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1.
Francesco Visioli Donatella Caruso Elena Plasmati Rossana Patelli Nadia Mulinacci Annalisa Romani 《Free radical research》2013,47(3):301-305
Hydroxytyrosol is the most potent phenolic antioxidant of olive oil and olive mill waste water (OMWW) and its biological activities have stimulated research on its potential role in cardiovascular protection. However, evidence of the absorption of OMWW phenolics and on their possible in vivo activity has, until now, never been provided. Three groups male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 1, 5, or 10 mg/Kg of the OMWW extract, respectively, providing 41.4, 207, and 414 μg/Kg of hydroxytyrosol, respectively. Urine was collected for 24 h and the urinary levels of hydroxytyrosol were quantified by mass spectrometry. Hydroxytyrosol was dose-dependently (R2=0.95) absorbed and excreted in the urines mostly as a glucuronide conjugate. Further, the administration of an hydroxytyrosol-rich OMWW extract (10 mg/kg) to the rats was also associated with an increase of their plasma antioxidant capacity. Future experiments will eventually further clarify its metabolic fate and its in vivo actions. 相似文献
2.
Yariv Kanfi Victoria Peshti Reuven Gil Shoshana Naiman Liat Nahum Eran Levin Noga Kronfeld‐Schor Haim Y. Cohen 《Aging cell》2010,9(2):162-173
The NAD+‐dependent SIRT6 deacetylase is a therapeutic candidate against the emerging metabolic syndrome epidemic. SIRT6, whose deficiency in mice results in premature aging phenotypes and metabolic defects, was implicated in a calorie restriction response that showed an opposite set of phenotypes from the metabolic syndrome. To explore the role of SIRT6 in metabolic stress, wild type and transgenic (TG) mice overexpressing SIRT6 were fed a high fat diet. In comparison to their wild‐type littermates, SIRT6 TG mice accumulated significantly less visceral fat, LDL‐cholesterol, and triglycerides. TG mice displayed enhanced glucose tolerance along with increased glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion. Gene expression analysis of adipose tissue revealed that the positive effect of SIRT6 overexpression is associated with down regulation of a selective set of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐responsive genes, and genes associated with lipid storage, such as angiopoietin‐like protein 4, adipocyte fatty acid‐binding protein, and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1, which were suggested as potential targets for drugs to control metabolic syndrome. These results demonstrate a protective role for SIRT6 against the metabolic consequences of diet‐induced obesity and suggest a potentially beneficial effect of SIRT6 activation on age‐related metabolic diseases. 相似文献
3.
Okura T Nakata Y Ohkawara K Numao S Katayama Y Matsuo T Tanaka K 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2007,15(10):2478-2484
Objective: The objective was to test effects of aerobic exercise training on metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) improvement in response to weight reduction. Research Methods and Procedures: A total of 459 overweight and obese women (age, 49 ± 9 years; BMI, 28 ± 3 kg/m2) were recruited for a baseline examination to test the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic syndrome prevalence; among these, 67 subjects with MetSyn were treated with 14‐week weight‐loss programs, which included low‐calorie diet and aerobic exercise. The MetSyn was defined according to the Examination Committee of Criteria for “Metabolic Syndrome” in Japan. Maximal oxygen uptake (V?o 2max) during a maximal cycling test was measured as an index of cardiorespiratory fitness at baseline and after the intervention. Results: In the baseline examination, age‐ and BMI‐adjusted odds ratios for MetSyn prevalence in the low, middle, and upper thirds of V?o 2max were 1.0 (referent), 0.50 (95% confidence interval, 0.26 to 0.95), and 0.39 (95% confidence interval, 0.14 to 0.96), respectively (linear trend, p = 0.02). The adjusted odds ratios for MetSyn improvement in the two interventions with diet alone and diet plus exercise were 1.0 and 3.68 (95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 17.6; p = 0.04), respectively. Discussion: These results suggest that adding aerobic exercise training to a dietary weight‐reduction program further improves MetSyn (adjusted odds ratio, 3.68) in obese women, compared with diet alone. Further studies on an association between V?o 2max change and MetSyn improvement are needed. 相似文献
4.
