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1.
The cell wall lipopolysaccharide of the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium vibrioforme f. thiosulfatophilum was obtained by the phenol-chloroform-petroleum ether and the hot phenol-water methods, respectively. It contained mannose, glucose, galacturonic acid, glucosamine, glycine, and small amounts of rhamnose, galactose and glucuronic acid. In addition to d-glycero-d-mannoheptose, the corespecific constituents 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate and l-glycero-d-mannoheptose were found. Polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis in the presence of sodium deoxycholate gave no indication for the presence of O-specific repeating units. Degradation of the lipopolysaccharide required 10% acetic acid (100° C, 2 h). The lipid A moiety contained the total of glucosamine of the lipopolysaccharide as well as small amounts of 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-glucose. It was phosphate-free. The fatty acid spectrum comprised 3-OH-14:0, 3-OH-16:0, and iso-3-OH-18:0 besides little 12:0, 14:0 and 16:0. Hydroxylaminolysis and sodium methylate treatment revealed all of the three hydroxy fatty acids to be amidebound.Abbreviations DOC
sodium deoxycholate
- PAGE
polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis 相似文献
2.
A purified sheath fraction and an outer membrane fraction were obtained from the cyanobacterium Fischerella sp. PCC 7414. The sheath had a fine structure with osmiophilic fibers running in parallel to the cell surface in two distinct layers. The sheath fraction contained mainly neutral sugars (Glc, Man, Gal, Xyl, Fuc, 2-O-methylhexose), GlcN, uronic acids, and minor components such as amino acids, sulfate, phosphate, and fatty acids. The protein moiety was removable from the sheath fraction by treatment with boiling sodium dodecyl sulfate. The presence of three different 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OH-14:0, 3-OH-16:0, 3-OH-18:0) in addition to GlcN indicated the presence of lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane. One major (Mr 50,000) and two minor (Mr 54,000 and 65,000) proteins were detected as constituents of the outer membrane.Abbreviations A2pm
diaminopimelic acid
- GLC
gas-liquid chromatography
- GlcN
glucosamine
- Ino
inositol
- MurN
muramic acid
- PAGE
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate 相似文献
3.
Rudrapatnam N. Tharanathan Akira Yokota Heike Rau Hubert Mayer 《Archives of microbiology》1993,159(5):445-452
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), isolated from four Mycoplana species, i.e. the type strains of M. bullata, M. segnis, M. ramosa and M. dimorpha, were characterized onto their chemical composition and their respective lipid A-types. Those of M. bullata and M. segnis showed on DOC-PAGE an R-type character and had lipid A's of the Lipid ADAG-type which exclusively contained 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-d-glucose as lipid A sugar. LPS's of M. ramosa and M. dimorpha showed, although only weakly expressed, ladder-like patterns on DOC-PAGE indicating some S-type LPS's and lipid A of the d-glucosamine type (Lipid AGlcN). M. bullata LPS contained mannose and glucose in major amounts and additionally l-glycero-d-mannoheptose, whereas M. segnis LPS was composed of rhamnose, mannose and glucose together with both, d-glycero-d-manno- and l-glycero-d-manno-heptoses in a molar ratio of 1:2. All LPS's contained 2-keto-3-deoxy-octonic acid (Kdo), phosphate and an unidentified acidic component X. In addition to X, M. segnis LPS contained glucuronic and galacturonic acids, whereas M. ramosa LPS contained only galacturonic acid. Acetic acid hydrolysis of the LPS resulted in splitting off lipid A moieties, very rich in 3-hydroxy fatty acids, in particular in 3-OH-12:0 (in Lipid ADAG), or in 3-OH-14:0 (in Lipid AGlcN). Analysis of the 3-acyloxyacyl residues revealed major amounts of amide-linked 3-OH(3-OH-13:0)12:0 in lipid A of M. bullata and 3-OH(12:0)12:0 in lipid A of M. segnis. The rare 4-oxo-myristic acid (4-oxo-14:0) was observed only in M. bullata LPS, where it is ester-linked. Amide linked diesters could not be traced in M. ramosa and M. dimorpha. All four lipid A's lacked erster-bound acyloxyacyl residues.Non-standard abbreviations DAG
2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-d-glucose
- Kdo
2-keto-3-deoxy-octonate
- LPS
lipopolysaccharide
- PITC
phenyl isothiocyanate
- NANA
N-acetyl neuraminic acid 相似文献
4.
