Besprechungen

Book reviewed in this article: Valone Jr., J. A. (1970): Electrical emission in Gymnotus carapo and their relation to social behaviour Endler , John (1970): Kinesthetic orientation in the California Newt Slater , Peter J. B. (1970): Nestbuilding in the Bengalese Finch White , Sheila J. und R. E. C. (1970): Individual voice production in Gannets Ehrlich , Annette (1970): Response to novel objects in three lower primates Smith , W. John (1970): Song-like displays in Sayornis species Parker , G. A. (1970): The reproductive behaviour and the nature of sexual selection in Scatophaga stercoraria L. IV. Epigamic recognition and competition between males for the possession of females Heinroth , Katharina (1970): Handaufzuchten Todt , Dietmar (1970): Die antiphonen Paargesänge des ostafrikanischen Grassängers Swenson , Leland C. (1970): One versus two discrimination by Whitenecked Ravens (Corvus cryptoleucus) Wüst, W. (1970): Die Brutvögel Mitteleuropas Sambraus , H. H. (1971): Das Sexualverhalten des Hausrindes, speziell des Stieres Kühn , Alfred (1971): Grundriß der Vererbungslehre Wurmbach , H. (1970): Lehrbuch der Zoologie, Band I, Allgemeine Zoologie und Ökologie Wurmbach , H. (1968): Lehrbuch der Zoologie Erdmann , Kurt (1970): Einführung in die Zoologie für Landwirte und Tierärzte ed. Aronson , L. R., E. Tobach , D. S. Lehrman und J. R. Rosenblatt (1970): Development and Evolution of Behaviour, essays in memory of T. C. Schneirla     

Besprechungen

Book Reviewed in this article: Schiørring , Erik (1971): Amphetamine induced selective stimulation of certain behaviour items with concurrent inhibition of others in an open-field test with Rats Peters , Michael (1971): Sensory mechanisms of homing in Salmonids, a comment Vidal , Jean-Marie (1971): Precocial sexual behaviour Rasa , O. Anne E. (1971): The causal factors and function of “yawning” in Mikrospathodon chrysurus Michel , Raoul (1971): Influence du groupement en essaim artificiel sur la tendance au vol du Criquet pélerin ed. Grassé , Pierre-Paul (1971): Allgemeine Biologie, Band 1, ed. André Hollande: Struktur und Funktion der Zelle Lagerspetz , Kari Y. H., und Liisa Kivivuori (1970): The rate and retention of the habituation of the shadow reflex in Balanus improvisus Chen , W. Y., L. C. Aranda und J. V. Luco (1970): Learning and long- and short-term memory in Cockroaches Dobrzanski, J. (1971): Manipulatory learning in ants Krafft, B. (1970): Contribution à la biologie et à la éthologie d'Agelena consociata Denis Hölldobler , Bert (1970): Zur Physiologie der Gast-Wirt-Beziehungen Jander , Rudolf und Ursula (1970): Über die Phylogenie der Geotaxis innerhalb der Bienen Jander , Rudolf, Eberhard Horn und Marta Hoffmann (1970): Die Bedeutung von Gelenkrezeptoren in den Beinen für die Geotaxis der höheren Insekten Esch , Harald (1967): Die Bedeutung der Lauterzeugung für die Verständigung der stachellosen Bienen Taber III , Stephen, und Charles D. Owens (1970): Colony founding and initial nest design of Honeybees Zippel , H. P., und G. F. Domagk (1969): Versuche zur chemischen Gedächtnisübertragung von farbdressierten Goldfischen auf undressierte Tiere Moller , Peter (1970): “Communication” in weakly electric fish, Gnathonemus niger Weber , Peter G. (1970): Visual aspects of egg care behaviour in Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum Wilz , Kenneth J. (1970): The discrimination interpretation of the ‘displacement’ activities during courtship in the Three-spined Stickleback Rasa , O. Anne E. (1971): Appetence for aggression in juvenile Damsel Fish Boice , Robert (1970): Competitive feeding behaviours in captive Mrosovsky , N. (1970): The influence of the sun's position and elevated cues on the orientation of hatchling Sea Turtles Jenssen , Thomas A. (1970): Female response to filmed displays of Anolis nebulosus Schulman , Allan H. (1970): Precocial sexual behaviour in imprinted male Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) Schleidt , Wolfgang M. (1970): Precocial sexual behaviour in Turkeys Beer , C. G. (1970): 1) On the responses of Laughing Gull chicks (Larus atricilla) to the calls of adults Richardson , A. J. (1970): The role of the crop in the feeding behaviour of the Domestic Chicken Gallup , Gordon G. Jr., und Stuart A. Capper (1970): Preference for mirror-image stimulation in Finches Konishi , Masakazu (1970): Comparative neurophysiological studies of hearing and vocalizations in song birds Scherzinger , W. (1970): Zum Aktionssystem des Sperlingskauzes Gossow , Hartmut (1971): Einfluß des Geweihwechsels auf die Rangordnung im Hirschrudel Hassenstein, B. (1970): Tierjunges und Menschenkind im Blick der vergleichenden Verhaltensforschung Pilleri, G. (1971): Instinktbewegungen des Menschen in biologischer und neuropathologischer Sicht Kükenthal, Matthes, Renner (1971): Leitfaden für das zoologische Praktikum     

