共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Hong-Liang Zhu Ben-Zhong Zhu Yi Shao Xiao-Guang Wang Xi-Jin Lin Yuan-Hong Xie Ying-Cong Li Hong-Yan Gao Yun-Bo Luo 《植物学报(英文版)》2006,48(12):1478-1485
Loss-of-function ethylene insensitive 2 (EIN2) mutations showed ethylene insensitivity in Arabidopsis, which indicated an essential role of EIN2 in ethylene signaling. However, the function of EIN2 in fruit ripening has not been investigated. To gain a better understanding of EIN2, the temporal regulation of LeEIN2 expres- sion during tomato fruit development was analyzed. The expression of LeEIN2 was constant at different stages of fruit development, and was not regulated by ethylene. Moreover, LeEIN2-silenced tomato fruits were developed using a virus-induced gene silencing fruit system to study the role of LeEIN2 in tomato fruit ripening. Silenced fruits had a delay in fruit development and ripening, related to greatly descended expression of ethylene-related and ripening-related genes in comparison with those of control fruits. These results suggested LeEIN2 positively mediated ethylene signals during tomato development. In addition, there were fewer seeds and Iocules in the silenced fruit than those in the control fruit, like the phenotype of parthenocarpic tomato fruit. The content of auxin and the expression of auxin-regulated gene were declined in silenced fruit, which indicated that EIN2 might be important for crosstalk between ethylene and auxin hormones. 相似文献
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Matteo?Chialva Inès?Zouari Alessandra?Salvioli Mara?Novero Julia?Vrebalov James?J.?Giovannoni Paola?Bonfante
Main conclusion
Systemic responses to an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus reveal opposite phenological patterns in two tomato ripening mutants depending whether ethylene or light reception is involved. The availability of tomato ripening mutants has revealed many aspects of the genetics behind fleshy fruit ripening, plant hormones and light signal reception. Since previous analyses revealed that arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis influences tomato berry ripening, we wanted to test the hypothesis that an interplay might occur between root symbiosis and fruit ripening. With this aim, we screened seven tomato mutants affected in the ripening process for their responsiveness to the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae. Following their phenological responses we selected two mutants for a deeper analysis: Green ripe (Gr), deficient in fruit ethylene perception and high-pigment-1 (hp-1), displaying enhanced light signal perception throughout the plant. We investigated the putative interactions between ripening processes, mycorrhizal establishment and systemic effects using biochemical and gene expression tools. Our experiments showed that both mutants, notwithstanding a normal mycorrhizal phenotype at root level, exhibit altered arbuscule functionality. Furthermore, in contrast to wild type, mycorrhization did not lead to a higher phosphate concentration in berries of both mutants. These results suggest that the mutations considered interfere with arbuscular mycorrhiza inducing systemic changes in plant phenology and fruits metabolism. We hypothesize a cross talk mechanism between AM and ripening processes that involves genes related to ethylene and light signaling.4.
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Increasing numbers of investigations indicate that ethylene response factor (ERF) proteins play important roles in plant stress
responses via interacting with GCC box and/dehydration-responsive element/C-repeat to modulate expression of downstream genes,
but the detailed regulatory mechanism is not well elucidated. Revealing the modulation pathway of ERF proteins in response
to stresses is vital. Previously, we showed that tomato ERF protein TERF2/LeERF2 is ethylene inducible, and ethylene production
is suppressed in antisense TERF2/LeERF2 tomatoes, suggesting that TERF2/LeERF2 functions as a positive regulator in ethylene biosynthesis. In this paper, we report
that regulation of TERF2/LeERF2 in ethylene biosynthesis is associated with enhanced freezing tolerance of tobacco and tomato.
Analysis of gene expression showed that cold slowly induces expression of TERF2/LeERF2 in tomato, implying that TERF2/LeERF2 may be involved in cold response through ethylene modulation. To test the hypothesis,
we first observed that overexpressing TERF2/LeERF2 tobaccos not only enhances freezing tolerance via activating expression of cold-related genes, but also significantly reduces
electrolyte leakage. In addition, with treatment of ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor or ethylene receptor antagonist, we then
showed that blockage of ethylene biosynthesis or the ethylene signaling pathway decreases freezing tolerance of overexpressing
TERF2/LeERF2 tobaccos. Moreover, the results from tomatoes showed that overexpressing TERF2/LeERF2 tomatoes enhances while antisense TERF2/LeERF2 transgenic lines decreases freezing tolerance, and application of ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
restored freezing tolerance of antisense lines. Therefore our results establish that TERF2/LeERF2 enhances freezing tolerance
of plants through ethylene biosynthesis and the ethylene signaling pathway. 相似文献
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Zehua Sun Chen Wen Zhengyi Chen Qi’an Zhang Ling Fang Jiang Li Shaotong Jiang Shuqing Cao 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2011,33(3):1025-1030
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An efficient somatic embryogenesis system for Physalis pubescens L. (husk tomato) was developed prior to transformation. Subsequently, cotyledonary explants of P. pubescens were transformed with a chimeric construct containing an iaaM gene from driven by the fruit-specific promoter 2A12 to develop parthenocarpic fruits. Following selection of explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing containing
75 mg l−1 kanamycin (Km), 36 km-resistant callus clusters were recovered, and these were regenerated into whole plants. Expression
of the iaaM gene was detected in confirmed transgenic fruits. The 0.9-kb 2A12 promoter was capable of directing expression of the introduced iaaM gene in transgenic P. pubescens fruits, but iaaM expression was absent from both leaves and flowers. Quantitative measurements of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content during