Hussein Masoud Teresa Urbanik-Sypniewska Buko Lindner Jürgen Weckesser Hubert Mayer 《Archives of microbiology》1991,156(3):167-175
The lipopolysaccharide of Sphaerotilus natans afforded a ladder-like pattern of bands in sodium deoxycholate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicating the presence of a S-form lipopolysaccharide. The chemical analysis showed neutral sugars (rhamnose, glucose, l-glycero-d-manno-heptose), 3-deoxy-octulosonic acid (Kdo), amino compounds (glucosamine, glucosamine phosphate, ethanolamine and ethanolamine phosphate), and phosphorus. The lipid A fraction contained saturated and unsaturated capric, lauric, and myristic acids, and 3-hydroxy capric acid (3-OH-10:0). Its chemical structure was consisting of a glucosamine disaccharide, glycosidically substituted by a phosphomonoester, and substituted at C-4 by a pyrophosphodiester esterified with ethanolamine. The amino groups of both glucosamines are acylated by 3-hydroxy capric acids and these in turn are substituted by saturated and unsaturated capric, lauric, and myristic acids. Hydroxyl groups of the backbone disaccharide at C-3 and C-3 were also esterified by 3-hydroxy capric acid, those at C-4 and C-6 were unsubstituted. The latter provides the attachment site for Kdo.Abbreviations Kdo
3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid
- 3-OH-10:0
3-hydroxy capric acid
- DOC-PAGE
deoxycholate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- GC-MS
gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
- LD-MS
laser desorption mass spectrometry
- LPS
lipopolysaccharide
- PS
polysaccharide 相似文献
5.
M. Zahr B. Fobel H. Mayer J. F. Imhoff V. Campos J. Weckesser 《Archives of microbiology》1992,157(6):499-504
Lipopolysaccharides were isolated from the moderate halophilic Ectothiorhodospira shaposhnikovii slight to and Ectothiorhodospira mobilis and from the extremely halophilic Ectothiorhodospira halophila by the hot phenol-water and purified by the phenol-chloroform-petroleum ether methods. The isolated lipopolysaccharides of all three species contained 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid and d-glycero-d-mannoheptose indicating the existence of a core. They contained additionally glucose and uronic acids (E. shaposhnikovii and E. mobilis) or glucose, uronic acids and threonine (E. halophila). Sodium deoxycholate gel-electrophoresis of the three lipopolysaccharides, each showing only one major band, indicated R-type character of the lipopolysaccharides of the three Ectothiorhodospira species.The lipid A fractions of the lipopolysaccharides from E. shaposhnikovii and E. mobilis represented phosphorylated mixed lipid A types with both 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-d-glucose and d-glucosamine. The lipid A from E. halophila contained also phosphate and 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-d-glucose but only traces of d-glucosamine, which would indicated lipid ADAG. The fatty acid spectra were characterized by amide-bound 3-OH-10:0 and 3-OH-12:0 (E. shaposhnikovii), 3-OH-10:0 (E. mobilis), or 3-OH-10:0,3-OH-14:0, and 3-oxo-14-0 (E. halophila). The predominant ester-bound fatty acids were 14:0 and 16:0 (E. shaposhnikovii and E. mobilis), or 12:0 and 14:1 (E. halophila).Abbreviations DAG
2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-d-glucose
- Kdo
3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid
- GlcA
glucuronic acid
- GalA
galacturonic acid
- GC-MS
combined gas liquid chromatographymass spectrometry
- GlcN
Glucosamine
- DOC
sodium deoxycholate
- LPS
lipopolysaccharide
- PAGE
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- PCP
phenol-chloroform-petroleum ether 相似文献
6.