Besprechungen

Book reviewed in this article: Kramer , Peter (1970): Das Erkundungsverhalten und seine Beeinflußbarkeit durch Vorerfahrung bei der weißen Ratte Nielsen , Erik Tetens, und Hans Dreisig (1970): The behavior of stridulation in Orthoptera ensifera Zd'árek , Jan (1970): Mating behaviour in the Bug, Pyrrhocoris apterus L. Free , J. B. (1970): Effect of flower shapes and nectar guides on the behaviour of foraging Honeybees Free , J. B., und Ingrid H. Williams (1970): Exposure of the Nasonov gland by Honeybees Raveling , Dennis G. (1970): Dominance relationships and agonistic behavior of Canada Geese in winter Oortmerssen , G. A. van (1971): Biological significance, genetics and evolutionary origin of variability in behaviour within and between inbred strains of mice Coulon , J. (1971): Influence de l'isolement social sur le comportement du Cobaye Abu Gideiri , Y. B. (1971): The development of locomotory mechanisms in Bufo regularis Guthrie , R. D. (1971): A new theory of mammalian rump patch evolution Todt , Dietmar (1971): Zur gesanglichen Reaktion der Schmätzerdrossel Kovach , Joseph K. (1971): Effectiveness of different colors in the elicitation and development of approach behavior in Chicks Golani, I. , und H. Mendelssohn (1971): Sequences of precopulatory behavior of the Jackal Mayr , E. (1967): Artbegriff und Evolution. Aus dem Englischen übertragen von Gerh. Heberer. Verlag Paul Parey Peters , Paul J. (1970): Orb web construction: Interaction of speder Núñez , Josué A. (1970): The relationship between sugar flow and foraging and recruiting behaviour of Honeybees Brian , M. V. (1970): Communication between queens and larvae in the Ant Neese , V. (1968): Zur optischen Orientierung der Augenmutante ?chartreuse” Gibson , R. N. (1970): The tidal rhythm of activity of Coryphoblennius galerita Oppenheimer , John R. (1970): Mouth breeding in fishes Le Resche , Robert E., und William J. L. Sladen (1970): Establishment of pair and breeding site bonds by young known-age Adelie Penguins Miselis , Richard, und Charles Walcott (1970): Locomotor activity rhythms in homing Pigeons Heymer , Armin (1970): Die Funktion der Kaudalstacheln bei Aeschna-Larven beim Beuterang und Aggressionsverhalten weber, I ., und C. Vogel (1970): Sozialverhalten in ein- und zweigeschlechtigen Langurengruppen     

