Association between the risk of coronary artery disease in South Asians and a deletion polymorphism in glutathione S-transferase M1.

South Asians living in Western societies show a greater risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) than the indigenous Caucasian population, probably related to the change to a Westernised lifestyle and an associated genetic susceptibility. Modulation of DNA damage and mutation caused by polymorphisms in detoxification enzymes, including the glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), is a well-established risk factor for tobacco-related carcinogenesis, and a similar change in cellular damage may be involved in the risk of vascular disease associated with tobacco smoking. In this study we examined whether polymorphisms in GST genes influence the risk of CAD in a case-control group of South Asians, following our recent observation of such an association in Caucasians from the same region of the UK. Blood was obtained from 170 patients of South Asian origin admitted for angiographic investigation of chest pain and from 203 controls. Patients were subdivided into those with and without previous acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and DNA was analysed for deletions in the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes. An association was found between the prevalence of the GSTM1 null genotype and the risk of developing CAD in this study population. The frequency of the null genotype was 52.7% in healthy controls and 41.2% in patients (odds ratio [OR] 0.63, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.42-0.95, p = 0.029). The effect was similar in subjects with or without a prior history of AMI. The association was also independent of smoking history, with both non-smokers and smokers showing a similar pattern of genotype distribution, the frequency of the null genotype being 51.2% in controls versus 37.0% in patients in 'never' smokers (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.33-0.94, p = 0.037) and 60.0% in controls versus 46.2% in patients in 'ever' smokers (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.25-1.28, p = 0.223). The association remained after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index and the presence or absence of stenosis. No significant associations were observed between the GSTT1 genotype and cardiovascular disease (chi(2) test, p > 0.1). The results of this study indicate that the GSTM1 null genotype is protective against both CAD and AMI. However, further study is required in order to elucidate the, as yet unexplained, mechanisms underlying this association.     

Conditions mimicking acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in patients referred for primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Background/Objectives. A rapid diagnosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is mandatory for optimal treatment. However, a small proportion of patients with suspected STEMI suffer from other conditions. Although case reports have described these conditions, a contemporary systematic analysis is lacking. We report the incidence, clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with suspected STEMI referred for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with a final diagnosis other than STEMI. Methods. From January 2004 to July 2005, 820 consecutive patients were included with suspected STEMI who were referred for primary PCI to a university medical centre, based on a predefined protocol. Clinical characteristics, final diagnosis and outcome were obtained from patient charts and databases. Results. In 19 patients (2.3%), a final diagnosis other than myocardial infarction was established: coronary aneurysm (n=1), (myo)pericarditis (n=5), cardiomyopathy (n=2), Brugada syndrome (n=1), aortic stenosis (n=1), aortic dissection (n=3), subarachnoidal haemorrhage (n=2), pneumonia (n=1), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n=1), mediastinal tumour (n=1), and peritonitis after recent abdominal surgery (n=1). These patients less often reported previous symptoms of angina (p<0.001), smoking (p<0.05) and a positive family history of cardiovascular diseases (p<0.05) than STEMI patients. Mortality at 30 days was 16%. Conclusion. A 2.3% incidence of conditions mimicking STEMI was found in patients referred for primary PCI. A high clinical suspicion of conditions mimicking STEMI remains necessary. (Neth Heart J 2008;16:325-31.)     

STEMI or non-STEMI: that is the question

Acute coronary syndromes are usually classified on the basis of the presence or absence of ST elevation on the ECG: ST-elevation myocardial infarction or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) need immediate therapy, without unnecessary delay and primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) should preferably be performed within 90 min after first medical contact. However, in AMI patients without ST-segment elevation (pre) hospital triage for immediate transfer to the catheterisation laboratory may be difficult. Moreover, initial diagnosis and risk stratification take place at busy emergency departments and chest pain units with additional risk of ‘PPCI delay’. Optimal timing of angiography and revascularisation remains a challenge. We describe a patient with NSTEMI who was scheduled for early coronary angiography within 24 h but retrospectively should have been sent to the cath lab immediately because he had a significant amount of myocardium at risk, undetected by non-invasive parameters.     

