Myth and History: A General Model and Its Application to the Bible

This paper focuses upon the prevalent complementary definitions of myth and history and questions their analytic utility with reference to literary documents that bespeak the transition between mythic and historic cognition. In the style of ethnosemantic analysis, these definitions are treated as a semantic domain and subjected to formal analysis. The components elicited constitute a new definition—more precisely, a two-dimensional model of the relationship between myth and history. Subsequently, the model is applied to a series of books from the Bible with the conclusion that men and women are structurally equal since, in their roles as social actors, both represent different components of myth as well as history.     

A morphometric analysis of extant and early miocene fossil hominoid maxillo-dental specimens

It is demonstrated in this paper that before we can hope to formulate phylogenetic relationships between and amongst fossil hominoid material it is first necessary to sex the material accurately. In order to determine whether the morphological and morphometrical variability seen in fossil specimens is due to sexual or inter species dimorphism, it is necessary to calibrate fossil specimens against extant hominoid species' morphologies. Only after fossil specimens have been sexed is it possible to differentiate between morphologies that are related to sex and those that are species specific. This will help reduce fossil misallocation. A morphometric analysis of extant and fossilProconsul hominoid material is presented. Each fossil specimen has been sexed according to symplesiomorphic sex morphologies as defined in this paper. After the fossil specimens have been sexed they are analyzed using multivariate statistics. The identification of differing sex patterns within the specimens examined here suggests that a new species ofProconsul may have to be considered.     

猕猴桃雌雄识别的多元统计分析

猕猴桃(Actinidia)为雌雄异株植物,从播种至开花结果约需4年时间.雌株和雄株的形态特征肉眼无法识别,只能等到开花结果时才能分出雌雄.生产上为了取得高产,必须将雌雄按比例地种植.     

青海高原地区作物种质资源的收集保护和创新利用进展

青海高原地区作物种质资源是指青海境内以及周边生态类似地区内的分布资源。根据近十多年来该地区作物种质资源调查、收集及研究的工作基础,分析了本地作物种质资源保护与利用的现状,认为本地区资源的保护及利用工作已取得了一定的成果,有了较好的基础工作积累,研究团队和力量得以加强和完善,资源保护与利用的意识不断得以强化,但资源的保护和利用与现今飞速发展的农业产业化、以及突破性的种质创新和利用的要求仍然相去甚远,特别表现在对库存资源的精准评价和鉴定方面,难以为育种工作提供有效的服务与支持。借助于国家种质复份库的平台优势和现代生物学技术手段,发挥高原特异资源优势,引进和借助外来优异资源进行种质创制、和具有高原特色的生态农业种质资源研究,以期为高原农业的可持续发展提供支撑,应作为今后本地资源研究的方向。     

24‐H entrainment and ultradian fluctuations in the activity of the lizard Gallotia galloti galloti (sauria‐lacertidae)

Abstract

Activity data from two experimental lizard groups were analysed in order to search for 24 h‐entrained and ultradian periodicities. The data of a first group were obtained through motion sensitive platforms situated under the animals’ cage and continuously for up to 12 consecutive days; those from a second group were collected by manual recording of the behaviour patterns of individual animals for 2 h each day over a 10‐day period. Lizards from both groups were situated in cages inside isolated chambers in which a light‐dark cycle (12:12), a temperature of 28°C ±1° and a relative humidity of 50–60% were maintained. Periodogram analysis showed the existence of a significant period peak (p < 0.01) at 24 h. Autocorrelation functions and spectral analysis of different data‐segment lengths showed that ultradian periodicities were present in the daily motor activity, appearing as noisy though frequency‐band limited. Differences in the frequency band‐limited fluctuations were found between morning and afternoon activities: during the morning ultradian activity appears distributed in two bands (4.5–36 c/day and 63–94 c/day), the power being mainly concentrated in the second one, while during the afternoon it was in the 4.5–36 c/day band. Results from the second lizard group showed only one band (24–60 c/day) overlapped with the first one from the latter group. Although activity recording methods and some experimental conditions are discussed as possible sources of these differences, the possibility of endogenous ultradian variation within the individuals is also suggested.     