Besprechungen

Book reviewed in this article: Manwell , Reginald D. (1968): Introduction to Protozoology Kugler , Hans (1970): Blütenökologie Hölldobler , Bert (1969): Orientierungsmechanismen dcs Ameisengastes Atemeles Grzimeks Tierleben Band 9, Vögel 3 Curry-Lindahl , Kai (1970): Breeding Biology of the Baltic Seal Le Boeuf , Burney J., und Richard S. Peterson Nachtsheim , Hans (1970): Vergleichende Betrachtungen zum Übervölkerungsproblem bei Säugetier und Mensch Hass , Hans (1970): Energon, das verborgene Gemeinsame Berggren , Sigvard (1969): Mein Tierparadies Grzimek , Hildegard (1970): In meinem Herzen haben viele Tiere Platz     

Besprechungen

Book Reviewed in this article: Eisenberg , John F., Georg M. McKay und M. R. Jainudeen (1971): Reproductive Behavior of the Asiatic Elefant Gervet , Jacques, und Daniel Beaubaton (1971): Interaction entre facteurs internes et externes dans le déroulement d'un acte instinctif Schubert , Michael (1971): Untersuchungen über die reaktionsauslösenden Signalstrukturen des Fitis-Gesanges Schubert , Gudrun (1971): Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die artkennzeichnenden Parameter im Gesang des Zilpzalps Paschke , Richard E., Victor H. Denenberg und M. X. Zarrow (1971): Mice reared with Rats: an interstrain comparison of mother and “aunt” effects Lindauer , M., und H. Martin (1970): Zur Orientierung der Honigbiene innerhalb und außerhalb des Stockes Abel , E. F. (1971): Zur Ethologie von Putzsymbiosen einheimischer Süßwasserfische im natürlichen Biotop Szabo , Thomas (1970): Elektrische Organe und Elektrorezeption bei Fischen Grzimeks Tierleben (1971): Band 5: Fische 2 und Lurche. ed. B. Grzimek und W. Ladiges. Kindler-Verlag Alcock , John (1970): Punishment levels in the response of Blackcapped Chickadees Bongiorno , Salvatore F. (1970): Nest-site selection by adult Laughing Gulls Dathe , Elisabeth und Heinrich (1970): Bäreneltern wider Willen Kraus , C., M. Gihr und G. Pilleri (1970): Das Verhalten von Cuniculus paca Holst , Erich von (1971): Zur Verhaltensphysiologie bei Tieren und Menschen Lindauer , M. (1970): Lernen und Gedächtnis – Versuche an der Honigbiene Leyhausen , Paul (1970): Selbstmißverständnis und Zukunft des Menschen, die Gesellschaft am Scheidewege Leyhausen , Paul (1970): Dauert der Friede schon zu lange? Hughes , G. R. (1970): Further studies on marine turtles in Tongaland     

Besprechungen

Book reviewed in this article: Spradbery , J. P. (1970): Host finding by Rhyssa persuasoria (L.), an Ichneumonid parasite of Siricid woodwasps (Wie Schlupfwespen (Rh. p.) Holzwespenlarven finden). Butler , C. G., D. J. C. Fletcher und D. Watler (1970): Hive entrance finding by Honeybee (Apis mellifera) foragers (Wie Honigbienenarbeiterinnen ihr Flugloch finden). Swihart , C. A. und S. L. (1970): Colour selection and learned feeding preference in the Butterfly Heliconius charitonius Linné (Angeborene und erlernte Farbbevorzugungen des Tagschmetterlings H. c.). Grzimeks Tierleben, Band 3 (1970). Ray , A. Joseph jr. (1970) Instrumental avoidance learning by the Tiger Salamander Ambystoma tigrinum (Negativdressur des getigerten Querzahnmolches A. t.). Ferguson , Gary W. (1970): Mating behaviour of the side-blotched Lizards of the Genus Uta (Sauria: Iguanidae) (Paarungsverhalten von Leguanen der Gattung Uta). Stresemann , Erwin ed. (1969): Exkursionsfauna von Deutschland. Gauthier-Pilters , H. (1970): Atschana — das heißt Durst. Klös , Heinz-Georg (1969): Von der Menagerie zum Tierparadies. Rensch , B. (1968): Biophilosophie auf erkenntnistheoretischer Grundlage (Panpsy-chistischer Identismus). Vogt , Hans-Heinrich (1970): Fortschritt ins Chaos? Die Zukunft des Menschen. Walter , Roger O., und James P. Hamilton (1970): Head-up movements as an indicator of sexual unreceptivity in female Medaka (Oryzias latipes) (“Vorne-hoch” als Zeichen fehlender Paarungsbereitschaft beim Japanischen Medaka-Kärpflings-♀ O.l.).     

