Er-YAG激光在牙体硬组织中的应用

随着科学技术的进步,激光技术正以惊人的速度向前发展。激光具有许多优异的性能,已被应用到人类生活的各个领域。伴随激光医学的进展,近来在口腔医学方面的研究已逐步开展起来,除了应用于口腔软组织处理外,激光用于牙体硬组织也得到了越来越多的关注。其中Er-YAG激光在口腔领域的实用性和安全性已得到多方面的认证。该文就激光在口腔医学特别是牙体硬组织中的应用作一综述。     

Er-YAG 激光在牙体硬组织中的应用

随着科学技术的进步,激光技术正以惊人的速度向前发展。激光具有许多优异的性能,已被应用到人类生活的各个领域。伴随激光医学的进展,近来在口腔医学方面的研究已逐步开展起来,除了应用于口腔软组织处理外,激光用于牙体硬组织也得到了越来越多的关注。其中Er-YAG激光在口腔领域的实用性和安全性已得到多方面的认证。该文就激光在口腔医学特别是牙体硬组织中的应用作一综述。     

CBCT在口腔正畸领域的应用

CBCT作为一种新兴辅助诊断技术,近年来广泛应用于口腔领域,本文对CBCT在口腔正畸学领域的多方面应用进行了综合阐述,包括微种植钉、阻生牙、颞下颌关节、气道和软组织分析等,同时通过与传统影像技术的对比,进一步展示了CBCT的独特优势.     

低能量激光在口腔种植中的应用进展

低能量激光照射（low level laser irradiation,LLLI）是一种生物物理学刺激,对多种细胞具有光生物调节作用,可以促进骨组织和软组织的愈合,已经引起口腔种植工作者的重视。本文综述了LLLI在口腔种植中的应用,并简述了低能量激光照射的光生物调节作用可能的分子学机制,最后提出了低能量激光照射的研究展望,为未来低能量激光照射在口腔种植临床的应用奠定基础。     

半导体激光在口腔临床医疗中的应用和研究进展

激光在口腔领域中的应用越来越多。半导体激光以其诸多的优点,在口腔领域的应用也越来越广泛,现就半导体激光在口腔内科、口腔正畸学、口腔修复学、口腔种植学以及颌面外科等领域的临床应用现状及目前的研究进展加以综述。     

激光技术在农产品质量检测中的研究进展

近年来激光在农业领域得到广泛的应用和研究,其中的一个最新进展是将激光技术应用于农产品内部品质和安全性检测。本文介绍了农产品质量检测中的几种激光技术,包括应用激光的吸收与反射技术来检测农产品糖酸度、质地、PH值、成熟度、干物质等;应用激光诱导荧光技术来检测农产品的农药残留、叶绿素、成熟度;应用激光拉曼光谱技术来检测农产品水果损伤、农药残留。对农产品激光检测的未来发展趋势进行了探讨和展望。     

口腔微生物群落结构分析方法的研究进展

牙菌斑是口腔常见感染性疾病——龋病和牙周病的始动因子,主要由微生物构成。在口腔中发现的700余个种属或种系型的细菌中,有50%左右未获得培养。基于分子生物学的方法在口腔微生态和感染性疾病的病因研究中已经成为不可或缺的技术。近年来,以16S rRNA基因为基础建立的分子生物学技术正逐步广泛用于微生物群落的分析,跨越了传统的微生物培养,直接对不同生态系,包括人类口腔的微生物组成进行了研究。本文主要介绍16s rRNA基因的分子分析技术,以及它们在口腔微生物群落结构分析研究中的应用,另外还简要介绍了一些尚未应用于口腔的新技术。     