B-type natriuretic peptide predicts new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention

The predictive value of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) with respect to the occurrence of new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether BNP has a predictive value for the occurrence of new-onset AF in patients with STEMI treated by primary PCI. In 180 patients with STEMI treated by primary PCI, BNP concentrations were measured 24h after chest pain onset. The Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis was performed to identify the most useful BNP cut-off level for the prediction of AF. The patients were divided into the two groups according to calculated cut-off level: high BNP group (BNP≥720 pg/mL, n=33) and low BNP group (BNP<720 pg/mL, n=147). The incidence of AF was 5.0%, and occurred more frequently in high BNP group (7/33, 21.2%) than in low BNP group (2/147, 1.4%), (p<0.001). Patients with high BNP were older (p=0.017), had more often anterior wall infarction (p=0.015), higher Killip class on admission (p=0.038), higher peak troponin I (p=0.002), lower left ventricular ejection fraction (p=0.029) than patients with low BNP. After multivariate adjustment, BNP was an independent predictor of AF (OR 3.70, 95% CI 1.40-9.77, p=0.008). BNP independently predicts the occurrence of new-onset AF in STEMI patients treated by primary PCI.     

Association between public media and trends in new acute coronary syndrome presentations during the first COVID‑19 wave in the Netherlands

BackgroundWe aimed to evaluate the association between public media and trends in new presentations of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) during the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) in the Netherlands.MethodsNew ACS presentations per week in 73 hospitals during the first half of 2019 and 2020 were retrieved from the national organisation Dutch Hospital Data and incidence rates were calculated. Stratified analyses were performed by region, type of ACS and patient characteristics.ResultsAfter the first confirmed COVID‑19 case and during lockdown, numbers declined by up to 41% (95% confidence interval (CI): 36–47%) compared to 2019. This reduction was more pronounced for non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) (48%; 95% CI: 39–55%) and unstable angina (UA; 50%; 95% CI: 40–59%) than for STEMI (34%; 95% CI: 23–43%). There was no association between ACS and COVID‑19 incidence rate per region. After the steep decline, a public campaign encouraged patients not to postpone hospital visits. Numbers then increased, without a rebound effect. Trends were similar irrespective of sex, age or socio-economic status. During the outbreak, compared to coronary artery bypass graft procedures, relatively more (acute) percutaneous coronary interventions for NSTEMI and UA were performed.ConclusionNew ACS presentations decreased by up to 41%. Lockdown measures and public campaigns, rather than COVID‑19 incidence, were associated with significant changes in new ACS presentations. Even though causality cannot be established, this emphasises the role of the public media and healthcare organisations in informing patients to prevent underdiagnoses of ACS and associated health damage.Supplementary InformationThe online version of this article (10.1007/s12471-021-01603-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Circadian and seasonal variations in patients with acute STEMI: A retrospective,single PPCI center study

ABSTRACT

This was a retrospective observational analysis of all (n = 876) ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) at University Hospital Limerick (UHL) from 2012 to 2016 to determine whether chronological patterns existed in incidence and mortality at our center. Data were obtained from the electronic Cardiology STEMI database in UHL. Statistical analysis was performed using the Independent Samples t Test, ANOVA and Pearson’s Chi-Squared test. The rate of STEMI from 0800 and 2259 hours (46.9/hr) was greater than 2300 to 0759 hours (19.1/hr) (p < 0.001). No association was found between 30-day mortality and weekend/weekdays presentation (p = 0.81) or off/in hour presentation (p = 0.86). No seasonal variation was found in STEMI incidence at our center using international (p = 0.29) or Celtic (p = 0.82) seasonal calendars. 30-Day mortality is equivalent whether STEMI patients treated with PPCI present during “normal working hours” or during the “out of hours”/weekend period at our center. The majority of STEMIs occur during the hours 0800 to 2259, but no further chronological relationship was observed in incidence.     

MHR、血清ESM-1、sST2与急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者直接PCI术中慢血流/无复流的关系及对近期预后的预测价值

