植物同工酶与抗病关系研究（综述）

本文通过植物同工酶与抗病关系研究的综述,总结了植物同工酶的研究方法,探讨了植物抗病性可能的生化机制,指出,同工酶的相对含量可以作为鉴定作物品种是否具抗性的生化指标。     

中国苋属植物酯酶同工酶研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶盘状电泳技术对中国苋属植物１３种的酯酶同工酶谱进行了研究。结果表明：苋属植物酯酶同工酶有２条属的标志带在生化水平上认为是一个自然的分类群;     

磁水处理的番茄中过氧化物酶同工酶的分析

同工酶在植物中普遍存在,其中研究较多的是过氧化物酶同工酶。从同工酶谱的分析,可以识别基因的存在和表达,反映代谢调控的改变及生理功能的差异,因此它是研究生理生化变化的灵敏指标。我们曾观察到番茄经磁水(磁处理水)处理后,氮代谢加强、核酸含量增加、硝酸还原酶活性提高等。文献报道,植物经磁场处理后,其过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶、酯酶等多种酶的活性均有提高。经磁水处理后,番茄中同工酶谱的变化及其机理的研究,未见报道。本文着重分析磁水     

玉米过氧化物酶同工酶Px、位点和醋酶同工酶Est3位点的遗传基础研究

同工酶是基因表达后的产物,是分子水平 上的表型〔幻。和个体水平上的表型一样,通过 同工酶在世代间的表现,就可以分析其遗传基 础。对同工酶的遗传基础的深人分析,有助于 了解基因与酶之间的关系及酶与个体水平上表 型的关系。这些关系的阐明,是当代分子生物 学的重要课题,并且对同工酶在实践中的应用 也具有重要的意义。国外对植物同工酶生化遗 传学研究的报道很多〔‘一,。,,国内黄炳权等〔31对水 稻醋酶同工酶的遗传基础进行了研究,程家胜 等〔叼对苹果过氧化物酶同工酶也作过遗传分 析。但是,不同的植物,不同的酶系统,甚至同一 种酶的不同同工酶带的遗传基础是不同的。本 文试图用经典遗传学与分子生物学手段相结合 的方法,对玉米幼苗的过氧化物酶同工酶和醋 酶同工酶进行遗传分析,以期探明这些同工酶 带的遗传基础。     

雌雄异株植物性别鉴定的研究进展

雌雄异株植物为研究植物的性别决定和进化提供了一个模式体系,由于不同性别的植物具有不同的经济价值,所以其性别鉴定的研究不仅具有重要的理论意义,而且具有极为重要的实践价值。从外部形态、生理生化指标、染色体组型、同工酶、特异蛋白质分子、分子标记等方面,对近15年来国内外有关雌雄异株植物性别鉴定研究的进展作了总结,并对各种鉴定方法的优缺点进行了评价,同时对其研究发展趋势作了展望。     

同工酶分析技术及其在植物研究中的应用

同工酶几乎存在于所有生物的所有组织中,是生物化学和分子生态学的重要研究内容。本文阐明了同工酶分析技术的特点,及其在植物系统学、植物生理生态学研究中的应用,并着重阐述了同工酶分析技术在云杉研究中的应用。     

柑桔近缘植物酯酶同工酶的研究

本文用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定了柑桔近缘植物14个种群的种子及幼苗的酯酶同工酶,根据酶谱及扫描图的异同,分析了彼此的亲缘关系,试验结果表明,柑桔近缘植物种属间的酯酶同工酶的酶带数目,酶活性,迁移率及酶谱扫描均有不同程度的差异,同一品种不同发育时期的同工酶也具有不同表现形式,特别是柑桔种子的酯酶同工酶谱一般较稳定,可以作为柑桔亲缘关系的生化遗传指标。     

柑桔近缘植物酯酶同工酶的研究

本文用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定了柑桔近缘植物14个种群的种子及幼苗的酯酶同工酶,根据酶谱及扫描图的异同,分析了彼此的亲缘关系,试验结果表明,柑桔近缘植物种属间的酯酶同工酶的酶带数目,酶活性,迁移率及酶谱扫描均有不同程度的差异,同一品种不同发育时期的同工酶也具有不同表现形式,特别是柑桔种子的酯酶同工酶谱一般较稳定,可以作为柑桔亲缘关系的生化遗传指标。     

植物SOD同工酶活性显示的某些干扰

1983年我们介绍了植物SOD同工酶活性显示的方法,这个方法已被国内许多研究者引用,它至今仍是检测植物SOD同工酶用得最多的方法,此法对大多数植物是适用的。近年来,SOD在生命活动中所起的作用越来越受到人们的重视,一些学者争先将SOD的研究引进自己的学科,植物生理学家研究衰老和各种逆境下SOD同工酶的变化,     

福建杉木王与杉木优树无性系过氧化物酶同工酶活性比较

同工酶普遍存在于生物体中,它是催化各种生化反应的重要物质。近十多年来同工酶分析应用于树木遗传育种方面日见增多,且取得了一定的进展,成为林木遗传育种的一种重要研究方法。但用同工酶分析法研究杉木的遗传变异至今报道尚少。     

Bodily heat resistance and polymorphism of liver esterases of grass frogs]

The determination of organismal heat resistance and qualitative composition of polymorphous liver esterases during heat acclimation (25 degrees) has been made on frogs Rana temporaria. During hybernation the most heat resistant frogs possess the homozygous allele of A2 esterase. Heat acclimation and the summer rise in temperature in nature lead to an increase in heat resistance of frogs and to the disappearance of selective advantage of animals possessing the isoenzyme of the A2A2 esterase. The functional homeostasis of populations can maintain biochemical polymorphism regardless of the selective advantage of individuals possessing one of the homozygous alleles of the isoenzyme.     