Teresa Urbanik-Sypniewska Ulrich Seydel Michaela Greck Jürgen Weckesser Hubert Mayer 《Archives of microbiology》1989,152(6):527-532
The structure of the lipopolysaccharide from Rhizobium meliloti 10406, a derivative of the wild-type strain MVII-1, was examined. The compositional analysis of its polysaccharide moiety demonstrated lack of heptose(s), but high contents in glucose, galacturonic acid and 2-keto-3-deoxy-octonate (dOclA) as characteristic features. The lipid A moiety consisted of a -1,6 linked glucosamine disaccharide carrying ester (at C-4) and glycosidically (at C-1) linked phosphate residues, both present exclusively as monoester phosphates but not as phosphodiesters. Ester- and amidelinked 3-hydroxy fatty acids were mostly present as non-3-O-acylated residues. Laser desorption mass spectrometry (LD-MS) revealed heterogeneity in the fatty acid substitution, as was also indicated by the non-stoichiometric ratios obtained by quantitative fatty acid analysis. The predominating lipid A structure contained at the reducing glucosamine residue ester-linked 3-hydroxy-tetradecanoic acid (3-OH-14:0) and amide-linked 3-OH-18:0, or 3-OH-18:1, respectively. The distal (non-reducing) glucosamine carried ester-bound the recently discovered 27-hydroxyoctacosanoic acid and 3-OH-14:0 and, as amide-linked fatty acid, mostly 3-hydroxy-stearic acid (3-OH-18:0).The isolated lipopolysaccharide exhibited a high extent of lethal toxicity in galactosamine-treated mice, comparable to that of enterobacterial lipopolysaccharide. The structural relationship of LPS and lipid A of Rhizobium meliloti to other rhizobial lipopolysaccharides and lipid A's with respect to questions of taxonomy and of phylogenetic relationships will be discussed.Abbreviations LPS
lipopolysaccharide
- dOclA
3-deoxy-D-mannooctulosonic acid (KDO)
- GalA
galacturonic acid
- DOC
sodium deoxycholate
- PAGE
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- LD-MS
laser desorption-mass spectrometry 相似文献
7.
Dorothee Heuermann Peter Roggentin Reinhard G. Kleineidam Roland Schauer 《Glycoconjugate journal》1991,8(2):95-101
The sialidase secreted byClostridium chauvoei NC08596 was purified to apparent homogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration, hydrophobic interaction-chromatography, FPLC ion-exchange chromatography, and FPLC gel filtration. The enzyme was enriched about 10 200-fold, reaching a final specific activity of 24.4 U mg–1. It has a relatively high molecular mass of 300 kDa and consists of two subunits each of 150 kDa. The cations Mn2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ and bovine serum albumin have a positive effect on the sialidase activity, while Hg2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+, chelating agents and salt decrease enzyme activity. The substrate specificity, kinetic data, and pH optimum of the enzyme are similar to those of other bacterial sialidases.Abbreviations FPLC
fast protein liquid chromatography
- NCTC
National Collection of Type Cultures
- ATCC
American Type Culture Collection
- MU-Neu5Ac
4-methylumbelliferyl--d-N-acetylneuraminic acid
- buffer A
0.02m piperazine, 0.01m CaCl2, pH 5.5
- buffer B
0.02m piperazine, 0.01m CaCl2, 1.0m NaCl, pH 5.5
- buffer C
0.1m sodium acetate, 0.01m CaCl2, pH 5.5
- SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate
- PAGE
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- Neu5Ac
N-acetylneuraminic acid
- BSM
bovine submandibular gland mucin
- GD1a
IV3Neu5Ac, II3Neu5Ac-GgOse4Cer
- GM1
II3Neu5Ac-GgOse4Cer
- MU-Neu4,5Ac2
4-methylumbelliferyl--d-N-acetyl-4-O-acetylneuraminic acid
- TLC
thin-layer chromatography
- HPTLC
high performance thin-layer chromatography
- EDTA
ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid
- EGTA
ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl-ethen)-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid
- BSA
bovine serum albumin
- Neu5Ac2en
2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid
- IEF
isoelectric focusing
- IEP
isoelectric point 相似文献
8.