摘要 目的：探讨单核细胞与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值（MHR）、血清内皮细胞特异性分子-1（ESM-1）、可溶性致癌抑制因子2（sST2）与急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PPCI）术中慢血流/无复流（SRF/NRF）的关系及对其近期预后的预测价值。方法：选取2019年1月～2022年4月首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院心内科收治的187例接受PPCI术的急性STEMI患者为急性STEMI组,根据PPCI术中心肌梗死溶栓治疗（TIMI）血流分级分为SRF/NRF组47例和无SRF/NRF组140例,随访6个月,根据是否发生主要不良心血管事件分为预后不良组和预后良好组,另选取同期56名体检健康志愿者为对照组。收集急性STEMI患者临床资料,计算MHR并检测血清ESM-1、sST2水平。采用Spearman相关性分析SRF/NRF患者MHR和血清ESM-1、sST2水平与TIMI血流分级的相关性,多因素Logistic回归分析急性STEMI患者PPCI后近期预后不良的影响因素,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析MHR和血清ESM-1、sST2水平对急性STEMI患者PPCI后近期预后不良的预测价值。结果：急性STEMI组MHR和血清ESM-1、sST2水平高于对照组（P＜0.05）。SRF/NRF组MHR和血清ESM-1、sST2水平高于无SRF/NRF组（P＜0.05）。SRF/NRF患者MHR和血清ESM-1、sST2水平与TIMI血流分级呈负相关（P＜0.05）。左心室射血分数升高为急性STEMI患者PPCI后近期预后不良的独立保护因素,年龄增加、SRF/NRF和MHR、ESM-1、sST2升高则为独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,MHR和血清ESM-1、sST2水平联合预测急性STEMI患者PPCI后近期预后不良的曲线下面积（AUC）大于MHR、ESM-1、sST2单独预测。结论：急性STEMI患者MHR和血清ESM-1、sST2水平升高与PPCI术中SRF/NRF和近期预后不良密切相关,三者联合预测急性STEMI患者近期预后不良的价值较高。     

Long-term ischaemic and bleeding outcomes after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction in the elderly

Background

The population is ageing rapidly and the proportion of patients aged ≥ 80 years undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is rising, but clinical trials have primarily been performed in younger patients.

Methods

Patients undergoing primary PCI between 2003 and 2008 were subdivided into 3 groups: < 60, 60-79, and ≥ 80 years. Endpoints at 3-year follow-up included all-cause mortality, recurrent myocardial infarction (reMI), stent thrombosis, target lesion revascularisation (TLR), bleeding (BARC bleeding ≥ 3), stroke, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, a composite of cardiac mortality, reMI, stroke and TLR).

Results

2002 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) were included, 885 (44.2 %) aged < 60, 921 (46.0 %) 60–79, and 196 (9.7 %) ≥ 80 years. Comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, prior stroke, malignant disease, anaemia, and chronic kidney disease were more prevalent in patients ≥ 80 years. The incidence of both ischaemic and bleeding events strongly increased with age. Age ≥ 80 years was an independent predictor of mortality (HR 2.56, 95 % CI1.69–3.87, p < 0.001), a borderline non-significant predictor of overall bleeding (HR 1.38, 95 %CI 0.95–2.00, p = 0.088), and a significant predictor of non-access site bleeding (HR 2.26, 95 %CI 1.46–3.51, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Patients ≥ 80 years experienced high rates of ischaemic and bleeding complications; especially in this high-risk patient group individualised therapy is needed to optimise clinical outcomes.

Electronic Supplementary Material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12471-015-0733-2 contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Relationship between time of day and periprocedural myocardial infarction after elective angioplasty

Objectives: To test if the time of day significantly influences the occurrence of type 4A myocardial infarction in elective patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Background: Recent studies have suggested an influence of circadian rhythms on myocardial infarction size and mortality among patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. The aim of the study is to investigate whether periprocedural myocardial infarction (PMI) is influenced by the time of day in elective patients undergoing PCI.

Methods: All consecutive patients undergoing elective PCI between 2007 and 2011 at our institutions with known post-interventional troponin were retrospectively included. Patients (n?=?1021) were divided into two groups according to the starting time of the PCI: the morning group (n?=?651) between 07:00 and 11:59, and the afternoon group (n?=?370) between 12:00 and 18:59. Baseline and procedural characteristics as well as clinical outcome defined as the occurrence of PMI were compared between groups. In order to limit selection bias, all analyses were equally performed in 308 pairs using propensity score (PS) matching.

Results: In the overall population, the rate of PMI was statistically lower in the morning group compared to the afternoon group (20% vs. 30%, p?<?0.001). This difference remained statistically significant after PS-matching (21% vs. 29%, p?=?0.03). Multivariate analysis shows that being treated in the afternoon independently increases the risk for PMI with an odds ratio of 2.0 (95%CI: 1.1–3.4; p?=?0.02).

Conclusions: This observational PS-matched study suggests that the timing of an elective PCI influences the rate of PMI.     