fruit development indicated that the IAA levels in transgenic lines increased from anthesis through young fruits and peaked
at fruit maturity. On average, IAA contents in transgenic fruits were two-fold higher than those in control fruits. Under
greenhouse condition, vegetative growth, morphology, and the flowering of transgenic plants were comparable to those of control
plants. However, the fruits of transgenic lines ripened earlier and had fewer seeds per fruit than did control plants. 相似文献
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Nan Li Han Wu Qiangqiang Ding Huihui Li Zhifei Li Jing Ding Yi Li 《Functional & integrative genomics》2018,18(3):341-353
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Valeriano Dal Cin Brian Kevany Zhangjun Fei Harry J. Klee 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2009,119(7):1183-1192
The phytohormone ethylene is essential for ripening of climacteric fruits such as tomato. While many of the genes responsible
for ethylene synthesis and perception have been identified, the regulatory network controlling autocatalytic climacteric ethylene
synthesis is not well understood. In order to better understand the regulation of ripening-associated ethylene, we have exploited
the genetic variation within Solanum Sect. Lycopersicon. In particular, we have used a near-isogenic population of S. habrochaites introgression lines to identify chromosome segments affecting ethylene emissions during ripening. S. habrochaites fruits produce much larger quantities of ethylene during ripening than do cultivated S. lycopersicum tomatoes. A total of 17 segments were identified; 3 had emissions more than twice the level of the tomato parent, 11 had
less than a twofold increase and 3 had significantly reduced emissions at one or more ripening stages. While several of these
segments co-segregate with known ethylene-related genes, many do not correspond to known genes. Thus, they may identify novel
modes of regulation. These results illustrate the utility of wild relatives and their introgression lines to understand regulation
of fruit ripening-related processes. 相似文献
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Ying He Chunmei He Lihua Li Zhili Liu Aifang Yang Juren Zhang 《Molecular biology reports》2011,38(1):657-666
The glycine-methylation biosynthetic pathway of glycinebetaine (GB) has been investigated, but only a few studies on GB accumulation
in transgenic higher plants have utilized this pathway. In this study, two methyltransferase genes named ApGSMT2 and ApDMT2, encoding proteins catalyzing GB biosynthesis from glycine, were cloned from a relative strain of Aphanothece halophytica. The potential roles of ApGSMT2 and ApDMT2 in GB synthesis were first examined in transgenic Escherichia coli, which had increased levels of GB and improved salt tolerance. Then ApGSMT2 and ApDMT2 were transferred into tobacco. Compared with transgenic tobacco expressing betA, transgenic tobacco co-expressing ApGSMT2 and ApDMT2 accumulated more GB and exhibited enhanced drought resistance with better germination performance, higher relative water
content, less cell membrane damage and better photosynthetic capacity under drought stress. We concluded that the ApGSMT2 and ApDMT2 genes cloned in this study will be very useful for engineering GB-accumulating transgenic plants with enhanced drought resistance. 相似文献
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Three genes of the lipoxygenase (LOX) family in peach (Prunus persica var. compressa cv. Ruipan 4) were cloned, and their expression patterns during fruit ripening were analyzed using real-time quantitative
PCR. All of the three peach LOX genes had been expressed during fruit ripening; however, their expression patterns were significantly different. During the
normal ripening of peach fruits, the expression levels of PpLox1, PpLox2 and PpLox3 increased in varying degrees accompanying upsurge of ethylene evolution. After treated by methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA), the
peak of ethylene releasing occurred in advance, and the declining rate of fruit hardness was accelerated, the expression level
of the three peach LOX genes in fruits markedly enhanced at the early stage of storage, but significantly decreased at the late storage stage. So,
it could be suggested that all three LOXs relate to fruit ripening; however, their functions might be different. PpLox1 expression increase along with the upsurge of ethylene evolution in both control and MeJA-treated peach fruits suggested
that PpLox1 probably played a major role in the peach fruit ripening. Expression peak of PpLox2 appeared at the 1 DAH (days after harvest) in both control and MeJA-treated peach fruits, while obvious changes in ethylene
evolution and fruit hardness was not observed, which suggested that the rise of PpLox2 expression can be induced by certain stimulation related to ripening, such as harvesting stress and MeJA treatment. The expression
of PpLox3 kept a lower level in the natural ripening fruits, whereas raced up at the early stage of storage in the fruits treated
with MeJA, which indicated that PpLox3 was expressed inductively and had minor roles during the normal ripening of peach fruits, but when encountered with external
stimulation, its expression level would rapidly enhance and accelerate the ripening of peach fruit. 相似文献
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Zhang J Chen R Xiao J Qian C Wang T Li H Ouyang B Ye Z 《Journal of plant research》2007,120(6):671-678
The entire (e) locus of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) controls leaf morphology. Dominant E and recessive e allele of the locus produce pinnate compound and complex reduced leaves. Previous research had indicated that SlIAA9, an Aux/IAA gene, was involved in tomato leaf morphology. Down-regulation of SlIAA9 gene by antisense transgenic method decreased the leaf complex of tomato and converted tomato compound leaves to simple leaves.
The leaf morphology of these transgenic lines was similar with leaf morphology of tomato entire mutant. In this paper, we report that a single-base deletion mutation in the coding region of SlIAA9 gene results in tomato entire mutant phenotypes. 相似文献