海南植物增补(Ⅹ)

报道海南岛4种新记录植物,包括广防己Aristolochia fangchi Y.C.Wu ex L.D.Chow et S.M.Hwang、花叶秋海棠Begonia cathayana Hemsl.、细梗香草Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl.和毛萼山珊瑚Galeola lindleyana(Hook.f.etThoms.)Rchb.f.。引用的标本全部存放在中国科学院华南植物园标本馆(IBSC)。     

海南植物增补（X）

报道海南岛4种新记录植物,包括广防己Aristolochia fangchi Y．C．Wu ex L.D．Chow et S．M．Hwang、花叶秋海棠Begonia cathayana Hemsl．、细梗香草Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl．和毛萼山珊瑚Galeola lindleynan （Hook．f.et Thoms．）Rchb．f.。引用的标本全部存放在中国科学院华南植物园标本馆（IBSC）。     

中国地枸叶属小志（大戟科）

本文记载地枸叶属3种,其中云南地枸叶Speranskia yunnanensis S.M.Hwang为新种,将S.pekinensis Pax et Hoffm.归并为S.tuberculata(Bunge)Baill.的异名。     

福建马兜铃属一新种

<正> 福建马兜铃 新种(图) 一条根、小号山东瓜、浦梨(福建宁德) Aristolochia fujianensis S. M. Hwang, sp. nov. Affinis A. contortae Bunge, sed tota planta praeter folium vetustumsupra glabrum pilosa, pilis albis vel brunneolis vestitis.     

中国景天属一些种的订正

本文对国产景天属的6种植物进行了分类订正。归并了7种1亚种和2变种,同时对中国植物志中景天属存疑种Sedum phyllanthum Levl.et Vant.和S.subtile Miq.的范围及其分类地位进行了讨论。根据对S.hsinganicum Chu ex S.H.Fu的模式标本以及S.floriferum Praeger模式标本图和模式产地标本的研究,确认二者所具性状均在S.aizoon L.的性状变异范围内,故予归并。S.onychopetalumFrod.,S.grammophyllum Frod以及S.anhuiense S.H.Fu et X.W.Wang经研究均被作为S.lineareThunb.的异名处理。S.formosanum N.E.Br.在《中国植物志》中被并入S.alfredii Hance,现恢复为独立的种。此外还报道了一个中国新记录种S.hakonense Makino。     

假巴戟名称的合法化以及对糠藤后选模式的指定

假巴戟（Morinda shuanghuaensis C．Y．Chen et M．S．Huang）和糠藤（Morinda howiana S．Y．Hu）为茜草科（Rubiaceae）巴戟天属的两个中国特有种。发表于1976年的假巴戟的名称因原作者指定了两份标本作为模式标本（花模式和果模式）而为不合法名称,本文将其合法化,并根据原始描述将其果模式指定为模式。同样,糠藤也被指定具有两个模式,但是因其发表时间早于1958年1月1日,因此并不违背最新版《国际植物命名法规》（维也纳法规）,但是为了规范植物名称,避免更多的混淆,我们依据其原始描述将其花模式指定为后选模式。     

中国肛脊摇蚊属记述(双翅目,摇蚊科)(英文)

记述中国肛脊摇蚊属5种,包括3新种M.apsensis sp.nov.、M.brevae sp.nov.和M.gracila sp.nov.,中国1新记录种M.acutistyla Sther。编制了中国该属5种雄虫检索表。模式标本保存于南开大学生命科学学院摇蚊学研究室。     