Research Methods and Procedures: High‐fat (HF) diet feeding can induce obesity and metabolic disorders in rodents that resemble the human metabolic syndrome. However, this dietary intervention is not standardized, and the HF‐induced phenotype varies distinctly among different studies. The question which HF diet type is best to model the metabolic deterioration seen in human obesity remains unclear. Therefore, in this review, metabolic data obtained with different HF diet approaches are compiled. Both whole‐body and organ‐specific diet effects are analyzed. Results: On the basis of these results, we conclude that animal fats and ω‐6/ω‐9‐containing plant oils can be used to generate an obese and insulin‐resistant phenotype in rodents, whereas fish oil‐fed animals do not develop these disorders. Discussion: Looking at the present data, it does not seem possible to define an ideal HF diet, and an exact definition of diet composition and a thorough metabolic characterization of the HF diet effects in a researcher's specific laboratory setting remains essential for metabolic studies with this model. 相似文献
5.
This review sought to describe the role played by some components of the microbiota of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), particularly yeasts, in structuring the physicochemical and sensorial quality of freshly produced olive oil. Yeasts can survive during the entire storage period of the product. To date, approximately 25 yeast species isolated from oil produced in more than six countries have been identified, eight of which are classified as new species. Some yeast species improve the health qualities of oil, whereas many others improve the chemical composition and sensory characteristics based on β-glucosidase and esterase enzymes, which are involved in the hydrolysis of the bitter glucoside known as oleuropein. However, some species, which are typically favoured by the high water content in the oily matrix, such as lipase-producing yeasts, can worsen the initial chemical characteristics of EVOO oil during storage. Some physical treatments that are compatible with the EVOO production specification affect the biotic component of the oil by reducing the concentration of yeasts. The possibility of minimizing the invasive action on the biotic component of the oil by appropriately selecting the physical treatment for each oil is discussed. 相似文献
6.
ANNE MENELEY 《American anthropologist》2007,109(4):678-687
In this article, I track the contemporary possibilities for the global circulation of extravirgin olive oil. Recent technoscientific discoveries about the health benefits of extravirgin olive oil combine with narratives about olive oil's "ancientness" and "naturalness" to make it a very successful food commodity in an era of global concern about the risks of "industrial" food. "The Mediterranean" has emerged as a culture area that is defined by food in two realms: in a scientific register ("the Mediterranean Diet") and in contemporary gustatory discourses of distinction that imagine "the Mediterranean" as a site of delicious, "real" food as opposed to the industrial, processed food of the North Atlantic. 相似文献
7.
R. Tognetti R. d'Andria R. Sacchi A. Lavini G. Morelli & A. Alvino 《The Annals of applied biology》2007,150(2):169-186
The olive tree is a traditionally nonirrigated crop that occupies quite an extensive agricultural area in Mediterranean-type agroecosystems. Improvements in water-use efficiency of crops are essential under the scenarios of water scarcity predicted by global change models for the Mediterranean region. Recently, irrigation has been introduced to increase the low land productivity, but there is little information on ecophysiological aspects and quality features intended for a sagacious use of water, while being of major importance for the achievement of high-quality products as olive oil. Therefore, deficit irrigation programmes were developed to improve water-use efficiency, crop productivity and quality in a subhumid zone of Southern Italy with good winter–spring precipitation. The response of mature olive trees to deficit irrigation in deep soils was studied on cultivars Frantoio and Leccino by examining atmospheric environment and soil moisture, gas exchange and plant water status, as well as oil yield and chemical analysis. Trees were not irrigated (rainfed) or subjected to irrigation at 66% and 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETC), starting from pit hardening to early fruit veraison. Improvements in the photosynthetic capacity induced by increasing soil water availability were only of minor importance. However, plant water status was positively influenced by deficit irrigation, with 66% and 100% of ETC treatments hardly differing from one another though consistently diverging from rainfed plants. The effect of water stress on photosynthesis was mainly dependent on diffusion resistances in response to soil moisture. Leccino showed higher instantaneous water-use efficiency than Frantoio. Crop yield increased proportionally to the amount of seasonal water volume, confirming differences between cultivars in water-use efficiency. The unsaturated/saturated and the monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios of the oil also differed between cultivars, while the watering regime had minor effects. Although irrigation can modify the fatty acid profile, polyphenol contents were scarcely affected by the water supply. Irrigation to 100% of ETC in the period August–September might be advisable to achieve high-quality yields, while saving consistent amounts of water. 相似文献
8.
