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1.
E. D. Bazhanova A. N. Moskvin G. B. Belostotskaya A. G. Taranukhin D. L. Teplyi 《Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology》2004,40(1):85-91
Response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system (HPAS) of aged (15 month-old) and young (2 month-old) mice to oxidative stress has been studied. The objects of the study were magnocellular neurosecretory centers (NSC) of hypothalamus, the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei, as well as the adrenals. We studied distribution of neurosecretory cells (NSC) that synthesize protein c-fos participating in the initial stage of apoptosis. Besides, the number of cells submitted to apoptosis was determined using luminescent microscopy. The obtained results showed that the activity of NSC and the number of apoptotic cells in the SON of young and aged mice did not changes at hyperoxia. Thus, the oxidative stress does not seem to be specific of this nucleus. However, oxygen increased the number of c-fos-immunoreactive NSC in the PVN of animals of both ages. The obtained data indicate that oxygen can cause development of apoptosis of the NSC and that protein c-fos is synthesized at one of the initial stages of this process. 相似文献
2.
In Vivo Antiviral Properties of Biologically Active Compounds: II. Studies with Influenza and Vaccinia Viruses 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
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Robert W. Sidwell Glen J. Dixon Sara M. Sellers Frank M. Schabel Jr. 《Applied microbiology》1968,16(2):370-392
The in vivo anti-influenza virus and antivaccinia virus activity of 156 biologically active compounds was determined. One of two criteria was used for evaluating activity against the influenza virus. The criteria were increase in survivor number and mean survival time, and reduction in virus-induced lung consolidation in treated, infected Swiss mice. Increase in survivor number and mean survival time were the criteria for evaluation of antivaccinia virus activity. Several drug doses were tested against two virus concentrations to demonstrate antiviral activity more clearly. Two compounds were considered significantly active against the influenza virus: DL-noformicin (NSC 72942) and amantadine hydrochloride (NSC 83653). Eleven compounds had reproducible activity against vaccinia virus: isatin-beta-thiosemicarbazone (NSC 721), 6-azauracil (NSC 3425), 9-alpha-fluoro-2alpha-methylhydrocortisone 21-acetate (NSC 12601), 5-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]uracil (NSC 34462), 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (NSC 39661), streptonigrin (NSC 45383), N-methylisatin beta-thiosemicarbazone (NSC 69811), cytovirin (NSC 91770), 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (NSC 404241), and 5-(mercaptomethyl)uracil (NSC 529351). 相似文献
3.
人神经干细胞的体外生物学特性 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本实验利用有丝分裂因子,体外诱导生成人神 经干细胞(NSCs),观察其生长特性并进行鉴定。取胎龄10-22周的大脑半球,分散细胞后种于添加表皮生长因子(EGF,20ng/ml)和/或碱性成纤维生长因子(bFGF,20ng/ml)的培养基中。利用免疫组织化学方法鉴定分化后的细胞类型。同时,进行细胞克隆分析、传代培养及端粒酶活性检测。结果显示:NSCs呈悬浮生长的干细胞球,其特异性抗原nestin阳性。NSCs具有增殖能力,可连续传代而不丢失其增殖和多分化潜能的干细胞特性。撤除EGF和bFGF的作用,细胞停止分裂,并分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞。克隆分析显示NSCs生长呈密度依赖性。人NSCs表达较低的端粒酶水平,并随培养时间延长而下调。研究表明,利用有丝分裂因子,可在体外成功诱导生成人NSCs,其生长,分化受内外源因素的调节,相关的机制还有待阐明。 相似文献
4.