Chemical analyses on cell envelope polymers of the halophilic,phototrophic Rhodospirillum salexigens
Whole cells of Rhodospirillum salexigens, an obligatory halophilic bacterium, have a very low peptidoglycan content (0.17 mol muramic acid/mg cell dry weight) which is not sufficient to form a sacculus structure. The isolated peptidoglycan contains glucosamine: muramic acid: diaminopimelic acid: alanine: glutamic acid in molar ratios of 1:1:1:2:3. The degree of cross linking is 30%. A polysaccharide consisting of glucosamine, an unknown compound X and a 2-amino-2-deoxy-pentose (relative molar ratios; 1:2:1) was extracted into the water phase of phenol water extracts of whole cells. The polysaccharide co-sedimented with peptidoglycan when cell homogenates were centrifuged in the presence of 4% NaCl (100,000xg, 4 h) or on a sucrose gradient (20–60% sucrose, 28,000xg, 16 h) in the presence or absence of NaCl and/or EDTA.Lack of -hydroxy fatty acids and of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate in all phenol-water extract fractions as well as in the whole cell hydrolysate indicates the absence of common outer membrane lipopolysaccharide in R. salexigens. Removal of the cell surface layer exposed six proteins to labeling with radioactive iodine catalyzed by lactoperoxidase. These proteins are suggested to be constituents of the outer membrane of R. salexigens.Abbreviations Ala
alamine
- A2pm
diaminopimelic acid
- DDPT
dimethyl-3,3-dithiobispropionimidate dihydrochloride
- GlcN
glucosamine
- Glu
glutamic acid
- Gly
glycine
- His
histidine
- MurN
muramic acid
- SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate 相似文献
9.
The plasma membrane-associated proteoglycans of a malignant human breast cell line (MDA-MB-231) were compared with the corresponding proteoglycans from a normal cell line (HBL-100). The labeled proteoglycans were isolated from the plasma membranes of cells grown in the presence of [3H]glucosamine and [35S]Na2SO4 by extraction with guanidine hydrochloride and subsequently purified by DEAE-ion exchange chromatography. Their structural properties were established by treatment with nitrous acid, heparitinase and chondroitinase ABC, and by gel filtration before and after alkaline -elimination. About 18% of the proteoglycans synthesized by these cell lines were associated with the plasma membranes. The HBL plasma membranes contained 80% heparan sulfate and 20% chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans whereas MDA plasma membranes had 50% heparan sulfate and 50% chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. The MDA plasma membrane contained two heparan sulfate proteoglycans, both having nearly the same molecular size as the two species secreted into the medium by these cells. The HBL plasma membrane also contained two hydrodynamic size heparan sulfate proteoglycans. The larger hydrodynamic size species has a slightly lower molecular size than that secreted into the medium, and the smaller hydrodynamic size species was not detectable in the medium. Even though the major chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans from MDA plasma membranes were smaller in size than those from HBL plasma membrane, a larger proportion of the glycosaminoglycan chains of the former were bigger than those from the latter.Abbreviations CHAPS
3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]propane-1-sulfonate
- Di-OS
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(-d-gluco-4-ene-pyranosyluronic acid)-d-galactose
- Di-4S
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(-d-gluco-4-ene-pyranosyluronic acid)-4-O-sulfo-d-galactose
- Di-6S
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(-d-gluco-4-ene-pyranosyluronic acid)-6-O-sulfo-d-galactose
- Gdn-HCl
guanidine hydrochloride
- WGA
wheat germ agglutinin 相似文献
10.