Objective: The effects of a very low‐carbohydrate (VLC), high‐fat (HF) dietary regimen on metabolic syndrome were compared with those of an isocaloric high‐carbohydrate (HC), low‐fat (LF) regimen in dietary obese rats. Research Methods and Procedures: Male Sprague‐Dawley rats, made obese by 8 weeks ad libitum consumption of an HF diet, developed features of the metabolic syndrome vs. lean control (C) rats, including greater visceral, subcutaneous, and hepatic fat masses, elevated plasma cholesterol levels, impaired glucose tolerance, and fasting and post‐load insulin resistance. Half of the obese rats (VLC) were then fed a popular VLC‐HF diet (Weeks 9 and 10 at 5% and Weeks 11 to 14 at 15% carbohydrate), and one‐half (HC) were pair‐fed an HC‐LF diet (Weeks 9 to 14 at 60% carbohydrate). Results: Energy intakes of pair‐fed VLC and HC rats were less than C rats throughout Weeks 9 to 14. Compared with HC rats, VLC rats exhibited impaired insulin and glycemic responses to an intraperitoneal glucose load at Week 10 and lower plasma triacylglycerol levels but retarded loss of hepatic, retroperitoneal, and total body fat at Week 14. VLC, HC, and C rats no longer differed in body weight, plasma cholesterol, glucose tolerance, or fasting insulin resistance at Week 14. Progressive decreases in fasting insulin resistance in obese groups paralleled concomitant reductions in hepatic, retroperitoneal, and total body fat. Discussion: When energy intake was matched, the VLC‐HF diet provided no advantage in weight loss or in improving those components of the metabolic syndrome induced by dietary obesity and may delay loss of hepatic and visceral fat as compared with an HC‐LF diet. 相似文献
9.
Marié L. Cuervo Sánchez;Facundo H. Prado Spalm;Natalia E. Furland;Ana S. Vallés; 《Developmental neurobiology》2024,84(3):142-157
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), marked by enduring metabolic inflammation, has detrimental effects on cognitive performance and brain structure, influencing behavior. This study aimed to investigate whether maternal MetS could negatively impact the neurodevelopment and metabolism of offspring. To test this hypothesis, 2 months old female Wistar rats were subjected to a 10-week regimen of tap water alone or supplemented with 20% fructose to induce MetS. Dams were mated with healthy males to generate litters: OC (offspring from control dams) and OMetS (offspring from dams with MetS). To isolate prenatal effects, all pups were breastfed by control nurse dams, maintaining a standard diet and water ad libitum until weaning. Behavioral assessments were conducted between postnatal days (PN) 22 and 95, and metabolic parameters were analyzed post-sacrifice on PN100. Results from the elevated plus maze, the open field, and the marble burying tests revealed a heightened anxiety-like phenotype in OMetS females. The novel object recognition test showed that exclusively OMetS males had long-term memory impairment. In the reciprocal social interaction test, OMetS displayed a lower number of social interactions, with a notable increase in “socially inactive” behavior observed exclusively in females. Additionally, in the three-chamber test, social preference and social novelty indexes were found to be lower solely among OMetS females. An increase in visceral fat concomitantly with hypertriglyceridemia was the relevant postmortem metabolic finding in OMetS females. In summary, maternal MetS leads to enduring damage and adverse effects on offspring neurobehavior and metabolism, with notable sexual dimorphism. 相似文献
10.