E. G. Vladimirova E. V. Chernigovskaya O. A. Danilova 《Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology》2006,42(2):208-216
Hypothalamo-pituitary neurosecretory system (HPNS) of the Northern redbacked vole, Clethrionomys rutilus was studied at different stages of the population cycle using paraldehyde-fuchsin staining and immunohistochemical revealing of vasopressin and oxytocin. We found at the stages of high voles number (peak and recession), an increase of vasopressin synthesis in the neurosecretory cells (NSC) of paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei, as well as its active transport and release to the portal capillaries of the outer zone of median eminence (ME). At the stages of low voles number (depression and growth) was demonstrated that level of oxytocin synthesis in the NSC of SON was high and moderate in the NSC of PVN, which was accompanied by an extensive release of oxytocin to capillaries of the posterior pituitary (PP). Increased supply of vasopressin to portal blood flow of the vole pituitary in conditions of overpopulation is suggested to have highly stimulating influence on adrenocorticotropic function of pituitary, which negatively affects the reproductive function of the voles and leads to a decrease of their number. At the stages of low number of population in conditions favoring the life of the voles, the increased supply of oxytocin to the systemic blood flow stimulates the reproductive behavior of the voles, which results in rise of their population during this period. 相似文献
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稻鸭、稻鱼共作生态系统土壤可溶性有机N的动态和损失 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过田间试验研究了稻鸭、稻鱼共作生态系统土壤可溶性有机N(SON)的动态和损失,及其与土壤微生物量N和水稻吸N量的相关性.结果表明,(1)土壤SON是稻田土壤主要的可溶性N,其中处理CK,RD和RF土壤SON库分别为121.16, 109 30 和113.71 kg/hm2,高于土壤无机N库.(2)土壤SON与土壤可溶性无机N显著正相关(p<0.01);在水稻生育期间,土壤SON含量随水稻的生长而逐渐降低;同时由于鸭和鱼的存在,处理RD和RF土壤SON含量显著低于处理CK;土壤SON与水稻累积吸N量呈显著负相关(p<0.01),表明水稻生长强烈影响着土壤SON.(3)在水稻生长前期,渗漏水各形态N含量最大;溶解性有机N(DON)是稻田渗漏水N素的主要形态;同时,统计分析显示,相对于处理CK,RF土壤SON的下渗淋失量显著降低,RD土壤SON的下渗淋失量则略为降低.(4)水稻生育期间,土壤微生物量N不断地变化着,此外,由于鸭和鱼的存在,相对与处理CK,处理RD和RF土壤显著的提高了土壤MBN.同时,由于水稻吸收和N的淋失,土壤微生物量N与土壤SON不相关.总之,在水稻生长期间,土壤可溶性有机N受水稻吸N、微生物吸N与分解和N淋失的共同作用. 相似文献
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Non-structural carbohydrate pools in a tropical forest 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
The pool size of mobile, i.e. non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in trees reflects the balance between net photosynthetic carbon uptake (source) and irreversible investments in structures or loss of carbon (sink). The seasonal variation of NSC concentration should reflect the sink/source relationship, provided all tissues from root to crown tops are considered. Using the Smithsonian canopy crane in Panama we studied NSC concentrations in a semi-deciduous tropical forest over 22 months. In the 9 most intensively studied species (out of the 17 investigated), we found higher NSC concentrations (starch, glucose, fructose, sucrose) across all species and organs in the dry season than in the wet season (NSC 7.2% vs 5.8% of dry matter in leaves, 8.8/6.0 in branches, 9.7/8.5 in stems, 8.3/6.4 in coarse and 3.9/2.2 in fine roots). Since this increase was due to starch only, we attribute this to drought-constrained growth (photosynthesis less affected by drought than sink activity). Species-specific phenological rhythms (leafing or fruiting) did not overturn these seasonal trends. Most of the stem volume (diameter at breast height around 40 cm) stores NSC. We present the first whole forest estimate of NSC pool size, assuming a 200 t ha–1 forest biomass: 8% of this i.e. ca. 16 t ha–1 is NSC, with ca. 13 t ha–1 in stems and branches, ca. 0.5 and 2.8 t ha–1 in leaves and roots. Starch alone (ca. 10.5 t ha–1) accounts for far more C than would be needed to replace the total leaf canopy without additional photosynthesis. NSC never passed through a period of significant depletion. Leaf flushing did not draw heavily upon NSC pools. Overall, the data imply a high carbon supply status of this forest and that growth during the dry season is not carbon limited. Rather, water shortage seems to limit carbon investment (new tissue formation) directly, leaving little leeway for a direct CO2 fertilization effects. 相似文献
8.