Development of a mechanism-based high-throughput screen assay for leucine-rich repeat kinase 2—Discovery of LRRK2 inhibitors

LRRK2 is a large and complex protein that possesses kinase and GTPase activities and has emerged as the most relevant player in PD pathogenesis possibly through a toxic gain-of-function mechanism. Kinase activity is a critical component of LRRK2 function and represents a viable target for drug discovery. We now report the development of a mechanism-based TR-FRET assay for the LRRK2 kinase activity using full-length LRRK2. In this assay, PLK-peptide was chosen as the phosphoryl acceptor. A combination of steady-state kinetic studies and computer simulations was used to calculate the initial concentrations of ATP and PLK-peptide to generate a steady-state situation that favors the identification of ATP noncompetitive inhibitors. The assay was also run in the absence of GTP. Under these conditions, the assay was sensitive to inhibitors that directly interact with the kinase domain and those that modulate the kinase activity by directly interacting with other domains including the GTPase domain. The assay was optimized and used to robustly evaluate our compound library in a 384-well format. An inhibitor identified through the screen was further characterized as a noncompetitive inhibitor with both ATP and PLK-peptide and showed similar inhibition against LRRK2 WT and the mutant G2019S.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒S1株基因组序列测定和分析

应用RT-PCR方法分段扩增出PRRSV上海分离株S1毒株的4条基因大片段,扩增后的产物分别克隆于pCR-XL-TOPO载体鉴定后测序,同时应用RACE方法对S1毒株的3′和5′基因末端进行了成功的扩增并克隆于pMD-18T载体进行测序,按顺序将这些序列进行拼接得到PRRSVS1株全基因组cDNA序列。测序结果表明PRRSVS1株基因组全长15441bp,包含9个开放式阅读框,5′UTR含有189nt,3′端UTR含有181nt,其中包含30ntPoly(A)。基因组序列分析结果显示该病毒与ATCCVR-2332和BJ-4分离株的核苷酸同源性分别99.5%和99.6%。与另一国内分离株CH-1a的核苷酸同源性为90.8%。     

Trace-element analysis of human teeth and bone by proton-induced X-ray emission

The objective of our study is to correlate Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Br, Sr, and Mo concentrations in human teeth crown, root, and bone. The samples, teeth from a lower jaw bone and the lower jaw bone itself, were obtained from a 97-yr-old female cadaver. Two hundred milligrams of crown and root of the teeth, and lower jaw bones were fixed to a Kapton film and irradiated with a 3.8-MeV external proton beam from an 8-MV FN Tandem Van de Graaff Accelerator. TheF-test was used to analyze the difference between crown, root, and bone. It resulted in the following: For Fe, Zn, and Pb, the comparison showed significant differences among the three sample populations of tooth crown, root, and bone; for Cu, Br, Sr, and Mo, the comparison showed no significant differences among all three sample populations. Several elements in the samples were highly interrelated.     

中国脊椎动物新(亚)种统计及分析

采用网上检索和手工查阅的办法统计了中国近35年来脊椎动物新(亚)种发现的情况.结果表明:35年来共发现了811个脊椎动物新(亚)种,20世纪80年代发现的新(亚)种数量最多,越低等的类群发现的新(亚)种数量越多,其中鱼纲的动物占了一半以上,在高等脊椎动物中发现的主要是一些亚种,新(亚)种的模式标本产地多在比较偏远的地方.最后,对统计结果进行了分析.     

海洋游仆虫细胞核染色质组分和组蛋白的初步研究

收集海洋游仆虫(Euplotes vannus)的细胞,制备其染色质。稀酸抽提染色质得到的组蛋白经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、SDS-聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳、等电点聚焦和氨基酸分析等方法测定,其核染色质中组蛋白占核总蛋白的69.6％;DNA:RNA:组蛋白:非组蛋白为1∶0.022∶1.1∶0.047。染色质的全组蛋白由16种氨基酸组成,碱性氨基酸与酸性氨基酸之比为1.06∶1,是一种弱碱性蛋白质。等电点为pH8.1—9.15,分子量为10,500—22,000道尔顿。     

Graphic-digitizer analysis of axon spectra in ethmoidal and lingual branches of the trigeminal nerve

