贵州省爬行类新纪录——黄纹石龙子

2011年7月30日在贵州省黔东南布依族苗族自治州从江县秀塘乡九万大山采得石龙子1只,经鉴定为黄纹石龙子（Eumeces capito）,为贵州省爬行动物新纪录。     

河南发现刘氏石龙子及该物种系统位置分析

2018年8月下旬,在河南省南阳市桐柏山采集到11号石龙子科（Scincidae）蜥蜴标本。经形态比较鉴定,该批标本均为刘氏石龙子（Pleistiodon liui）,是河南省爬行动物分布新记录种,也是该物种在长江以北地区首次被发现。通过形态学分析,发现刘氏石龙子可能存在雌雄性二态。基于COI基因658 bp序列的系统发育分析显示,大渡石龙子（P. capito）和黄纹石龙子（P. tunganus）聚在一起,然后再与刘氏石龙子聚成一支系,支持先前基于形态数据的黄纹石龙子种组的单系性。     

贵州省爬行类新纪录——黄纹石龙子

2011年7月30日在贵州省黔东南布依族苗族自治州从江县秀塘乡九万大山采得石龙子1只,经鉴定为黄纹石龙子(Eumeces capito),为贵州省爬行动物新纪录。     

杭州湾北部安氏白虾的繁殖生物学特征

采用2017年4月至2018年3月张网逐月采样数据分析杭州湾北部安氏白虾（Palaemon annandalei）的繁殖生物学特征。结果显示,安氏白虾体平均体长（32.0 ± 5.4）mm（14 ~ 51 mm,n = 3 210）,抱卵群体平均体长（36.3 ± 3.4）mm（27 ~ 51 mm,n = 375）。体重分布范围为0.016 ~ 1.700 g,n = 3 210,平均体重（0.565 ± 0.282）g,抱卵群体体重分布范围为0.400 ~ 1.700 g,n = 375,平均体重（0.868 ± 0.225）g。雌、雄个体间平均体长和平均体重都具有显著性差异（P < 0.01）;雌雄性比为1.27︰1,雌性个体数显著多于雄性个体数（P < 0.01）。繁殖期从4月下旬一直持续至10月下旬,6月和8月为两个繁殖旺期,抱卵率（B）和性比（S）具有显著线性相关关系（P < 0.05）,关系式为B = 41.80S﹣21.06（R2 = 73.9）。绝对繁殖力为17 ~ 179粒,平均绝对繁殖力（60 ± 26）粒,平均相对繁殖力（70 ± 24）粒/g,n = 375。绝对繁殖力（FA,单位粒）与体长（L,单位mm）、体重（W,单位g）均呈二次函数显著相关（P < 0.01）,关系式分别为FA = 0.29L2﹣18.52L + 342.67（R2 = 76.8）和FA = 97.32W2 ﹣100.75W + 71.66（R2 = 94.5）。卵长径分布范围为1.090 ~ 2.688 mm,平均长径（1.599 ± 0.158）mm,短径分布范围0.807 ~ 1.992 mm,平均短径（1.141 ± 0.118）mm,n = 2 787。研究表明,与20世纪80年代相比,安氏白虾个体朝小型化方向发展,繁殖周期延长,繁殖旺期由单峰型变为双峰型,这可能是生态环境持续恶化和高强度捕捞压力所致。     

蜓和蓝尾石龙子幼体食物同化的热依赖性

用采自安徽滁州琅琊山的蜓(Sphenomorphus indicus,头体长42.8-54.4 mm,n=12)和蓝尾石龙子(Eumeces elegans,头体长43.9-57.3 mm,n=10)幼体,研究温度(24-32℃)对蜓和蓝尾石龙子幼体食物通过时间、摄食量、表观消化系数(ADC)、同化效率(AE)和生长的影响。结果显示,24-30℃范围内,蜓和蓝尾石龙子幼体的食物通过时间随温度的升高而缩短,超过30℃则基本不变。蜓幼体：30和32℃摄食量和生长小于24-28℃;24-30℃ ADC、AE随温度升高而下降,但32℃时又升高。蓝尾石龙子幼体：24-26℃摄食量随温度升高而增加,26℃后随温度升高显著下降;24-28℃ ADC、AE大于30和32℃,呈现出随温度升高而下降的趋势;26℃生长最快。结果表明,蜓和蓝尾石龙子幼体的摄食和同化能力均低于相应的成体。     

