于鼻咽癌细胞组织与血液的研究,可提高鼻咽癌患者的生存率。对鼻咽癌细胞组织与血液SERS光谱分析和诊断的探索研究,有助于SERS光谱技术发展成为一种在生物医学领域中的分析检测手段,在医学临床诊断上具有潜在的应用前景。     

卵巢癌患者血清的拉曼光谱研究初探

目的:探究拉曼光谱技术应用于卵巢癌研究的可能性。方法:收集卵巢癌患者血清及健康人血清各20例,用激光共聚焦显微拉曼光谱仪进行检测。结果:两组血清的平均拉曼光谱形态和谱峰基本相似,但在约1010、1158、1283、1520、1646、2307和2661cm-17个拉曼频移附近,卵巢癌患者血清的拉曼光谱谱峰强度明显低于健康对照组,而在其余大部分波段,卵巢癌患者血清的拉曼光谱强度均高于健康对照组。结论:拉曼光谱技术可以初步区分卵巢癌及健康人血清,值得进一步研究和探讨其临床应用价值。     

利用主成分分析法分析乳腺癌术后患者的血清表面增强拉曼光谱

为了探寻一种利用血清光谱检测诊断乳腺癌术后复发转移的方法,研究分析了10例乳腺癌术后复发转移患者与10例乳腺癌术后复查正常患者的血清表面增强拉曼光谱特征。首先从两组血清表面增强拉曼光谱特征峰的位移与峰强的变化上进行比较,发现其分子结构发生变化,脂类的有序性,糖质环境都发生了改变。然后基于Matlab,采用主成分分析法（Principal Component Analysis,PCA）,对上述两组患者血清的表面增强拉曼光谱的13个指标进行分析,发现区分两组患者的效果可以达到95%左右。     

尿液表面增强拉曼光谱的初步研究

利用紫外与可见分光光度计测量银溶胶与尿液的吸收谱,采用拉曼光谱测量系统检测并研究分析了尿液加入银胶前后的拉曼光谱.基于表面增强技术,尿液的拉曼光谱信号得到显著增强,尿液中微弱的尿酸SERS信号被成功检测.文中对尿液的拉曼峰进行了谱峰归属,并分析了晨尿与夜尿的SERS谱.对晨尿的检测具有更高的可信度和信噪比.研究结果表明...     

银胶浓度对电穿孔获取细胞内表面增强拉曼光谱的影响

探究了银胶浓度对于电穿孔导入银纳米粒子获取细胞内表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)的影响.对6组含有不同浓度银胶的鼻咽癌细胞C666进行电穿孔,测量电穿孔后活细胞内表面增强拉曼光谱.以测得的SERS信号、光谱强度积分值和谱线重复性为指标,研究银胶浓度对电穿孔获取细胞内SERS的影响,对电穿孔后活性C666细胞内SERS平均光谱进行初步谱峰归属.在脉冲电场强度875 V/cm,脉冲持续时间1 ms,电脉冲2次的条件下,每500μl电击缓冲液中含有50μl银胶时测得的细胞内SERS光谱信噪比高,且光谱具有较好的重复性.结果说明,正确选择银胶浓度可以提高电穿孔-SERS效果,获取高质量的活细胞内SERS信号.此研究有助于扩展表面增强拉曼光谱的应用,包括实时检测分析活细胞内生化成分及分布,实时监测细胞生化变化过程等.     

利用PCA-LDA和参数-CART方法对直肠癌血清拉曼光谱的分析

本文利用拉曼光谱技术检测由直肠癌的发生导致的血清成分的变化。比较了直肠癌患者和对照组之间血清拉曼光谱的差异,并对术后直肠癌患者血清拉曼光谱的变化也进行了比较,以监测术后治疗效果。结果表明在某些波数位置不同组的拉曼峰有统计学意义的变化,这些变化反应了血清中相应的生物物质的改变。之后,主成分分析(PCA)及峰强比参数这两种方法被用于原始拉曼光谱的特征变量的提取。将线性判别分析(LDA)和分类回归树(CART)两种判别分析法用于特征变量的判别分析。PCA-LDA和参数-CART方法的诊断准确率分别为87%和90%。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.