D. J. W. Moriarty 《Archives of microbiology》1979,120(3):191-193
Muramic acid has been detected in Prochloron with the aid of two different techniques. It was assayed by cleaving D-lactate from muramic acid and then reducing NAD with D-lactate dehydrogenase and measuring the NADH with bacterial luciferase. Gas-liquid chromatography of trimethylsilyl derivatives of cell extracts confirmed that muramic acid was present in about the quantity given by the D-lactate assay. The amount of muramic acid present was 1.7±0.2 g/mg dry weight or 1.3fg/m2 of cell surface. This suggests that the thickness of the peptidoglycan layer in Prochloron is similar to that in blue-green algae.Abbreviations
D-LDH
d-lactate dehydrogenase
- MA
muramic acid
- TMS
trimethylsilyl
- TLE
thin layer electrophoresis
- GLC
gas-liquid chromatography 相似文献
11.
Karin Schubert Dieter Reiml Jean-Pierre Accolas Franz Fiedler 《Archives of microbiology》1993,160(3):222-228
The primary structure of the peptidoglycan and the teichoic acids of two coryneform isolates from the surface flora of French cooked cheeses, CNRZ 925 and CNRZ 926, have been determined. In the peptidoglycan, meso-diaminopimelic acid was localized in position three of the peptide subunit. It contained an d-glutamyl-d-aspartyl interpeptide bridge, connecting meso-diaminopimelic acid and d-alanine residues of adjacent peptide subunits. The -carboxyl group of d-glutamic acid in position two of peptide subunits was substituted with glycine amide. The teichoic acid pattern and composition differed between the strains: both contained an erythritol teichoic acid and strain CNRZ 925 also contained an N-acetylglucosaminylphosphate polymer. The erythritol teichoic acids differed in terms of the quality and quantity of substituents, but they both had N,N-diacetyl-2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxyglucuronic acid in common.Abbreviations DNP
dinitrophenyl
- Ery
erythritol
- Gal
galactose
- GlcN
glucosamine
- GlcNAc
N-acetylglucosamine
- GlcUANAc2
N,N-diacetyl-2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxyglucuronic acid
- Hex UANAc2
N,N-diacetyl-2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxyhexuronic
- acid
m-Dpm, meso-diaminopimelic acid
- Mur
muramic acid
- MurNAc
N-acetylmuramic acid 相似文献
12.
Gabriele D'andrea Jan B Bouwstra Johannis P Kamerling Johannes F G Vliegenthart 《Glycoconjugate journal》1988,5(2):151-157
Ascorbic acid oxidase (E.C.1.10.3.3) from the green zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo medullosa) is a copper-containing glycoprotein which catalyzes the reaction:l-ascorbic acid +1/2 O2l-dehydroascorbic acid + H2O. The carbohydrate content of the purified plant glycoprotein amounted to 3% (w/w), and monosaccharide analysis revealed the carbohydrate moiety to be of theN-glycosidic type. The carbohydrate chains were released from the apoenzyme by digestion with PNGase-F immobilized on Sepharose 4B. After fractionation on Bio-Gel P-2 and purification on Mono-Q, the neutral oligosaccharide was investigated by 500-MHz1H-NMR spectroscopy. The primary structure of theN-linked carbohydrate chain was established to be:
Abbreviations AAO
ascorbic acid oxidase
- PNGase-F
peptide-N
4-(N-acetyl--glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase-F
- GalNAc
N-acetylgalactosamine
- GlcNAc
N-acetylglucosamine
- Man
mannose
- Xyl
xylose
- GLC
gas-liquid chromatography
- FPLC
fast protein liquid chromatography
- NMR
nuclear magnetic resonance
- SDS-PAGE
sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 相似文献
13.