荒漠绿洲边缘不同粒径砂砾凝结水量

根据临泽荒漠绿洲边缘的凝结水观测数据,分析了砂砾粒径与凝结水形成量的关系。结果表明：粒径＜0.02 mm的粉砂凝结量最大,7—10月日平均凝结量为(0.097±0.032) mm,其次是砂壤土,日平均凝结量(0.072±0.026) mm;而粒径为5.0～2.0 mm、2.0～0.2 mm和0.2～0.02 mm的砂砾凝结量较小,日平均凝结量分别为(0.052±0.021) mm、(0.057±0.018) mm和(0.059±0.016) mm。总之,凝结量随砂砾粒径的减小而增大,同时本文还分析了旱季农田砂土覆盖对土壤水分蒸发的抑制作用。     

川硬皮肿腿蜂幼虫龄期的划分

通过对川硬皮肿腿蜂幼虫头壳宽度和长度的测定,推断该虫幼期有5龄。1~5龄幼虫的头壳宽度分别为0.1221±0.0017,0.1574±0.0019,0.2030±0.0019,0.2454±0.0020,0.2886±0.0035 mm。经统计分析得到其龄期y与幼虫头壳宽度x的关系式为y=23.72x-1.8222。1~5龄幼虫的头壳长度分别为0.07946±0.0017,0.1039±0.0013,0.1260±0.0014,0.1624±0.0016,0.2008±0.0032 mm。经统计分析得到其龄期y与幼虫头壳长度x的关系式为y=32.694x-1.3977。同时得出幼虫头壳长度y和头壳宽度x的关系式为y=0.7159x-0.011。     

蜓和蓝尾石龙子幼体食物同化的热依赖性

用采自安徽滁州琅琊山的(虫匽)蜓(Sphenomorphus indicus,头体长42.8～54.4mm,n=12)和蓝尾石龙子(Eumeces elegans,头体长43.9～57.3mm,n=10)幼体,研究温度(24～32℃)对(虫匽)蜓和蓝尾石龙子幼体食物通过时间、摄食量、表观消化系数(ADC)、同化效率(AE)和生长的影响.结果显示,24～30℃范围内,(虫匽)蜓和蓝尾石龙子幼体的食物通过时间随温度的升高而缩短,超过30℃则基本不变.(虫匽)蜓幼体30和32℃摄食量和生长小于24～28℃;24～30℃ADC、AE随温度升高而下降,但32℃时又升高.蓝尾石龙子幼体24～26℃摄食量随温度升高而增加,26℃后随温度升高显著下降;24～28℃ADC、AE大于30和32℃,呈现出随温度升高而下降的趋势;26℃生长最快.结果表明,(虫匽)蜓和蓝尾石龙子幼体的摄食和同化能力均低于相应的成体.     

(虫匽)蜓和蓝尾石龙子幼体食物同化的热依赖性

用采自安徽滁州琅琊山的(虫匽)蜓(Sphenomorphus indicus,头体长42.8～54.4mm,n=12)和蓝尾石龙子(Eumeces elegans,头体长43.9～57.3mm,n=10)幼体,研究温度(24～32℃)对(虫匽)蜓和蓝尾石龙子幼体食物通过时间、摄食量、表观消化系数(ADC)、同化效率(AE)和生长的影响.结果显示,24～30℃范围内,(虫匽)蜓和蓝尾石龙子幼体的食物通过时间随温度的升高而缩短,超过30℃则基本不变.(虫匽)蜓幼体:30和32℃摄食量和生长小于24～28℃;24～30℃ADC、AE随温度升高而下降,但32℃时又升高.蓝尾石龙子幼体:24～26℃摄食量随温度升高而增加,26℃后随温度升高显著下降;24～28℃ADC、AE大于30和32℃,呈现出随温度升高而下降的趋势;26℃生长最快.结果表明,(虫匽)蜓和蓝尾石龙子幼体的摄食和同化能力均低于相应的成体.     

蝘蜓和蓝尾石龙子幼体食物同化的热依赖性

用采自安徽滁州琅琊山的蝘蜓(Sphenomorphus indicus,头体长42．8～54．4mm,n=12)和蓝尾石龙子(Eumeces elegans,头体长43,9～57．3mm,n=10)幼体,研究温度(24～32℃)对蝘蜓和蓝尾石龙子幼体食物通过时间、摄食量、表观消化系数(ADC)、同化效率(AE)和生长的影响。结果显示,24～30℃范围内,蝘蜓和蓝尾石龙子幼体的食物通过时间随温度的升高而缩短,超过30℃则基本不变。蝘蜓幼体：30和32℃摄食量和生长小于24～28℃;24～30℃．ADC、AE随温度升高而下降,但32℃时又升高。蓝尾石龙子幼体：24～26℃摄食量随温度升高而增加,26℃后随温度升高显著下降;24～28℃ADC、AE大于30和32℃,呈现出随温度升高而下降的趋势;26℃生长最快。结果表明,蝘蜓和蓝尾石龙子幼体的摄食和同化能力均低于相应的成体。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.