The positive health effects derived from moderate wine consumption are pleiotropic. They appear as improvements in cardiovascular risk factors such as plasma lipids, haemostatic mechanisms, endothelial function and antioxidant defences. The active principles would be ethanol and mainly polyphenols. Results from our and other laboratories support the unifying hypothesis that the improvements in risk factors after red wine consumption are mediated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Many genes are involved, but the participation of eNOS would be a constant feature.The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic risk factors associated with high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The National Cholesterol Education Programmmes Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEPATP III) clinical definition of the metabolic syndrome requires the presence of at least three risk factors, from among abdominal obesity, high plasma triacylglycerols, low plasma HDL, high blood pressure and high fasting plasma glucose. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the metabolic syndrome are not known. Since metabolic syndrome apparently affects 10-30% of the population in the world, research on its pathogenesis and control is needed.The recent finding that eNOS knockout mice present a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors comparable to those of the metabolic syndrome suggests that defects in eNOS function may cause human metabolic syndrome. These mice are hypertensive, insulin resistant and dyslipidemic. Further support for a pathogenic role of eNOS comes from the finding in humans that eNOS polymorphisms associate with insulin resistance and diabetes, with hypertension, with inflammatory and oxidative stress markers and with albuminuria. So, the data sustain the hypothesis that eNOS enhancement should reduce metabolic syndrome incidence and its consequences. Therefore red wine, since it enhances eNOS function, should be considered as a potential tool for the control of metabolic syndrome. This hypothesis is supported by epidemiological observations and needs experimental validation in human intervention studies. 相似文献
11.
《Chronobiology international》2013,30(3):401-408
Genetic variation at the Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK) locus has been associated with lifestyle-related conditions such as obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular diseases. In fact, it has been suggested that the disruption of the circadian system may play a causal role in manifestations of MetS. The aim of this research was to find out whether habitual consumption of a low-fat diet, compared with a Mediterranean diet enriched with olive oil, modulates the associations between common CLOCK single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1801260, rs3749474 and rs4580704) and lipid and glucose-related traits among MetS patients. Plasma lipid and insulin concentrations, indexes related with insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI)) and CLOCK SNPs were determined in 475 MetS subjects participating in the CORDIOPREV clinical trial (NCT00924937). Gene–diet interactions were analyzed after a year of dietary intervention (Mediterranean diet (35% fat, 22% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)) versus low-fat diet (28% fat, 12% MUFA)). We found significant gene–diet interactions between rs1801260 SNP and the dietary pattern for insulin concentrations (p?=?0.009), HOMA-IR (p?=?0.014) and QUICKI (p?=?0.028). Specifically, after 12 months of low-fat intervention, subjects who were homozygous for the major allele (TT) displayed lower plasma insulin concentrations (p?=?0.032), lower insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; p?=?0.027) and higher insulin sensitivity (QUICKI; p?=?0.024) compared with carriers of the minor allele C (TC?+?CC). In contrast, in the Mediterranean intervention group a different trend was observed although no significant differences were found between CLOCK genotypes after 12 months of treatment. Our data support the notion that a chronic consumption of a healthy diet may play a contributing role in triggering glucose metabolism by interacting with the rs1801260 SNP at CLOCK gene locus in MetS patients. Due to the complex nature of gene–environment interactions, dietary adjustment in subjects with the MetS may require a personalized approach. 相似文献
12.