Summary Sections were removed from the lingual and ethmoidal nerves of cats and histologically prepared, and the fibers were analyzed under the light microscope. Neural dimensions were measured by a new technique, employing a graphic digitizer and computer. The outline of a neural structure was traced with the digitizer pen, and the total number of axons, their cross-sectional areas, shapes, diameter spectra, and locations within the nerve were calculated.Both nerves had unimodal axon spectra with the peak between 2 and 6 m diameter. Differences in axon composition occurred over the diameter range of 9 to 20 ; the lingual nerve had many axons in this range, the ethmoidal nerve only a few. The total number of myelinated axons was near 4000 in the lingual nerve, near 1400 in the ethmoidal nerve; only the latter had many large-sized Remak bundles (containing C-fibers). Most myelinated axons were not perfectly circular but exhibited various degrees of distortion.This investigation was supported by NIH grants DE 02152 and DE 00248. The use of the graphic digitizer was made possible through NIH grant FR 00374, and the use of the ultramicrotome through NIH grant AM 13182.     

中老年阴道炎患者阴道毛滴虫感染状况调查分析

目的:分析中老年阴道炎患者阴道毛滴虫感染情况,为中老年阴道炎的防治提供依据。方法:对2016年9月～2019年9月来我院就诊的中老年阴道炎患者的阴道分泌物进行阴道毛滴虫检查,同时通过问卷调查方法收集患者的病历资料,回收有效问卷200份,分析不同年龄、季节、职业、生活习惯、性生活情况患者的阴道毛滴虫感染状况。结果:中老年阴道炎患者阴道毛滴虫感染率为10.50%,其中45～50岁年龄段阴道炎患者阴道毛滴虫感染率最高,占19.15%,71～80岁年龄段阴道炎患者阴道毛滴虫感染率最低,占2.78%,不同年龄段阴道炎患者阴道毛滴虫感染率比较有统计学差异(P0.05)。春季、夏季阴道毛滴虫感染率显著高于秋季、冬季(P0.05)。牧民、农民阴道炎患者阴道毛滴虫感染率显著高于工人和公职人员的感染率(P0.05),牧民、农民阴道炎患者阴道毛滴虫感染率无明显差异(P0.05)。经常性清洁外阴的阴道炎患者阴道毛滴虫感染率显著低于非经常性清洁外阴的患者(P0.05)。有性生活阴道炎患者阴道毛滴虫感染率显著高于无性生活患者(P0.05),有性生活应用避孕套的阴道炎患者阴道毛滴虫感染率显著低于不应用避孕套患者(P0.05)。结论:中老年阴道炎患者阴道毛滴虫感染率较高,春季、夏季是阴道毛滴虫感染的高峰期,中年患者感染率高于老年患者,农民、牧民、服务人员和非经常性清洁外阴的患者阴道毛滴虫感染率较高,且有性生活没有应用避孕套者感染率更高,应做好以上高危人群的防治工作,以降低阴道毛滴虫的感染率。     

浙北平原乡镇农业生态系统结构与功能现状及其相关性研究

调查分析了浙北平原15个乡镇农业生态系统的结构和功能现状,采用聚类分析和相关分析相结合的方法,研究了系统整体结构与功能以及结构和功能两两指标间的相关性。结果表明,聚类分析能揭示系统整体结构与功能的相关性,有利于从总体上把握调整的方向;两两指标间的相关分析可以明确持定结构和功能指标间相互关系的密切程度和方向,为有针对性地进行结构调整和功能优化提供依据。     

Comparison of metabolite production capability indices generated by network analysis methods

A framework of constraint-based reconstruction and analysis (COBRA) is used for modeling large-scale metabolic networks. In COBRA, extreme pathway and optimization analyses are commonly used to study the properties of networks. While the results of both methods are completely consistent, extreme pathway analysis is considered to be better because of its wider representational ability. In this study, we assessed these two methods by computational knockout experiments. We examined a simple pathway model and found that the extreme pathway method led to misguided conclusions in specific cases, while optimization analysis calculated the correct knockout effects. We also investigated the Escherichia coli metabolic pathway model, and found that these methods result in inconsistent interpretations of the network properties. IN CONCLUSION: it has been claimed that these two methods result in the same producible metabolites, but we found a difference in individual results for a biological pathway. Our results could provide helpful guidance for when to use the methods, particularly extreme pathway analysis.     