Strobl JS Seibert CW Li Y Nagarkatti R Mitchell SM Rosypal AC Rathore D Lindsay DS 《The Journal of parasitology》2009,95(1):215-223
We searched the National Cancer Institute (NCI) compound library for structures related to the antitumor quinoline NSC3852 (5-nitroso-8-quinolinol) and used a computer algorithm to predict the antiprotozoan activity for each of 13 structures. Half of these compounds inhibited Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite propagation in human fibroblasts at =1 muM. The active compounds comprise a series of low-molecular-weight quinolines bearing nitrogen substituents in the ring-5 position. NSC3852 (EC(50) 80 nM) and NSC74949 (EC(50) 646 nM) were the most potent. NSC3852 also inhibited Plasmodium falciparum growth in human red blood cells (EC(50) 1.3 muM). To investigate the mechanism for NSC3852's anti-T. gondii activity, we used chemiluminescence assays to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in freshly isolated tachyzoites and in infected host cells; the absence of ROS generation by NSC3852 in these assays indicated NSC3852 does not redox cycle in T. gondii. Inhibitors of enzyme sources of free radicals such as superoxide anion, nitric oxide (NO), and their reaction product peroxynitrite did not interfere with the anti-T. gondii activity of NSC3852. However, inhibition of T. gondii tachyzoite propagation by NSC3852 involved redox reactions because tachyzoites were protected from NSC3852 by inclusion of the cell permeant superoxide dismutase mimetic, MnTMPyP, or N-acetylcysteine in the culture medium. We conclude that the Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances (PASS) computer program is useful in finding new compounds that inhibit T. gondii tachyzoites in vitro and that NSC3852 is a potent T. gondii inhibitor that acts by indirect generation of oxidative stress in T. gondii. 相似文献
9.
木本植物非结构性碳水化合物变化及其影响因子研究进展 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)是植物新陈代谢过程中重要的供能物质,NSC库的动态变化不仅反映了植物体内的碳收支状况,还影响着植物的生理代谢活动.为了预测树木甚至整个森林生态系统对未来气候变化的响应和适应能力,本文综述了树木NSC研究的最新进展,重点介绍了NSC库的季节和区域性变化,分析总结了影响树木NSC含量和分配格局变化的主要环境因素.最后还对未来气候变化背景下树木NSC库可能的响应策略和适应状况进行了讨论,展望了未来树木NSC领域的研究方向. 相似文献
10.
Activity of vasopressin neurons in the human supraoptic nucleus: estrogen inhibitory effect 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Activity of magnocellular vasopressin (VP) neurons in the human hypothalamus is sex- and age-dependent as judged from the size of the Golgi apparatus, neuronal size and VP mRNA levels. These parameters are significantly higher in young (< or = 50 years old) men than in young women and are markedly increased in postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal women. This data suggest an inhibitory effect of estrogens on metabolic activity of VP neurons in the human supraoptic nucleus (2SON), which is likely to be mediated via estrogen receptor (ER) beta. Estrogens were shown to mediate their inhibitory effect via ER beta. It is expressed to a much higher degree in the SON of young women than in other groups, whereas estrogen receptor alpha, that mediates stimulatory effects of estrogens, is present in a small proportion of SON neurons. In addition, estrogens inhibit p75 neurotrophin receptor expression in VP cells. In conclusion, we discuss the inhibitory role of estrogens in functional activity of human VP neurons, which is most probably mediated directly via ER beta and indirectly by p75 neurotrophin receptor. 相似文献
11.