ST段抬高性和非ST 段抬高性急性心肌梗死患者的冠状动脉病变特点比较

目的:比较ST段抬高性和非ST段抬高性急性心肌梗死患者的冠状动脉病变特点。方法:选取100例在我院接受24h动态心电图和冠状动脉造影检查的急性心肌梗死患者,根据心电图结果分为观察组和对照组各50例。对照组为ST段抬高性心肌梗死(STEMI)患者,观察组为非ST段抬高性心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者,比较两组患者冠状动脉病变的差异。结果:对照组LAD(左前降支)闭塞血管比例(52.00%)显著高于观察组(18.00%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组LCX(回旋支)闭塞血管比例(8.00%)显著低于观察组(50.00%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组RCA(右冠脉主干)闭塞血管比例(40.00%)和观察组(30.00%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组单支病变比例(46.00%)明显高于观察组(12.00%),对照组三支病变比例(20.00%)明显低于观察组(48.00%)比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组二支及正常血管比例与观察组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组罪犯血管狭窄程度在76%-90%、91%-99%及完全闭塞的比例与观察组比较差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。罪犯血管狭窄程度在50%及50%-75%时,两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组并发症发生情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:1NSTEMI罪犯血管闭塞以LCX多见,STEMI罪犯血管闭塞以LAD多见;2NSTEMI以三支血管病变较多见,STEMI以单支病变较多见。     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者血清NT-proBNP、P-selectin联合IMA预测PCI术后心电图ST段回落的临床价值研究

摘要 目的：探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（ASTEMI）患者血清N末端B型利钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）、P-选择素（P-selectin）联合缺血修饰白蛋白（IMA）预测经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术后心电图ST段回落（STR）不良的临床价值。方法：选取2020年1月～2022年7月南京医科大学第二附属医院急诊科收治的100例ASTEMI患者,根据PCI术后心电图STR分为STR不良组和STR良好组,另选取同期50名体检健康志愿者为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清NT-proBNP、P-selectin和IMA水平。采用多因素Logistic回归分析ASTEMI患者PCI术后心电图STR不良的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清NT-proBNP、P-selectin、IMA水平对ASTEMI患者PCI术后心电图STR不良的预测价值。结果：与对照组比较,ASTEMI组PCI术前血清NT-proBNP、P-selectin和IMA水平升高（P＜0.05）。根据心电图STR将ASTEMI患者分为STR不良组35例和STR良好组65例。STR不良组与STR良好组PCI术后血清NT-proBNP、P-selectin和IMA水平低于PCI术前（P＜0.05）;STR不良组PCI术前和PCI术后血清NT-proBNP、P-selectin和IMA水平高于STR良好组（P＜0.05）。STR不良组Killip分级≥2级比例和肌钙蛋白I高于STR良好组,ST段偏差总和低于STR良好组（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,Killip分级≥2级和NT-proBNP、P-selectin、IMA升高为ASTEMI患者PCI术后心电图STR不良的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,血清NT-proBNP、P-selectin联合IMA预测ASTEMI患者PCI术后心电图STR不良的曲线下面积（AUC）大于NT-proBNP、P-selectin和IMA单独预测。结论：血清NT-proBNP、P-selectin和IMA水平升高与ASTEMI患者PCI术后心电图STR不良独立相关,三者联合预测ASTEMI患者PCI术后心电图STR不良的价值较高。     

血清同型半胱氨酸水平对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死PCI术后患者左心室重构、心肌灌注和预后的影响