Characterization of the lipopolysaccharides from eight strains of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
W. Schmidt G. Drews J. Weckesser I. Fromme D. Borowiak 《Archives of microbiology》1980,127(3):209-215
Lipopolysaccharides have been isolated from eight strains of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus. Fucose, mannose, galactose, glucose and glucosamine were found in all of the lipopolysaccharides investigated. Additionally, strain-specific sugars are present and permit the chemotyping of lipopolysaccharide. Chemotype I, comprising three strains with a high G+C content of DNA (71-66 mol%), is characterized by a high rhamnose portion and by 3,6-dideoxy-d-arabino-hexose (tyvelose). Chemotype III, represented by three strains with a low G+C content of DNA (55-48 mol%), contains a mannose-polymer with small amounts of 3-O-methyl-mannose, 4-O-methyl-mannose, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate and mannosamine. Lipopolysaccharides of the two strains of chemotype II contain 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-arabinose.Lipid A is difficult to split off from the polysaccharide moiety, but is present in all lipopolysaccharides from the Synechococcus strains. The presence of Lipid A is supported by the finding of -hydroxy fatty acids, predominantly -hydroxypalmitic acid. The distribution of branched -hydroxy fatty acids, detected in small amounts, parallels chemotyping of lipopolysaccharide based on the sugar composition. The phosphorus content of the lipopolysaccharides is low.The pyrogenicity of lipopolysaccharides from two strains is low. Synechococcus lipopolysaccharides have little reactivity in antisera raised in rabbits against homologous cells. As far as tested they do not migrate in immunoelectrophoresis. This confirms the neutral character or low negative charge of Synechococcus lipopolysaccharides.Dedicated to Professor Otto Kandler on occasion of his 60th birthday 相似文献
14.
Lars-Åke Fransson Birgitta Havsmark Katsukiyo Sakurai Sakaru Suzuki 《Glycoconjugate journal》1992,9(1):45-55
To generate xyloside-primed dermatan sulfate suitable for sequence analysis, skin fibroblasts were incubated withp-hydroxyphenyl--d-xylopyranoside and [3H]galactose, and free [3H]glycosaminoglycan chains were isolated from the culture medium by ion exchange and gel chromatography. After125I labelling of their reducing-terminal hydroxyphenyl groups, chains were subjected to various chemical and enzymatic degradations, both partial and complete, followed by gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiographic identification of fragments extending from the labelled reducing-end to the point of cleavage. Results of periodate oxidation-alkaline scission indicated that the xylose moiety remained unsubstituted at C-2/C-3; exhaustive treatment with chondroitin AC-I lyase afforded the fragment HexA-Gal-Gal-Xyl-R (R = radio-iodinated hydroxyphenyl group), and complete degradations with chondroitin ABC lyase as well as testicular hyaluronidase yielded the fragments HexA/HexA-GalNAc-GlcA-Gal-Gal-Xyl-R with or without sulfate on theN-acetylgalactosamine. Partial digestions with testicular hyaluronidase or chondroitin B lyase indicated that glucuronic acid was common in the first three repeats after the linkage region and that iduronic acid could occupy any position thereafter. Hence, there were no indications of a repeated, periodic appearance of the clustered GlcA-GalNAc repeats which was previously observed in proteoglycan derived dermatan sulfate [Fransson L-Å, Havsmark B, Silverberg I (1990)Biochem J
269:381–8], suggesting a role for the protein part in controlling the formation of particular copolymeric features during glycosaminoglycan assembly.Abbreviations GAG
glycosaminoglycans
- CS
chondroitin sulfate
- DS
dermatan sulfate
- Ser
serine
- Xyl
d-xylose
- Gal
d-galactose
- GlcA
d-glucuronic acid
- IdoA
l-iduronic acid
- GalNAc
N-acetyl-d-galactosamine
- GlcNAc
N-acetyl-d-glucosamine
- HexA
4-deoxy-l-threo-hex-4-enopyranosyluronic acid
- HO-Phe
p-hydroxyphenyl group
- HO-Phe-Xyl
p-hydroxyphenyl-O--d-xylopyranoside
- O2N-Phe-Xyl
p-nitrophenyl--d-xylopyranoside
- OSO3
ester sulfate
- PAGE
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- HPLC
high performance liquid chromatography
- FPLC
fast performance liquid chromatography
- LC
standard liquid chromatography 相似文献
15.