Besprechungen

Book reviewed in this article: Payne , A. P., und Heidi H. Swanson (1970): Agonistic behaviour between pairs of hamsters of the same and opposite sex in a neutral observation area (Agonisti-sches Verhalten je zweier Goldhamster gleichen oder verschiedenen Geschlechts auf neutralem Boden). Alexander , B. K. (1970): Parental behavior of adult male Japanese Monkeys (Vater-verhaltcn erwachsener Japanaffen). Michel , Raoul (1970): Etude expérimental de l'activité maximum de vol jour-nalière du criquet pélerin (Schistocerca gregaria Forsk.) élevé en groupe ou en isolement (Versuche zur Feststellung, wie lange seit Generationen einzeln oder in der Schar aufgewachsene Wanderheuschrecken täglich fliegen können). Slater , Peter J. B. (1970): Nest building in the Bengalese Finch. I: External factors affecting it and its relation to other behaviour early in the breeding cycle (Nestbau japanischer Möwchen. I: unter dem Einfluß von Außenfaktoren und in Beziehung zu anderen Verhaltensweisen des Brutbeginns). Thorpe , W. H. (1969): The significance of vocal imitation in animals with special reference to birds (Die Bedeutung des Nachahmens von Gehörtem bei Tieren, vor allem bei Vögeln). Thielcke , Gerhard (1970): Vogelstimmen. König , Claus (1966): Vögel (europäische Singvögel, Schwalme. Eisenberg , J. F., und E. Gould (1970): The tenrecs; a study in mammalian behavior and evolution (Die Borstenigel; Verhalten und Evolution in einer Säugerfamilie). Pagès , E. (1970): Sur l'écologie et les adaptations de l'Oryctérope et des Pangolins sympatriques du Gabon (Die verschiedenen ökologischen Anpassungen des Erdferkels und der mit ihm in Gabun sympatrischen Schuppentiere). Wickler , Wolf gang (1970): Antworten der Verhaltensforschung. Rensch , B. (1970): Evolution of matter and consciousness and its relation to pan-psychistic idcntism (Evolution von Stoff und Bewußtsein und ihre Beziehung zum panpsychistischen Identismus). Rensch , B. (1970): Die stammesgeschichtliche Entwicklung der Hirnleistungen. Carthy , J. D. (1968): Tiere auf Wanderung, Orientieren und Navigieren.     

A comparison of two ATPase based schemes for histochemical muscle fibre typing in various mammals

A comparative study was performed on the fibre populations in tibialis anterior muscles of mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, cat and dog using the two different methods of histochemical staining for myofibrillar ATPase after acid (Brooke and Kaiser 1970) or alkaline preincubations (Guth and Samaha 1970). For all species a complete correspondence existed between type I (Brooke and Kaiser 1970) and beta fibres (Samaha et al. 1970). Gross correspondence (greater than 85%) existed between IIA and IIB (Brooke and Kaiser 1970) and alpha beta and alpha fibres (Samaha et al. 1970) respectively in mouse, guinea pig, rabbit, cat and dog. In the case of mouse and dog, this high degree of correspondence was based on the assumption that mouse tibialis anterior contains no type I and the dog no type IIB fibres. For the rat, a pronounced overlap existed between IIA fibres on the one hand and alpha beta and alpha fibres on the other hand as well as between IIB fibres and alpha beta and alpha fibres. These observations lead to the conclusion that the two classification schemes are not interchangeable for all species and that the two terminologies should be used only in relation with the methods from which they were derived.     