摘要 目的：探讨血清同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平与急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）术后左心室重构、心肌灌注以及预后的关系。方法：选择2018年2月至2020年1月我院收治的70例STEMI患者,根据入院时血清Hcy水平分为高水平Hcy组（Hcy＞30 μmol/L,41例）和低水平Hcy组（15≤Hcy≤30 μmol/L,29例）。PCI术后1个月、6个月、12个月检测左室重量指数(LVMI)和左心室射血分数(LVEF),复查冠脉造影,评价TIMI心肌灌注分级（TMPG）。Pearson相关或Spearman秩相关性分析Hcy水平与LVMI、LVEF、TMPG分级相关性。所有患者PCI术后随访12个月,记录患者随访期间全因死亡和主要不良心脏事件（MACE）发生情况。Cox风险比例回归分析PCI术后STEMI患者预后的影响因素。结果：高水平Hcy组PCI术后6、12个月 LVEF低于低水平Hcy组（P＜0.05）,LVMI高于低水平Hcy组（P＜0.05）,高水平Hcy组PCI术后心肌灌注不良发生率高于低水平Hcy组（P＜0.05）。Hcy水平与PCI术后6、12个月 LVEF呈负相关（P＜0.05）,与LVMI呈正相关（P＜0.05）,与PCI术后TMPG分级呈负相关（P＜0.05）。高水平Hcy组随访期间全因死亡和MACE发生率均高于低水平Hcy组（P＜0.05）。Cox风险比例回归分析结果显示Hcy、术前Gensini评分是STEMI患者PCI术后预后不良的影响因素（P＜0.05）。结论：高水平Hcy与STEMI患者PCI术后左心室重构、心肌灌注有关,且Hcy是STEMI患者PCI术后发生全因死亡和MACE的影响因素。     

The role of sphingosine 1 phosphate in coronary artery disease and ischemia reperfusion injury

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Atherosclerotic plaques, as a hallmark of CAD, cause chronic narrowing of coronary arteries over time and could also result in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The standard treatments for ameliorating AMI are reperfusion strategies, which paradoxically result in ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury. Sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P), as a potent lysophospholipid, plays an important role in various organs, including immune and cardiovascular systems. In addition, high-density lipoprotein, as a negative predictor of atherosclerosis and CAD, is a major carrier of S1P in blood circulation. S1P mediates its effects through binding to specific G protein-coupled receptors, and its signaling contributes to a variety of responses, including cardiac inflammation, dysfunction, and I/R injury protection. In this review, we will focus on the role of S1P in CAD and I/R injury as a potential therapeutic target.     

ADRB2 polymorphisms predict the risk of myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease

Recently, the rs1042713 G > A and rs1042714 C > G polymorphisms in the beta-2adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene were shown to be related to atherosclerosisdiseases. Therefore, we performed a systemic meta-analysis to determine whether thetwo functional polymorphisms are related to the risk of myocardial infarction (MI)and coronary artery disease (CAD). We identified published studies that are relevantto our topic of interest. Seven case-control studies, with a total of 6,843 subjects,were incorporated into the current meta-analysis. Our analysis showed a higherfrequency of rs1042713 G > A variant in patients with MI or CAD compared tohealthy controls. A similar result was also obtained with the rs1042714 C > Gvariant under both the allele and dominant models. Ethnicity-stratified subgroupanalysis suggested that the rs1042714 C > G variant correlated with an increasedrisk of the two diseases in both Asians and Caucasians, while rs1042713 G > A onlycontributes to the risk of two diseases in Asians. In the disease type-stratifiedsubgroups, the frequencies of both the rs1042713 G > A and rs1042714 C > Gvariants were higher in the cases than in the controls in both the MI and CADsubgroups. Collectively, our data contribute towards understanding the correlationbetween the rs1042713 G > A and rs1042714 C > G polymorphisms inADRB2 and the susceptibility to MI and CAD.     

Association of glutathione S-transferase P1 gene polymorphism with the risk of small-cell carcinoma of lung cancer

Abstract

The conclusions of the published reports on the relationship between glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) gene polymorphism and the risk of small-cell carcinoma of lung cancer are still debated. GSTP1 is one of the important mutant sites reported at present. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the association between GSTP1 and the risk of small-cell carcinoma of lung cancer. The association investigations were identified from PubMed and Cochrane Library, and eligible studies were included and synthesized using meta-analysis method. Ten reports were included into this meta-analysis for the association of GSTP1 A/G gene polymorphism and small-cell carcinoma of lung cancer. The G allele and GG genotype were not associated with the susceptibility of risk of small-cell carcinoma in overall populations, East-Asians and Turkish population. However, there was an association between GG genotype with the risk of small-cell carcinoma in Caucasians. In conclusion, GG genotype was associated with the risk of small-cell carcinoma in Caucasian patients with lung cancer. However, GSTP1 A/G gene polymorphism is not associated with the susceptibility of small-cell carcinoma in overall populations, East-Asians and Turkish population.     