The lipopolysaccharide of Ectothiorhodospira vacuolata was obtained by the phenol-water procedure. It contained a 3-O-methyl-hexose, glucose, galacturonic and glucuronic acids. The finding of d-glycero-d-mannoheptose and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate (tentatively identified) suggested a core-structure. The lipid fraction of the lipopolysaccharide contained phosphate and both, 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-d-glucose and d-glucosamine. The major fatty acids were amine-bound 3-OH-10:0 and 3-OH-12:0 and esterbound 14:0 and 16:0 Sodium deoxycholate gel-electrophoresis, showing a single band only, indicated R-type character of the lipopolysaccharide of Ectothiorhodospira vacuolata.Abbreviations DOC
sodium deoxycholate
- GC/MS
combined gasliquid chromatography
- PAGE
polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis 相似文献
16.
U. J. Jürgens J. Meißner U. Fischer W. A. König J. Weckesser 《Archives of microbiology》1987,148(1):72-76
L-Ornithine is the only diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of the gliding phototrophic Chloroflexus aurantiacus. The other constituents are L- and D-alanine, D-glutamic acid, N-acetyl-glucosamine and N-acetyl-muramic acid (in part as muramic acid-6-phosphate), all in approximate equimolar ratios to L-ornithine, aside from small amounts of glycine and histidine. Furthermore unlike typical Gram-negative bacteria, protein is not bound to this peptidoglycan. Instead, the rigid layer (sodium dodecyl sulfate insoluble cell wall fraction) contained large amounts of a complex polysaccharide consisting of sugar O-methyl ethers, hexoses and pentoses. Its binding site is presumably muramic acid-6-phosphate of the peptidoglycan.In contrast, in Chlorobium vibrioforme f. thiosulfatophilium, meso-diaminopimelic acid was found as the only diamino acid of this peptidoglycan. As with other Gramnegative bacteria, L- and D-alanine, D-glutamic acid, N-acetyl-glucosamine and N-acetyl-muramic acid (no muramic acid-6-phosphate) were observed in approximate equimolar ratios to meso-diaminopimelic acid, except a lower D-alanine content. The rigid layer of Chlorobium vibrioforme f. thiosulfatophilum contained protein, and there were no indications for a complex polysaccharide comparable to that of Chloroflexus aurantiacus.Abbreviations Ala
alanine
- A2pm
diaminopimelic acid
- GC/MS
combined gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
- GlcNAc
N-acetyl-glucosamine
- Glu
glutamic acid
- Gly
glycine
- HF
hydrofluoric acid
- Lys
lysine
- MurNAc
N-acetyl-muramic acid
- Orn
ornithine
- SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate 相似文献
17.
Microsomal preparations from Englebreth-Holm-Swarm mouse sarcoma were incubated with UDP-N-acetyl[3H] glucosamine and UDP-[14C]glucuronic acid to form proteoglycan containing [3H,14C]glycosaminoglycan with equimolar amounts of [3H]glucosamine and [14C]glucuronic acid. The labelled glycosaminoglycan was totally resistant to degradation by testicular hyaluronidase, but could be degraded readily by a crudeFlavobacter heparinum enzyme preparation which is capable of degrading heparin and heparan sulfate. Chromatography of the [3H,14C]glycosaminoglycan on DEAE-cellulose provided a pattern with three peaks: the first appearing before hyaluronic acid, the second and largest appearing at the site of hyaluronic acid, and a third appearing slightly beyond hyaluronic acid but before a standard of chondroitin sulfate. When 3-phosphoadenosine 5-phosphosulfate was also included in the reaction mixture, a change appeared in the [3H,14C]glycosaminoglycan so that chromatography on DEAE-cellulose presented a pattern with a significant amount of material which cochromatographed in the area where heparan sulfate would be found. There was no material that co-chromatographed with the more highly sulfated substance, heparin. This indicates that the microsomal preparation from the Englebreth-Holm-Swarm sarcoma is capable of producing a heparan sulfate-like molecule and is controlled in its sulfation of precursors so that heparin is not formed. 相似文献
18.