《Journal of receptor and signal transduction research》2013,33(6):592-599
AbstractMetabolic syndrome is characterized with abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hepatic dysfunction. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) expression has been observed in adipose tissues in obese and diabetic humans, and in rodents. The aim of study was to investigate role of GSK-3β in modulation of metabolic alterations in alcoholic fed rats. Male Wistar albino rats (180–220?g) were used. High fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks and alcohol (2%) from third to eighth week were given. Lithium chloride (LiCl), a GSK-3β inhibitor (60?mg/kg) was used orally from third to eighth week. HFD treatment caused significant (p?<?0.05) increase in the percentage of body weight gain, BMI, Lee index, different fat pads, liver weights, serum glucose, leptin, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL, cholesterol, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, tissue thio-barbituric acid reactive substances, nitrate/nitrite and significant decrease in food intake (g), serum HDL and tissue GSH in HFD control rats, as compared to normal control (NC). Administration of alcohol (2%) ad libitum potentiated the effect of normal and HFD, respectively, in NC and HFD control rats, respectively. Administration of LiCl produced significant amelioration in biochemical and pathological changes caused in the form of metabolic syndrome in HFD alone and HFD and alcohol-treated rats. The histological observations also showed similar findings in liver tissue. It may be concluded that inactivation of GSK-3β consequently leads to increased leptin and insulin sensitivity as evidenced by the reversal of alterations caused due to metabolic syndrome in rodents fed with HFD and mild alcohol. 相似文献
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14.
Since Alzheimer's disease (AD) has no cure or preventive treatment, an urgent need exists to find a means of preventing, delaying the onset, or reversing the course of the disease. Clinical and epidemiological evidence suggests that lifestyle factors, especially nutrition, may be crucial in controlling AD. Unhealthy lifestyle choices lead to an increasing incidence of obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension – components of the metabolic syndrome. These disorders can also be linked to AD. Recent research supports the hypothesis that calorie intake, among other non-genetic factors, can influence the risk of clinical dementia. In animal studies, high calorie intake in the form of saturated fat promoted AD-type amyloidosis, while calorie restriction via reduced carbohydrate intake prevented it. Pending further study, it is prudent to recommend to those at risk for AD – e.g. with a family history or features of metabolic syndrome, such as obesity, insulin insensitivity, etc. – to avoid foods and beverages with added sugars; to eat whole, unrefined foods with natural fats, especially fish, nuts and seeds, olives and olive oil; and to minimize foods that disrupt insulin and blood sugar balance. 相似文献
15.
Manios T Maniadakis K Kalogeraki M Mari E Stratakis E Terzakis S Boytzakis P Naziridis Y Zampetakis L 《Biodegradation》2006,17(3):285-292
The aim of this paper was to evaluate the use of different bulking agents in different ratios as a means to control, optimise
and eventually reduce the duration of the thermophilic period in two-phase olive oil mill sludge (OOMS) composting. The bulking
agents used were: (i) olive tree leaves (OTL), (ii) olive tree shredded branches (OTB) and (iii) woodchips (WDC). The selection
of these materials was based on their abundance and availability on the island of Crete, the southernmost point of Greece.
The ratios studied were: Pile 1, OOMS:OTL in 1:1 v/v; Pile 2, OOMS:WDC in 1:1.5 v/v; Pile 3, OOMS:OTL in 1:2 v/v; Pile 4,
OOMS:OTL:OTB in 1:1:1 v/v; and Pile 5, OOMS:OTL:OTB in 1:1:2 v/v. The composting system used was that of windrows with the
volume of each pile approximately 20–25 m3. The experiments took place over two consecutive years. A composting turner was used and turnings were performed at one and
two week intervals. In each pile a variety of physiochemical parameters were monitored. Temperature remained high in all five
trials. Piles 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 temperatures recorded values of above 50 °C for 106, 158, 160, 175 and 183 days, respectively.
Volumes were reduced by approximately 67%, 62%, 63%, 80% and 84%, respectively. Temperature remained high, mainly due to the
presence in large amounts of oily substances which during their complete oxidation release important amounts of energy and
aid the cometabolism of more stable molecules such as lignin. This process is better described as the slow “burning” of a
“fuel” mixture in an “engine” than composting. This approach is based on the extensive similarities of this process to that
of crude oil sludge or similar waste composting. 相似文献
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17.