两种光引发剂对Denlaser 800激光器产热性及组织灼烧效果的对比

目的：比较两种激光引发剂对Denlaser 800型激光器产热性能及口腔黏膜软组织烧灼效果的影响。方法：将两种激光引发剂等量滴到载玻片上备用,电偶器安装在载玻片底部用于测量温度。用激光照射十秒钟,在十秒钟末记录电偶器温度值。用相同量的甲紫液、墨汁液,分别涂布在实验小白鼠舌背前1/2处,用同一激光器在相同参数条件下对涂布光敏感剂的实验部位进行照射,取实验区组织病理切片、染色、光学显微镜下摄影、计算机测量烧灼面积。结果：甲紫吸收Denlaser800型激光升高温度显著高于墨汁（P<0.05）。涂布甲紫液黏膜组织烧灼面积明显大于墨汁液和单纯激光黏膜组织烧灼的面积（P<0.05）;甲紫液结合低剂量激光照射黏膜组织烧灼面积明显大于单纯高剂量激光照射黏膜组织烧灼的面积（P<0.05）,略大于墨汁液高剂量激光黏膜组织烧灼面积。结论：甲紫比墨汁引发剂对Denlaser800型激光器激光热性能更好,光引发剂可以增加激光对口腔黏膜组织的作用,甲紫液优于墨汁液,是口腔科理想的光敏感剂。     

激光技术在医学领域中的新应用及我国的发展概况

1　在医学领域中的新应用1 960年美国科学家制造出世界第一台红宝石激光器 ,翌年立即用于临床治疗。激光技术在 40余年来取得了巨大成就。在医学领域内 ,激光技术已广泛应用于诊断、治疗及基础理论研究。由于激光器具有切割、凝固、气化、打孔、截骨等功能 ,目前已广泛应用于眼科、耳鼻喉科、皮肤科、普外科、神经外科和肿瘤科等。医用激光器作为手术治疗的器械 ,已充分显示了它无与伦比的优越性。近年在医学领域中的应用更是举世瞩目 ,拓展了临床应用 ,主要表现在以下一些范围中。1 .激光葡萄糖测定　美国 Spect Rt公司用激光无痛地在皮肤…     

激光辐照仪器及其在生物医学上的应用

激光辐照仪器及其在生物医学上的应用欧琳陈荣（福建师范大学物理系,福州３５０００７）激光辐照技术已经在细胞生物学、胚胎学、遗传学和医学中得到了广泛的应用。在激光医学中,应用不引起组织不可逆损伤的功率密度和能量密度激光进行照射治疗,称之为低强度照射疗法。...     

Opportunities and limitations of SELDI-TOF-MS in biomedical research: practical advices

Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, or surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization ProteinChip technology, has been widely used in obtaining the quantitative profiles of tissue proteomes, particularly plasma proteomes. Its high-throughput nature and simplicity in its experimental procedures have allowed this technology to become a popular research tool for biomarker discovery in the past 5 years. After accumulating more research experiences, researchers now have a better understanding of the characteristics and limitations of this technology, as well as the pitfalls in biomarker research, by undertaking a comparative proteomic approach. This review provides an overview of the surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, discusses its limitations and provides some possible solutions to help apply this technology to biomarker research.     

Prospect for feedback guided surgery with ultra-short pulsed laser light

The controlled cutting of tissue with laser light is a natural technology to combine with automated stereotaxic surgery. A central challenge is to cut hard tissue, such as bone, without inducing damage to juxtaposed soft tissue, such as nerve and dura. We review past work that demonstrates the feasibility of such control through the use of ultrafast laser light to both cut and generate optical feedback signals via second harmonic generation and laser induced plasma spectra.     

Opportunities and limitations of SELDI-TOF-MS in biomedical research: practical advices

Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, or surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization ProteinChip^® technology, has been widely used in obtaining the quantitative profiles of tissue proteomes, particularly plasma proteomes. Its high-throughput nature and simplicity in its experimental procedures have allowed this technology to become a popular research tool for biomarker discovery in the past 5 years. After accumulating more research experiences, researchers now have a better understanding of the characteristics and limitations of this technology, as well as the pitfalls in biomarker research, by undertaking a comparative proteomic approach. This review provides an overview of the surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, discusses its limitations and provides some possible solutions to help apply this technology to biomarker research.     