The Statistical Trends of Protein Evolution: A Lesson from AlphaFold Database

The recent development of artificial intelligence provides us with new and powerful tools for studying the mysterious relationship between organism evolution and protein evolution. In this work, based on the AlphaFold Protein Structure Database (AlphaFold DB), we perform comparative analyses of the proteins of different organisms. The statistics of AlphaFold-predicted structures show that, for organisms with higher complexity, their constituent proteins will have larger radii of gyration, higher coil fractions, and slower vibrations, statistically. By conducting normal mode analysis and scaling analyses, we demonstrate that higher organismal complexity correlates with lower fractal dimensions in both the structure and dynamics of the constituent proteins, suggesting that higher functional specialization is associated with higher organismal complexity. We also uncover the topology and sequence bases of these correlations. As the organismal complexity increases, the residue contact networks of the constituent proteins will be more assortative, and these proteins will have a higher degree of hydrophilic–hydrophobic segregation in the sequences. Furthermore, by comparing the statistical structural proximity across the proteomes with the phylogenetic tree of homologous proteins, we show that, statistical structural proximity across the proteomes may indirectly reflect the phylogenetic proximity, indicating a statistical trend of protein evolution in parallel with organism evolution. This study provides new insights into how the diversity in the functionality of proteins increases and how the dimensionality of the manifold of protein dynamics reduces during evolution, contributing to the understanding of the origin and evolution of lives.     

Biogeographical division of antarctic and subantarctic by mysid (Crustacea: Mysidacea) fauna

Based on the distribution of 66 species of Mysidacea (Crustacea), a biogeographical analysis of the cold and temperate waters of the Southern Hemisphere was carried out. The expediency of separate division by pelagic and benthopelagic mysid faunas was supported. The original patterns of the division of Antarctic and subantarctic faunas are given. One biogeographical province and two subprovinces were distinguished by the fauna of pelagic mysids in the areas studied. Two biogeographical provinces and five subprovinces were distinguished by the fauna of benthopelagic mysids in the Antarctic and subantarctic.     

塞隆骨和虎骨的羟脯氨酸含量分析比较

用改良的Woessner第Ⅰ法测定和比较了塞隆骨和虎骨的L 4 羟脯氨酸的含量。结果表明 :原药材中羟脯氨酸含量塞隆骨略低于虎骨 ,但在水煎液干膏部分L 4 羟脯氨酸含量塞隆骨高于虎骨 ,这为塞隆骨与虎骨的药用价值比较提供了成份实验依据     

晋城地区女性阴道需氧菌感染情况调查分析

目的 调查晋城地区需氧菌阴道炎(AV)的发病情况.方法 采用需氧菌阴道炎/细菌性阴道病联合测定技术对阴道分泌物进行快速检测.结果 1936例受检者中,AV患者242人,总体发病率为12.50％(242/1936).其中单纯AV感染93例,占38.43％,AV合并其他感染患者149人,占61.57％.70 ～81岁年龄组的AV发病率最高,达到了20.53％(8/39).其次为50 ～59岁年龄组和30～ 39岁年龄组,AV发病率分别为16.73％(46/275)和15.29％(98/641).40 ～49岁年龄组,AV的发病率最低,为6.63％(39/588).结论 AV易合并其他感染,应引起临床足够的重视.     

一种适用于植物居群遗传分析的组织干燥与保存方法

DNA的有效提取是分子生物研究工作的前提,野外采集时大多采用将新鲜叶片用变色硅胶快速干燥,防止细胞死亡过程中次生物质释放和DNA降解.我们在野外采样时,将新鲜材料压制成干标本,成功地应用于芨芨草居群的RAPD分析.这种植物组织干燥与保存的方法比硅胶快速干燥法更简单、方便,非常适用于采集地点多,相距远,野外采集时间长,所采样品的种类和数目又多的遗传多样性研究.     

北方某特大城市三甲医院门诊就诊人群调查分析

目的 描述三甲医院门诊患者的构成,分析门诊患者选择就诊机构的影响因素,探讨提高三甲医院门诊服务水平的对策。方法 采用偶遇抽样法,对北方某特大城市10家三甲医院的1 414名门诊患者进行问卷调查。结果 40.2%的门诊患者来自于外地,医疗水平是门诊患者选择就诊医院的最重要影响因素。结论 优质医疗资源配置要充分考虑医疗服务的辐射范围,提高医疗技术水平、改善门诊就诊流程是提高三甲医院门诊服务水平的关键。