盐碱胁迫是全球范围内重要的非生物胁迫形式之一,但目前对植物水力学特性和碳代谢应对盐碱胁迫响应的研究还不多。本研究以耐盐碱植物枸杞(Lycium chinense Miller)和柽柳(Tamarix chinensis Lour.)为对象,测定不同盐碱程度下两种植物的枝条水势和导水损失率(PLC)、叶片光合作用和气孔导度、不同部位的非结构性碳(NSC)浓度以及植株生长情况。结果显示,重度盐碱胁迫显著降低了两种植物凌晨和正午水势、光合速率和枝条PLC,重度胁迫下柽柳的光合速率、气孔导度和枝条PLC下降程度均大于枸杞,重度盐碱胁迫下枸杞不同部位的NSC浓度均显著降低,但柽柳的地上部分NSC浓度显著增加,根部NSC浓度显著减低。两种植物有不同的应对盐碱胁迫策略,枸杞有较强的气孔调节能力,对水力结构的维持有利,但会限制碳摄取,柽柳气孔调节能力弱,水力结构易受影响,但对碳平衡维持有利。 相似文献
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13.
Bora A Annangudi SP Millet LJ Rubakhin SS Forbes AJ Kelleher NL Gillette MU Sweedler JV 《Journal of proteome research》2008,7(11):4992-5003
The mammalian supraoptic nucleus (SON) is a neuroendocrine center in the brain regulating a variety of physiological functions. Within the SON, peptidergic magnocellular neurons that project to the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) are involved in controlling osmotic balance, lactation, and parturition, partly through secretion of signaling peptides such as oxytocin and vasopressin into the blood. An improved understanding of SON activity and function requires identification and characterization of the peptides used by the SON. Here, small-volume sample preparation approaches are optimized for neuropeptidomic studies of isolated SON samples ranging from entire nuclei down to single magnocellular neurons. Unlike most previous mammalian peptidome studies, tissues are not immediately heated or microwaved. SON samples are obtained from ex vivo brain slice preparations via tissue punch and the samples processed through sequential steps of peptide extraction. Analyses of the samples via liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry result in the identification of 85 peptides, including 20 unique peptides from known prohormones. As the sample size is further reduced, the depth of peptide coverage decreases; however, even from individually isolated magnocellular neuroendocrine cells, vasopressin and several other peptides are detected. 相似文献
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为揭示雷竹生理生态对林地覆盖经营的响应与适应机制,测定了不同覆盖经营年限(CK、1、3和6年)雷竹林1~3年生立竹叶片可溶性糖、淀粉、氮(N)和磷(P)含量,分析了覆盖经营对雷竹林叶片非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)与N、P含量及其化学计量关系的影响.结果表明: 覆盖经营1年雷竹林叶片NSC及可溶性糖含量较CK显著升高,N/P显著降低,N限制作用增强;覆盖经营3年雷竹林叶片可溶性糖含量较CK显著降低,淀粉含量显著升高,而NSC含量变化不明显,单位质量N、P的NSC含量最高;覆盖经营6年雷竹林叶片NSC、可溶性糖含量较CK显著降低,淀粉含量和N/P显著升高,P限制作用增强.短期覆盖(≤3年)经营雷竹林叶片NSC含量与N、P含量呈显著正相关,与N/P呈显著负相关;长期覆盖(6年)经营雷竹林叶片淀粉含量与N、P含量呈显著负相关,与N/P呈显著正相关.研究表明,短期覆盖(≤3年)经营雷竹林叶片N/P的降低可促使叶片淀粉分解和可溶性糖积累,明显增强雷竹生长活性,而长期覆盖(6年)经营雷竹林叶片N/P升高则促进叶片淀粉积累,雷竹生长由N限制转变为P限制,立竹生长活性明显降低,引起雷竹林退化.因此建议雷竹林连续覆盖经营不宜超过3年. 相似文献
15.