中国11个双子叶植物原白中排印错误之更正

对我国11个双子叶植物（Dicotyledon）原白中模式标本引证的排印错误做了更正：砚山锥栗（壳斗科）原白中错误地将模式标本引证为王启无84116,实际应为王启无84416,前者属于菊科植物Inuna helianthus-aquatica C.Y.Wu ex Ling。长果柯（壳斗科）原白中错误地将模式标本引证为K.M.Feng 13012,实际应为K.M.Feng 13102,前者属于冬青科植物Ilex triflora Bl.。福建红小麻（荨麻科）原白中错误地将主模式标本引证为C.J.Chen&Z.Y.Li 109,实际应为C.J.Chen&Z.Y.Li 103,前者属于荨麻科植物Oreocnide frutescens（Thunb.）Miq.。少毛全缘叶紫麻（荨麻科）原白中错误地将主模式标本引证为N.K.Chun 44099,实际应为N.K.Chun 44033,前者属于杜鹃花科植物Lyonia ovalifolia（Wallich）Drude var.rubrovenia（Merr.）Judd.。甘南铁线莲（毛茛科）原白中错误地将主模式标本引证为Baishuijiang Exped.4490,实际应为Baishuijiang Exped.4990,前者属于卫矛科植物Euonymus alatus（Thunb.）Sieb.。矮粗距翠雀花（毛茛科）原白中错误地将模式标本引证为Sichuan Veg.Exped.3137,实际应为Sichuan Veg.Exped.3173,前者属于龙胆科植物Gentiana conduplicata T.N.Ho。镇康黄芪（豆科）原白中错误地将主模式标本引证为T.T.Yu 17255,实际应为T.T.Yu 17225,前者属于莎草科植物Scirpus lushanensis Ohwi。宽翼棘豆（豆科）原白中错误地将模式标本引证为Qinghai-Xizang Comp.Exped.9484,实际应为Qinghai-Xizang Comp.Exped.9485,前者属于石竹科植物Arenaria kansuensis Maxim.。肾瓣黄芪（豆科）原白中错误地将模式标本引证为Qinghai-Xizang Comp.Exped.3650,实际应为Qinghai-Xizang Comp.Exped.3605,前者属于麻黄科植物Ephedra gerardiana Wall.ex Mey.。湖南长柄槭（槭树科）原白中错误地将模式标本引证为李泽棠2944,实际应为李泽棠2994,前者属于杜鹃花科植物Pieris formosa D.Don。峨眉勾儿茶（鼠李科）原白中错误地将模式标本引证为杨光辉54729,实际应为杨光辉54723,前者属于山茱萸科植物Helwingia chinensis Batalin.。     

安徽细辛属一新种

本文发表了细辛属一新种,即大别山细辛Asarum dabieshanense D.Q.Wang et S.H.Hwang sp.nov.。     

漆斑霉属(丝孢纲):3新种、1新变种暨中国土壤中已知漆斑霉属真菌分种(变种)检索表

报道分离自中国土壤的漆斑霉属Myrothecium的3个新种:杆状漆斑霉M.bacilliforme、二形孢漆斑霉M.biforme、大孢漆斑霉M.macrosporum,和1个新变种:外来漆斑霉土栖变种M.advena var.terricola,对它们作了较详细的形态描述、图解和讨论。文后列出了中国土壤中12个已知漆斑霉分种(变种)检索表。模式种和所有研究过的标本(干制培养物)及活菌种保存在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)。等模式标本(干制培养物)存放在中国科学院菌物标本馆(HMAS)。     

国产西番莲属二种植物的考订

根据对海南、广东、广西、云南、贵州、四川和湖北西番莲属标本的研究,将月叶西番莲归入杯叶西番莲中,乐东西番莲归入尖峰西番莲中。     

A New Species of Asarum from Hong Kong

One new species of the genus Asarum (Aristolochiaceae) is described fr-om Hongkong, i.e. Asarum hongkongense S. M. Hwang et T. P. Wong Siu.     

New Taxa of Saxifragaceae and Rosaceae from the Hengduan Mountains

In the present paper, we new species and two new varieties of Saxifragaceae and Rosaceae are described from the Hengduan Mountains. They are Philadelphus lushui-ensis Ku et S. M. Hwang, Parnassia lanceolata Ku var. oblongipetala Ku, P. nubicola Wall.ex Royle var. nana Ku and Malus muliensis Ku.     

大戟科野桐属4种6个居群的核型研究

采用常规压片法对大戟科野桐属4种(含变种)6个居群进行了体细胞染色体数目和核型研究。研究结果显示其染色体数目为2n=22或2n=44,核型均为1A。核型公式分别为:绒毛野桐2n=4x=44m;白背叶2n=20m 2sm或2n=2x=22m或2n=20m(2sat) 2sm;广西白背叶2n=2x=22m;毛桐2n=2x=22m。其中白背叶[Mallotus apelta(Lour.)Muell.-Arg.]、广西白背叶[M.apelta(Lour.)Muell.-Arg.var.kwangsiensisMetic.]和毛桐[M.barbatus(Wall.)Muell.-Arg.]的染色体数目和核型均为首次报道。根据野桐属细胞分类学资料推测,多倍化和异基数变异是野桐属属内物种形成的重要方式。     