Facilitated diffusion: The problem of boundary conditions

Summary The model equations suggested by Wyman (1966) to explain Wittenberg's (1966) experiments on oxygen diffusion facilitated by haemoglobin have been studied by various authors. Kreuzer and Hoofd (1970) use a semi-analytical and numerical approach; Kutchaiet al. (1970) use a purely numerical approach; and Murray (1971) solved the equations analytically. Although the results they obtain are in good agreement with experiment, Kreuzer and Hoofd (1970) and Kutchaiet al. (1970) on the one hand and Murray (1971) and Murray and Wyman (1971) on the other use fundamentally different boundary conditions. This paper reconsiders the problem and proves that these different boundary conditions are equivalent for practically all situations of biological interest. The conclusion is that the simple algebraic result of Murray (1971) suffices for most experimental situations. In the extreme situations where his procedure is not applicable, which are distinguished in the text, the numerical scheme of Kutchaiet al. (1970) is recommended.P. J. M. would like to thank the Science Research Council for their financial support.     

Increased incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in young women in the Mitte district, Berlin, Germany

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), in particular of high grade CIN, increased in Berlin during the period 1970-1989 and whether the ages of women with CIN had decreased. STUDY DESIGN: In the former German Democratic Republic, which had a highly centralized public health system, all gynecologic operations performed on women living in the Mitte district of Berlin were carried out during the period 1970-1989 (when the Berlin Wall fell) in the gynecologic clinic of the Charité Hospital. RESULTS: The incidence of all CIN increased from year to year over the observation period: 0.04% (1970-1971), 0.10% (1980-1981), 0.39% (1988-1989). There was a particularly high increase in the incidence of high grade intraepithelial neoplasms (CIN 3): 0.016% (1970-1971), 0.056% (1980-1981), 0.25% (1988-1989). With a virtually unchanged age distribution for women in the Mitte district of Berlin, the median age of women with CIN 3 decreased significantly from 1970 to 1989, from 39.5 (1970) to 33 (1989) (P < .001). CONCLUSION: The increase in the incidence of CIN, especially of high grade CIN, as well as the reduction in age for onset of the disease, makes high participation in screening necessary, above all among young women.     

AGE, EGG-SIZE AND BREEDING SUCCESS IN THE HERRING GULL LARUS ARGENTATUS

The breeding biology of the Herring Gull Larus argentatus was studied in 1969, 1970 and 1972 on Skokholm, Pembrokeshire. The distribution of laying dates in three years is given; median laying date was always about 10 May. Laying dates of individual pairs were fairly constant between two years, but females up to nine years of age apparently advanced their laying date in successive years. In 1969 there was a decline in clutch-volume index during the season but this was not found in 1970 or 1972. Females laid clutches of similar volume in successive years, although the volume did vary with age, increasing up to 7 or 8 years of age and then declining. Hatching success was highest in the earliest of four periods in 1970 (69%) and lowest in the last (51%); in 1972 the corresponding figures were 71% and 63% and the seasonal trend was not significant. Chick mortality was higher in 1970 (69%) than in 1972 (59%); in 1970 there was significant seasonal variation in chick survival but in 1972 there was not. In 1970 chick survival was positively correlated with hatching weight (and hence egg-size) and chick survival was also related to growth which was itself correlated with hatching weight. There were no such correlations in 1972. Mean chick production in 1970 was 0.60 per pair and in 1972 0.70. In both years later breeders were less successful, but the seasonal range of mean success was less in 1972. In the discussion it is shown that some of these differences between years could be due to changes in the age structure of the population and it is suggested that the correlation between egg-size and chick survival in 1970 may be an artefact of the age structure.     