植物生长物质与植物抗旱性的关系(综述)

脱落酸、乙烯、多胺和细胞分裂素等是与植物抗旱性关系较为密切的几种植物激素。文章就植物在遭受干旱胁迫时其体内激素变化及喷施植物生长调节剂对植物抗旱性的影响进行概述,为生化调控植物抗旱性提供参考。     

Isoenzyme Patterns in Developing Xanthium Leaves

The isoenzyme patterns of individual Xanthium leaves at various stages of development were determined by acrylamid electrophoresis. The Leaf Plastochron Index was used to measure leaf and plant age. The nature of the changes occurring during leaf development differed from enzyme to enzyme and from gfrom isoenzyme to isoenzyme; for instance, one of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases was peculiar to very young leaves, another to rapidly expanding leaves, and yet another to still older ones. On the other hand, the number of amylase isoenzymes merely increased with leaf age. Many of the changes in the isoenzyme patterns coincide with the cessation of cell division in the leaf or with the completion of leaf growth. The particular isoenzyme patterns of a given leaf depended on both leaf and plant age. While the isoenzyme patterns of leaves from maximum aldolase activity per unit protein and at a later stage than the leaves from the vegetative plants.     

Analysis of isoenzyme patterns of acid phosphatase in acute leukemias

The status of acid phosphatase isoenzymes was evaluated in cells of patients with acute lymphocytic leukemias or lymphomas by analytical isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels (IEF) on horizontal thin-layer slabs. The isoenzyme patterns were correlated with routine immunological cell surface markers and the relationship of enzyme activity to specific immunological subclasses of ALL is discussed. By isoelectric focusing up to five isoenzyme groups (I-V) containing several isoenzyme were observed. No leukemia specific or additional isoenzyme could be demonstrated. This biochemical characterization showed a marked heterogeneity within two major immunologic subgroups indicating that various differentiation stages of cell maturation could be involved in cALL and T-ALL. According to their degree of maturation along T-cell differentiation axis the leukemic cells displayed no enzyme activity, weak isoenzyme bands or the incomplete or complete isoenzyme pattern seen with normal lymphocytes from human tonsils which were used as controls. The investigation of specific enzymatic patterns can lead to a further definition of subsets of acute leukemias and give insight into lymphopoietic differentiation.     

壳聚糖调节植物生长发育及诱发植物抗病性研究进展

综述了壳聚糖在调节植物生长发育和诱导植物抗病性方面所起的重要作用及其可能的作用机制。壳聚糖对植物氨同化关键酶具有明显的生理调节功能,可以提高植物同化NH4 的能力,有利于蛋白质的生物合成与积累,改善植物的营养品质及园艺性状;并能迅速激发植物的防卫反应,启动植物的防御系统,有效地提高植物的抗病性。同时通过壳聚糖结合蛋白的分离、纯化及其生化特性的研究为进一步确定壳聚糖的作用机制奠定了基础。     

铅胁迫下植物抗性机制的研究进展

综述了近10多年来国内外研究重金属铅对植物的伤害机理,以及植物对铅的耐性机制的研究进展.首先从细胞分裂、细胞膜透性、光合作用和抗氧化酶系统等生理生化方面讨论了铅对植物的伤害机理,其次分析了铅离子跨膜运输、根系分泌物、金属配位体、铅离子区域化分布与植物抗性的关系.     

Characterization of Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax by isoenzyme analysis

Stocks derived from 10 different primary isolates of T. vivax were subjected to isoenzyme analysis for 34 enzymes by both isoelectric focusing in agarose and electrophoresis in starch gel. Trypanosomes were measured and their morphology examined for comparison with the biochemical data. Thirteen enzymes (14 zymograms) were selected to construct isoenzyme profiles. Nine different zymodemes were identified and only two stocks were identical. Both rodent infectivity and the production of the haemorrhagic syndrome could be correlated with the isoenzyme profiles.     

Phytotoxins as tools in studying plant disease resistance

Many plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria produce phytotoxins which are a vital part of their arsenal in causing plant disease. Some host-specific toxins have proved useful in enhancing our understanding of the biochemical mechanisms underlying plant disease resistance.     

Progress of Study on Chitosan in Regulating Plants’Growth and Eliciting Plants’Defense Responses

Important effect of chitosan on regulating plant growth , eliciting plant resistance to disease and it’s possible operating mechanism are reviewed . Chitosan shows evidence physiological effect on the key enzymes of ammonia assimilation and enhances the amination capacity in plant, which is in favor of biology synthesize and accumulation of protein . Thus , chitosan improves nutrition quality and horticulture properties of plant . Moreover , chitosan rapidly stimulates plant defense responses , then startups defensive system and elevates resistance to disease . To a further understanding of the mechanism of chitosan on plant , we have isolated and determined some biochemical properties of a chitosan-bingding protein .     

Plasma Membrane-Bound Mechanisms of Signal Transduction in the Control of Plant Dormancy and Resistance

Data on membrane-bound biochemical mechanisms of control of plant dormancy and resistance to phytopathogens are discussed. Phytohormones are involved in the control of plant dormancy by the modification of activity of membrane-bound enzymes and ion channels. Similar constituents of the plasma membrane are influenced by fungal extracellular metabolites. Proposed interconnections between plasmalemma-bound signaling mechanisms responsible for plant resistance to infection and dormancy regulation are illustrated by a scheme.