Tomoyuki Okamoto Hiroshi Taguchi Katsumi Nakamura Hiroshi Ikenaga Hiroshi Kuraishi Kazuhide Yamasato 《Archives of microbiology》1993,160(5):333-337
Zymobacter palmae gen. nov., sp. nov. was proposed for a new ethanol-fermenting bacterium that was isolated from palm sap in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. The bacterium is gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, nonspore-forming and peritrichously flagellated. It requires nicotinic acid for growth. It ferments hexoses, -linked di- and tri-saccarides, and sugar alcohols (fructose, galactose, glucose, mannose, maltose, melibiose, saccharose, raffinose, mannitol and sorbitol). Fifteen percent of maltose in broth medium is effectively fermented, whereas glucose with a concentration higher than 10% delayed growth initiation and decreased growth rates. Maltose is fermented to produce ethanol and CO2 with a trace amount of acids. Approximately 2 mol of ethanol are produced from 1 mol moiety of hexose of maltose. The organism possesses ubiquinone-9. The G+C content of the DNA is 55.8+-0.4 mol%. Major cellular fatty acids were palmitic and oleic acids and cyclopropanic acid of C19:0. Characteristic hydroxylated acid was 3-hydroxy dodecanoic acid. The bacterium is distinct from other ethanol-fermenting bacteria belonging to the genera Zymomonas Kluyver and van Niel 1936 and Saccharobacter Yaping et al. 1990 with respect to chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic characters to warrant to compose a new genus and a new species. The type strain is strain T109 (= IAM 14233).Abbreviation IAM
IAM Culture Collection, Institute of Applied Microbiology. The University of Tokyo 相似文献
19.
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were extracted by hot phenol-water from five strains each of Azospirillum lipoferum and Azospirillum brasilense. Rhamnose, glucose, glucosamine and 3-deoxy-d-mannooctulosonic acid were comon sugar constituents of all LPS preparations. 2-O-Mefucose, 3-O-Me-fucose, 3-O-Me-rhamnose and 2-O-Megalactose were found in LPSs of some A. brasilense strains. Fatty acid spectra from all LPSs studied were almost identical with predominance of 3-hydroxymyristic and 3-hydroxypalmitic acids. 3-Hydroxypalmitic acid was the only amide-linked fatty acid. Lipopolysaccharides isolated from A. brasilense showed higher heterogeneity in sugar composition than those from A. lipoferum.Abbreviations glc
gas liquid chromatography
- ms
mass spectrometry
- LPS
lipopolysaccharide
- dOclA
3-deoxy-d-mannooctulosonic acid
- 3-OH-16:0
3-hydroxypalmitic acid
- nir-
nitrite reductase negative
- nir+
nitrite reductase positive 相似文献
20.
The chemical constitutional analysis of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from Providencia rettgeri was carried out. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using sodium dodecylsulfate or sodium deoxycholate showed that the lipopolysaccharide mostly consisted of short sugar chains. The lipid A was precipitated out after mild acid hydrolysis of LPS. From the supernatant degraded polysaccharide and unsubstituted core fractions were isolated. Compositional analysis of the core material revealed the presence of galacturonic acid, galactose, glucose, glucosamine, l-glycero-d-manno-heptose, 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid, alanine and phosphorus. Methylation analysis of the core material indicated the presence of terminal units of glucose, galacturonic acid and glucosamine. The chemical structure of the lipid A was elucidated. It constitutes a -1,6-glucosamine disaccharide substituted on either side by ester and glycosidically-bond phosphate residues. The ester-bound phosphate was found to be substituted by a 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinosyl residue. The amino groups of the backbone disaccharide are N-acylated by 3-O-(14:0)14:0 and 3-O-14:0.Two hydroxyl groups of the disaccharide are esterified by 3-O-(14:0)14:0 and 3-O-14:0. The taxonomical importance of these structural details will be discussed.Abbreviations LPS
lipopolysaccharide
-
l-d-heptose
l-glycero-d-manno-heptose
- dOclA
3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid
- DOC
sodium deoxycholate
- PAGE
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- PS
degraded polysaccharide
- glc-ms
combined gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 相似文献