Isolation of Bovine Adenovirus Type 1 from a Calf with Pneumo-Enteritis

During the last decade, an increasing number of bovine adenoviruses have been isolated from calves suffering from more, or less, well-defined syndromes. These have consisted of respiratory disorders of varying severity, enteritis, or a combination of both, which in typical cases has been termed “pneumo-enteritis”. These investigations have been reviewed by Darbyshire (1968). Wilcox (1969) isolated adenoviruses from kerato-conjunctivitis (KC) in cattle. Furthermore, strains have been isolated from apparently healthy animals (Darbyshire 1968), and from tissue cultures prepared from various organs from calves such as kidneys (Scho- pov et al. 1968), and testes (Rondhuis 1968, Bartha & Csontos 1969). At the present time 9 serotypes of bovine adenoviruses exist, as determined by neutralization tests, and these have recently been reviewed by Guenov et al. (1970). However, several strains, some from cases of pneumonia (Cole 1970, Lupini et al. 1970) and others from KC (Wilcox 1969) remain to be typed and compared with the known prototypes, thereby enabling possible new serotypes to be identified. So far, serotypes 1 and 2 (Darbyshire et al. 1969), serotype 3 (Darbyshire et al. 1966) and serotypes 4 and 5 (Aldasy et al. 1965) have been shown to cause pneumo-enteritis, and serotype 6 (Rondhuis 1970) a mild respiratory disease in experimentally infected calves. Similarly, KC has been produced experimentally by Wilcox (1970), while the pathogenicity for experimental animals of the other typed and untyped strains remains to be investigated.     

Besprechungen

Book reviewed in this article: Koopowitz , Harold (1970): Feeding behaviour and the role of the brain in the Polyclad Flatworm Planocera gilchristi (Nahrungssuche und -aufnähme bei der Seeplanarie P. g. mit und ohne Hirn). Reichenbach-Klinke , H.-H. (1969): Bestimmungsschlüssel zur Diagnose von Fischkrankheiten. Reichenbach-Klinke , H. H. (1966): Krankheiten und Schädigungen der Fische. Grzimeks Tierleben Band 4, Fische 1. Poduschka , Walter und Christi (1970): Geliebtes Stacheltier, Verhalten und Aufzucht von Igeln. Fossey , Dian (1970): Making friends with Mountain Gorillas. Stahl , F. W. (1969): Mechanismen der Vererbung. Brewbaker , James L. (1967): Angewandte Genetik. Die genetischen Grundlagen der Pflanzen- und Tierzüchtung. Zimmermann , W. (1969): Vererbung “erworbener Eigenschaften” und Auslese. Renner , E. (1970): Mathematisch-statistische Methoden in der praktischen Anwendung. Fortschritte der Zoologie , begründet von Max Hartmann, Band 18, 3. Kükenthal , Matthes, Renner (1967): Leitfaden für das zoologische Praktikum, 15. Schlieper , Carl (1964): Praktikum der Zoophysiologie Klopfer , Peter H. (1968): Ökologie und Verhalten. Freedman , D. G. (1969): Behavioural differences between Chinese-American and European-American newborns (Verhaltensunterschiede zwischen Neugeborenen von aus China und aus Europa eingewanderten Amerikanern). ed. Heberer , G. (1965): Menschliche Abstammungslehre, Fortschritte der Anthropo-genie 1863–1964. Koenig , Otto (1970): Kultur und Verhaltensforschung, Einführung in die Kulturethologie.     