Soft tissue re-growth after different crown lengthening techniques among Indian patients

Patients often report complaining of fractured or decayed teeth with severe morphological deformities. However, all these clinical scenarios require the same level of care and consideration to rehabilitate form, function and esthetics. Some cases have sufficient clinical crown height while others often require an interdisciplinary approach in the form of orthodontic/surgical extrusion or surgical periodontal options. A common factor delaying treatment is soft tissue regrowth after crown lengthening which delays the impression required for final prosthesis. Therefore, it is of interest to compare the prevalence of soft tissue regrowth a week after different crown lengthening techniques including laser gingivectomy, electrocautery gingivectomy, modified Widman flap and apically repositioned. The parameters assessed included 1-week postoperative soft tissue regrowth after crown lengthening, age of patients and gender. It was observed that laser and electrocautery-assisted gingivectomy had a higher rate of soft tissue regrowth as compared to surgical techniques. It was further noted that laser and electrocautery assisted gingivectomy had a higher frequency of soft tissue rebound growth compared to surgical crown lengthening using modified widman flap and apically repositioned flap, which was statistically insignificant. Patients within the age groups of 26-60 years were found to have a higher tendency of soft tissue regrowth, which was found to be clinically and statistically significant (p<0.05).     

Critical evaluation of indications for the holmium:YAG laser and the neodymium:YAG laser in orthopedic surgery based on an in vitro study]

This is an in vitro study of the biophysical effects of holmium:YAG and neodymium-YAG lasers that was prompted by the poor clinical results obtained with lumbar percutaneous laser discus decompression (PLDD). In the absence of adequate cooling, ablation of tissue with the holmium:YAG laser causes thermal damage to the surrounding tissues. Utilizing the immediate colour-independent laser coupling effect, the holmium:YAG laser removes soft and hard tissue immediately. The low tissue penetrating power (max. 0.32 mm), together with the use of irrigation, avoids thermal problems, and this laser type with its high pulse energy and frequency is to be recommended for arthroscopic surgery. In contrast, the effects of the neodymium:YAG laser are highly dependent on tissue colour. Using this laser on light-coloured tissue only diffuse warming but no ablation of soft tissue was often seen. The depth of tissue penetration seen in our study was 0.58 mm, but is greatly dependent on the duration of application, and is much larger with long application times. In conclusion, we believe that the neodymium:YAG laser is more suitable for percutaneous intradiscal procedures than the holmium:YAG laser. For arthroscopic surgery, the holmium:YAG laser will be the better choice. The effect of each type of laser depends not only on its physical properties, but also on tissue properties (light or dark-coloured, thermal conductivity) and duration of application.     

义齿粘附剂在口腔修复中的应用

随着全球人口老龄化趋势的不断加剧,老年人群口腔疾病的发病率也随之上升。以我国为例,每年因牙列缺损或牙列缺失而接受治疗的患者数量不断增加。无论何种修复体,义齿的固位和稳定一直是口腔医生和患者评价修复体成功与否的最直观的标准。如何提高义齿的固位和稳定是口腔专业工作者长期关注并研究的主题。义齿的固位与稳定可以通过多种方式进行强化。义齿粘附剂(DA)是用来辅助粘膜支持式义齿(包括全口义齿)固位的方法之一。本文通过阐述义齿粘附剂提高义齿固位与稳定的机理,探讨不同类型的义齿粘附剂对口腔环境的影响,对义齿粘附剂在口腔修复学科应用的现状及发展作一综述,以利于DA的使用与推广。     

Proportion of soft tissue in selected bone cuts fed primarily as enrichments to large carnivores

Zoos often offer large bones or cuts of meat containing bone (bone cuts) to carnivores to provide oral stimulation and behavioral enrichment. Because of its abrasive action, the act of chewing on a bone can increase the oral health of large felids as well as provide an enriching activity. Unfortunately, because the quantity of edible tissue on the bones is usually unknown, when feeding these cuts one can easily miscalculate an animal's caloric and nutrient intake. To fully comprehend the contribution of bones as a dietary item as opposed to an enrichment item, we removed the soft tissue from a total of 70 samples, representing 14 types of bone cuts commonly used in managed carnivore feeding programs. Across types of cuts, soft tissue averaged 50% of wet weight, with pork knuckles averaging the lowest (23%) and horse shanks the greatest (74%) percent soft tissue. Zoo Biol 27:154–158, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.