Chiaiese P Palomba F Galante C Esposito S De Biasi MG Filippone E 《International journal of phytoremediation》2012,14(9):835-844
A biotechnological approach was applied to reduce phenol content in olive mill wastewaters by transgenic tobacco plants. The cDNA laccase of poxC gene from Pleurotus ostreatus, carrying its own signal peptide for extracellular secretion, was transferred into the Nicotiana tabacum genome. Transgenic tobacco plants were obtained and the recombinant enzyme was secreted into the rhizosphere by the plant root apparatus, confirming the ability of the plant machinery to recognize the fungal POXC peptide signal leader appropriately as secretory tag. Total laccase activity assayed by ABTS in transgenic lines increased sharply compared to control plants. Moreover, plants cultivated in a hydroponic solution with the addition of olive mill wastewaters were able to reduce the total phenol content up to 70%. 相似文献
18.
J. Watanabe N. Hashimoto T. Yin B. Sandagdorj C. Arakawa T. Inoue S. Suzuki 《Journal of applied microbiology》2021,131(4):1998-2009
19.
R. Tognetti A. Morales-Sillero R. D'Andria J. E. Fernández A. Lavini L. Sebastiani 《Plant biosystems》2013,147(1):138-148
Abstract The response of mature olive (Olea europaea L.) trees to both regulated deficit irrigation and fertigation was studied for some consecutive years in sub-humid (Italy) and semi-arid conditions (Spain). All cultivars tested in these experiments were preferentially for table olive consumption (pickling and double-aptitude). Data from these long-term studies on field-grown, mature trees are summarized for assessing common effects of water and nutrient supply on plant behaviour and fruit yield. Seasonal yield variations were observed, and showed that the effect of irrigation treatments was somewhat more gradual in the “on” than in the “off” year. Differences amongst cultivars were always marked. Dry matter accumulation in pulp and pit was positively affected by progressively increasing the amount of water supplied to plants, regardless of years and cultivars. The ratio between pulp and pit fresh weight was negatively affected by irrigation, while fruit size was positively influenced by the gradual increase of irrigation water. Average nitrogen levels in leaves were generally above the deficiency threshold at both experimental plantations. Crop yield was not consistently increased by addition of soil nutrients. The effect of fertigation treatments was relatively uninfluential on oil accumulation in fruits. However, polyphenols in oil samples decreased progressively as the addition of nutrients increased. Critical aspects and strategic decisions in modern olive growing are the selection of cultivar, the supply of water, the option of fertilization, together with other orchard management practices. In this paper we outline various aspects of long-term studies in experimental olive plantations with the aim of highlighting inter-regulatory processes, involving plant growth and crop yield, which must be taken into account when planning future field research and modelling exercises. 相似文献
20.
Antonio Casado-D az Gabriel Dorado Jos Manuel Quesada-G mez 《World journal of stem cells》2019,11(12):1045-1064
Extra virgin olive oil is characterized by its high content of unsaturated fatty acid residues in triglycerides, mainly oleic acid, and the presence of bioactive and antioxidant compounds. Its consumption is associated with lower risk of suffering chronic diseases and unwanted processes linked to aging, due to the antioxidant capacity and capability of its components to modulate cellular signaling pathways. Consumption of olive oil can alter the physiology of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs). This may explain part of the healthy effects of olive oil consumption, such as prevention of unwanted aging processes. To date,there are no specific studies on the action of olive oil on MSCs, but effects of many components of such food on cell viability and differentiation have been evaluated. The objective of this article is to review existing literature on how different compounds of extra virgin olive oil, including residues of fatty acids,vitamins, squalene, triterpenes, pigments and phenols, affect MSC maintenance and differentiation, in order to provide a better understanding of the healthy effects of this food. Interestingly, most studies have shown a positive effect of these compounds on MSCs. The collective findings support the hypothesis that at least part of the beneficial effects of extra virgin olive oil consumption on health may be mediated by its effects on MSCs. 相似文献