Taxonomic study of the genus Prorophora Ragonot, 1887 (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Phycitinae) in China, with description of a new species

The genus Prorophora Ragonot, 1887 is newly recorded for China. Of the three species treated here, Prorophora (Reisserempista) binacanthasp. n. is described as new; Prorophora (Prorophora) albidogilvella Roesler, 1970 and Prorophora (Reisserempista) mongolica Roesler, 1970 are diagnosed and newly recorded for China. Images of adults and illustrations of genital structures are provided, along with a key to the known species.     

Besprechungen

Book reviewed in this article: Weygoldt , Peter (1970): Courtship behaviour and sperm transfer in the Giant Whip Scorpion, Mastigoproctus giganteus (Lucas) (Uropygi, Thelyphonidae) (Werben und Samenübertragung beim großen Geisseiskorpion). Warner , G. F. (1970): Behaviour of two species of Grapsid Crab during intraspecific encounters (Verhalten der grapsoiden Krabben Aratus pisoni und Goniopsis cruentata bei Kämpfen mit Artgenossen). Hazlett , Brian A. (1970): Tactile stimuli in the social behaviour of Pagurus bernhardus (Decapoda, Paguridae) (Sozial bedeutsame Berührungsreize beim Einsiedlerkrebs P. b.). Fox , M. W. (1970): A comparative study of the development of facial expressions in Canides; wolf, coyote and foxes (Eine vergleichende Untersuchung der Entwicklung des Gesichtsausdrucks bei Caniden: Wolf, Kojote und Füchse). Holcomb , Larry C. (1970): Prolonged incubation behaviour of redwinged Blackbird incubating several egg sizes (Längeres Brüten von Rotschulterstärlingen auf Eiern verschiedener Größen). Barlow , George W., und Richard F. Green (1970): The problems of appeasement and of sexual role in the courtship behavior of the Blackchin Mouthbreeder, Tilapia melanotheron (Pisces: Cichlidae) (Beschwichtigendes und werbendes Verhalten beim Senegalbarsch, T. m.). Slewing , R. (1969): Lehrbuch der vergleichenden Entwicklungsgeschichte der Tiere. Morrell , Gillian M., und John R. G. Turner (1970): Experiments on mimicry: I. The response of wild birds to artificial prey (Modellversuche im Freiland zur Mimikry-Frage. I. Verhalten von Vögeln vor künstlichen Beuteattrappen). Beach , Frank A. (1970): Coital behaviour in dogs. VIII. Social affinity, dominance, and sexual preference in the Bitch (Paarungsverhalten bei Hunden. VIII. Bekanntschaft und Ranghöhe; wen bevorzugt die Hündin?) Darchen , R. (1969): Sur la biologie de Trigona (Apotrigona) nebulata komiensis Cock. Pflugfelder , O. (1970): Lehrbuch der Entwicklungsgeschichte und Entwicklungsphysiologie der Tiere. Portmann , A. (1969): Einführung in die vergleichende Morphologie der Wirbeltiere, 4. Auflage. Schultz , A. H. (1969): The life of primates (Das Leben der Herrentiere). Matthews , L. H. (1969): The life of mammals I. (Das Leben der Säuger). Grzimeks Tierleben, Band 11: Säugetiere 2 (1969). ed. Fox , M. W. (1968): Abnormal behavior in animals (Abnormes Verhalten von Tieren). Frisch , Otto v. (1969): Über Länder und Meere, Geheimnis der Tierwanderung. Walsh , J. (1969): Die Wasser steigen. Reuter , Wolfgang (1969): Von Lippizanern und der Spanischen Reitschule. Glover , P. E. (1968): A list of mammals from the Mau-Mara area of Massailand. Wolf , G. (1967): Der wissenschaftliche Dokumentationsfilm und die Encyclopaedia Cinematographica.     