ThermoTRP channels as modular proteins with allosteric gating

Ion channels activate by sensing stimuli such as membrane voltage, ligand binding or temperature and transduce this information into conformational changes that open the channel pore. Thus, a key question in understanding ion channel function is how do the protein domains involved in sensing stimuli (sensors) and opening the pore (gates) communicate. In this regard, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels that confer thermosensation [A. Dhaka, V. Viswanath, A. Patapoutian, TRP ion channels and temperature sensation, Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 29 (2006) 135-161; I.S. Ramsey, M. Delling, D.E. Clapham, An introduction to TRP channels, Annu. Rev. Physiol. 68 (2006) 619-647] (thermoTRP; Q(10)>10) are unique to the extent that they integrate a variety of physical and chemical stimuli. In some cases such as, for example, the vanilloid receptor TRPV1 [M.J. Caterina, M.A. Schumacher, M. Tominaga, T.A. Rosen, J.D. Levine, D. Julius, The capsaicin receptor: a heat-activated ion channel in the pain pathway, Nature 389 (1997) 816-824] and TRPA1 [G.M. Story, A.M. Peier, A.J. Reeve, S.R. Eid, J. Mosbacher, T.R. Hricik, T.J. Earley, A.C. Hergarden, D.A. Andersson, S.W. Hwang, P. McIntyre, T. Jegla, S. Bevan, A. Patapoutian, ANKTM1, a TRP-like channel expressed in nociceptive neurons, is activated by cold temperatures, Cell 112 (2003) 819-829; S. Jordt, D. Julius, Molecular basis for species-specific sensitivity to "hot" chilli peppers, Cell 108 (2002) 421-430] the integration of these stimuli elicit pain [M. Tominaga, M.J. Caterina, A.B. Malmberg, T.A. Rosen, H. Gilbert, K. Skinner, B.E. Raumann, A.I. Basbaum, D. Julius, The cloned capsaicin receptor integrates multiple pain-producing stimuli, Neuron 21 (1998) 531-543; M. Bandell, A. Dubin, M. Petrus, A. Orth, J. Mathur, S. Hwang, A. Patapoutian, High-throughput random mutagenesis screen reveals TRPM8 residues specifically required for activation by menthol, Nat. Neurosci. 9 (2006) 466-468; S. Zurborg, B. Yurgionas, JA. Jira, O. Caspani, P.A. Heppenstall, Direct activation of the ion channel TRPA1 by Ca(2+), Nat. Neurosci. 10 (2007) 277-279]. These stimuli include voltage, pH, agonist binding, and temperature. Understanding how each of these distinct physiological signals regulate channel opening will be informative about the mechanical linkages that can act either independently or in concert to influence channel activation. In this paper we show that thermoTRP channel-forming proteins are modular in the sense that certain structure or structures (modules) confer temperature-dependent regulation, whereas others confer voltage-dependent regulation. We also discuss the thermodynamic basis of heat and cold activation in an effort to elucidate what confer to these channels the capability to be gated by temperature directly.     

IciA protein, a specific inhibitor of initiation of Escherichia coli chromosomal replication.

Specific binding of IciA protein to the 13-mers in the origin of a minichromosome (oriC) inhibits initiation of replication in vitro by blocking the opening of this region effected by the initiator DnaA protein (Hwang, D.S., and Kornberg, A. (1990) Cell 63, 325-331). Isolation of the iciA gene (Th?ny, B., Hwang, D.S., Fradkin, L., and Kornberg, A. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88, 4066-4070) has made possible the construction of an IciA-overproducing strain, which in turn has simplified the isolation of a large quantity of the protein, indistinguishable from that of the wild-type strain. Based on sedimentation and gel filtration, the IciA protein is an elongated dimer of a 33.4-kDa subunit. The specific binding of IciA protein to the 13-mers was stable for 2 h at 30 degrees C. The amounts of IciA protein, detected by immunoassays, increased 4-fold compared with levels (about 100 dimers) in log-phase cells whereas levels of DnaA protein decreased upon entry of cells into the stationary phase.     

1Hepatitis C virus NS5A protein modulates c-Jun N-terminal kinase through interaction with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2

The nonstructural 5A (NS5A) protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a phosphoprotein possessing various functions. We have previously reported that the HCV NS5A protein interacts with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor (TRAF) domain of TRAF2 (Park, K.-J., Choi, S.-H., Lee, S. Y., Hwang, S. B., and Lai, M. M. C. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 13122-13128). Both TNF-alpha- and TRAF2-mediated nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activations were inhibited by NS5A-TRAF2 interaction. Because TRAF2 is required for the activation of both NF-kappaB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), we investigated HCV NS5A protein for its potential capacity to modulate TRAF2-mediated JNK activity. Using in vitro kinase assay, we have found that NS5A protein synergistically activated both TNF-alpha- and TRAF2-mediated JNK in human embryonic kidney 293T cells. Furthermore, synergism of NS5A-mediated JNK activation was inhibited by dominant-negative form of MEK kinase 1. Our in vivo binding data show that NS5A does not inhibit interaction between TNF receptor-associated death domain and TRAF2 protein, indicating that NS5A and TRAF2 may form a ternary complex with TNF receptor-associated death domain. These results indicate that HCV NS5A protein modulates TNF signaling of the host cells and may play a role in HCV pathogenesis.