冠脉内注射替罗非班不同给药方式对急性心肌梗死介入治疗术中血流异常的影响

目的：比较急性心肌梗死介入治疗中冠脉内常规给予以及必要时给予血小板膜糖蛋白（GP）Ⅱb／Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班两种给药方式对冠脉血流异常的影响,寻找较好的替罗非班用药方式。方法：入选九四医院2005年1月至2008年10月急性心肌梗死直接PCI患者58例,随机分成常规给药组（血管开通前所有患者冠状动脉内均注射替罗非班,n=30）与必要时给药组（血管开通后即时造影显示TIMI血流≤2级者冠脉内注射替罗非班,TIMI血流3级者不给药,n=28）,观察支架植入后30分钟TIMI血流、30天内主要不良心血管事件（MACE）、出血以及血小板减少情况。结果：必要给药组冠脉内给药可显著改善冠脉血流（TIMI3级给药前46．4％,给药后75％,P〈0．05）,常规给药组支架植入后30分钟TIMI3级获得率高于必要给药组（96．7％比75％,P〈0．05）,MACE、出血和血小板减少事件两组之间差异无统计学意义。结论：冠脉内给予替罗非班可有效降低急性心肌梗死PCI术中血流异常情况,血管开通前冠脉内常规给药方式优于必要时给药方式。     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死介入手术时间窗与血清FGF21水平的相关性

摘要 目的：探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死介入手术时间窗与血清成纤维细胞生长因子21（FGF21）水平的相关性。方法：选择本院2019年1月-2021年1月收治的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者120例作为研究对象,根据随机1：1抽签法把患者分为研究组与对照组各60例。所有患者都给予急诊经皮冠脉介入手术治疗,对照组在发病后7-12 h进行介入治疗,研究组在发病后≤6 h进行介入治疗,检测、记录血清FGF21表达变化情况并进行相关性分析。结果：两组治疗后1周的血清心肌肌钙蛋白T（cTnT）、心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnⅠ）含量低于治疗前,研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗后1周的血清FGF21水平高于治疗前,研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后随访6个月,研究组的心律失常、心力衰竭、心绞痛、心源性休克等不良心血管事件发生率为3.3 %,低于对照组的26.7 %（P<0.05）。在两组120例患者中,发病后≤6 h进行介入治疗为影响患者治疗后血清FGF21水平、近期疗效与随访不良心血管事件的重要因素（P<0.05）。结论：发病后≤6 h介入治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死可促进血清FGF21的释放,提高治疗近期疗效,改善心功能,也可降低远期不良心血管事件的发生,介入手术时间窗与血清FGF21的表达存在相关性。     

Genetic polymorphism of lysyl oxidase,glutathione S-transferase M1, glutathione-S-transferase T1, and glutathione S-transferase P1 genes as risk factors for lung cancer in Egyptian patients

Lung cancer is a lethal malignancy and is affected by genetic polymorphisms that contribute to an individual’s susceptibility to developing the disease. Several studies on lung cancer showed conflicting results. The aim of this study is to investigate whether individual or combined modifying effects of LOX G/A, GSTM1 active/null, GSTT1 active/null and GSTP1 Ile/Val polymorphisms are related to the risk of lung cancer in relation to smoking in the Egyptian population. This study is a hospital-based case control study that included 200 patients and 200 control subjects. Genotyping of the 4 studied genes was determined by Multiplex PCR for GSTM1 and GSTT1 and Taq man SNP assay for GSTP1 and LOX genes. The LOX G/A and GSTP1 Ile/Val in both homozygous and heterozygous variants, and the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype showed significant association with lung cancer. Combination between gene polymorphism and smoking increased the risk of developing cancer by 2.7 fold in the LOX GA+AA variant, 1.9 fold in the GSTM1 null variant, 4.8 fold in the GSTT1 null variant and 4.3 fold in the GSTP1 Ile/Val+Val/Val variant. The genetic combination (LOX GA+AA/GSTT1 active, LOX GG/GSTT1 null, LOX GA+AA/GSTT1 null, LOX GA+AA/GSTP1 Ile/Ile, LOX GG/GSTP1 Ile/Val+Val/Val and LOX GA+AA/GSTP1 Ile/Val+Val/Val) led to a higher lung cancer risk, compared to the reference group. The LOX GA/AA, GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null and GSTP1 Ile/Val, Val/Val genotypes contributed to increased lung cancer susceptibility. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of LOX genotyping in the Egyptian population. The combination of genotypes increased the risk of cancer, indicating the importance of gene–gene interaction and giving a targeted preventive approach.