24-hydroxycholesterol levels in human brain

24-Hydroxycholesterol (cerebrosterol, cholest-5-ene-3β;, 24ξ-diol) occurs at low levels in human (Di Frisco , De Ruggieri and Ercoli , 1953; Ercoli and De Ruggieri , 1953a, 19536; Schubert , Rose and Burger , 1961; Van Lier and Smith , 1969 , 1970), equine (Ercoli , Di Frisco and De Ruggieri , 1953a; Ercoli and De Ruggieri , 1953a, 1953b; Fieser , Huang and Bhattacharyya , 1957) and bovine (Richter and Dannenberg , 1969) brain tissue. Only one of two possible C-24 epimeric alcohols appears to occur in human brain (Van Lier and Smith , 1970) and the sterol may be regarded as a true endogenous trace-level sterol and not as an artifact of autoxidation derived during isolation and analysis. As a phase of our continuing interests in the presence of trace-level polar sterols in human tissues (Van Lier and Smith , 1967 , 1969, 1970 , 1971a; Smith and Van Lier , 1970), we sought to measure levels of 24-hydroxycholesterol in different parts of human brain by gas chromatographic means. The present report deals with our measurements of 24-hydroxycholesterol in human cortex, subcortical white matter, midbrain, pons, and cerebellum.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Sachs, L. (1970) . Statistische Methoden, Ein Soforthelfer .
Dansereau, Pierre (Ed.) (1970) . Challenge for Survival: Land, Air and Water for Man in Megalopolis. 9½× 6 in .
Electrical Energy Needs and Environmental Problems, Now and in the Future.
Edmondson, W. T. and Winberg, G. G. (Eds) (1971) . A Manual on Methods for the Assessment of Secondary Productivity in Fresh Waters .     

Opecoelidae (Digenea) from western Mediterranean fishes: three rare species

Three little-known opecoelid digeneans from marine fishes off Corsica, France, are redescribed and their relationships discussed. Plagioporus novella Maillard & Lambert, 1978 from Conger conger is transferred to Podocotyle as P. novella (Maillard & Lambert, 1978) n. comb. The new combinations Podocotyle tohei (Yamaguti, 1970) and P. congeri (Yamaguti, 1970) are formed for species originally assigned to Plagioporus. Podocotyle temensis Fischthal & Thomas, 1970 from Epinephelus guaza is redescribed and compared with the other Podocotyle species reported from the Mediterranean. A third species, Pseudopecoeloides chloroscombri (Fischthal & Thomas, 1970) n. comb. (was Podocotyloides), is redescribed from three Trachurus species and a key to the species of this Pseudopecoeloides is given.     

Some new and known species of the genusDidymocystis Ariola, 1902 (Trematoda: Didymozoidae) from scombrid fishes of the Visakhapatnam coast,Bay of Bengal

Nine species of didymozoid trematodes referable to the genusDidymocystis Ariola, 1902 are reported from scombrid fishes of the Visakhapatnam coast, Bay of Bengal, India. They are:Didymocystis wedli fromThunnus tonggol; D. dissimilis fromKatsuwonus pelamis; D. alalongae fromT. tonggol; D. superpalati fromT. tonggol; D. bifurcata fromT. tonggol; D. oesophagicola fromT. tonggol; D. pinnicola fromK. pelamis; D. exiguus fromAuxis thazard andEuthynnus affinis; and a new species,D. guttatus, fromScomberomorus guttatus. The generaLagenocystis Yamaguti, 1970,Oesophagocystis Yamaguti, 1970 andDidymosulcus Pozdnyakov, 1990 are synonymised withDidymocystis. The synonymies ofUnivitellodidymocystis Yamaguti, 1970 andDidymocystoides Yamaguti, 1970, but notCoeliodidymocystis Yamaguti, 1970, withDidymocystis, as proposed by Pozdnyakov (1990), are accepted.Didymocystis bifasciatus (Yamaguti, 1970) is considered a synonym ofD. alalongae Yamaguti, 1970 andD. philobranchia Yamaguti, 1970 ofD. bifurcata Yamaguti, 1970. Of the nine species reported, eight constitute new reports from the Bay of Bengal. A key to the species ofDidymocystis from scombrid fishes of the Visakhapatnam coast is presented.