We constructed and tested a series of regression models of intraspecific competition in Ratibida columnifera (Asteraceae), based on the growth and water use of individual plants. Models were constructed from a set of plants ("model") grown without competition under three watering regimes. Each model was then tested on another set of plants ("test") grown, singly or in pairs, under two watering regimes, one of them different than those of the "model" plants. Both sets of plants were grown simultaneously. Models that used only estimates of plant dry mass (ISON [interval by interval size only], and SON [size only]) were outperformed (i.e., the difference between predicted values of final dry mass and their true values were larger on average) by models that incorporated direct measures of water uptake and usage (ISAW [interval by interval size and water], WON [water only], SAW [size and water]). Harvest biomass predictions given by these three last models deviated from values of true biomass by an average of only 6.1%. 相似文献
16.
环境胁迫对海草非结构性碳水化合物储存和转移的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
非结构性碳水化合物在海草体内的代谢对植株的生长有重要影响。为更好地跟踪非结构性碳水化合物在海草响应环境胁迫中所起的作用,根据国内外最新文献,重点综述了光强、营养盐、盐度、海洋酸化、温度、硫化物和动物摄食等环境胁迫对海草非结构性碳水化合物储存和转移的影响。光限制和富营养化均降低非结构性碳水化合物的合成,并使之从地下根茎转移到叶;而海洋酸化却促进非结构性碳水化合物合成并向地下组织转移;盐度变化改变海草体内渗透压,需要非结构性碳水化合物的新陈代谢来维持;温度通过影响光合作用、呼吸作用、氮代谢来影响非结构性碳水化合物的合成与储存;而硫化物和动物摄食则分别通过抑制海草酶的活性和啃食海草光合组织,减少非结构性碳水化合物的合成和储存。同时指出了一些今后关于海草非结构性碳水化合物的重点研究方向:(1)海草不同生命阶段(种子休眠和萌发,发育,繁殖等)非结构性与结构性碳水化合物之间,以及可溶糖与淀粉之间的转化分配机制;(2)双环境因子或者多环境因子对海草非结构性碳水化合物的耦合作用;(3)非结构性碳水化合物作为海草床生态系统健康评价指标的研究与应用。 相似文献
17.
Variation of mobile carbon reserves in trees at the alpine treeline ecotone is under environmental control 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
? In low temperature-adapted plants, including treeline trees, light-saturated photosynthesis is considerably less sensitive to temperature than growth. As a consequence, all plants tested so far show increased nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) tissue concentrations when exposed to low temperatures. Reduced carbon supply is thus an unlikely cause for low temperature range limits of plants. For altitudinal treeline trees there is, however, a possibility that high NSC genotypes have been selected. ? Here, we explored this possibility using afforestations with single-provenance conifers along elevational gradients in the Southern Chilean Andes and the Swiss Alps. ? Tree growth was measured at each of four approximately equidistant elevations at and below the treeline. Additionally, at the same elevations, needle, branch and stem sapwood tissues were collected to determine NSC concentrations. ? Overall, growth decreased and NSC concentrations increased with elevation. Along with previous empirical and experimental studies, the findings of this study provide no indication of NSC reduction at the treeline; NSC increased in most species (each represented by one common population) towards their upper climatic limit. The disparity between carbon acquisition and structural carbon investment at low temperature (accumulation of NSC) thus does occur even among genotypes not adapted to treeline environments. 相似文献
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J W De Jong 《Archives internationales de physiologie et de biochimie》1977,85(3):557-569
The activity of myocardial adenosine kinase (E.N. 2.7.1.20) in a number of species was assayed. Rat heart contained the highest specific activity. From this source adenosine kinase was purified in a simple way 80-fold, until it was free of adenosine deaminase activity. A molecular weight of about 39 000 was measured. NSC 113939 (1), NSC 113940 and 8-azaadenosine inhibited myocardial adenosine kinase. Dipyridamole stimulated the enzyme at high adenosine levels, and inhibited at low substrate concentrations. A number of divalent cations could (partially) substitute for Mg2+. The optimal concentration of MgCl2 or MnCl2 was about 0.5 mM; concentrations exceeding 1 mM inhibited severely. An apparent Km for ATP of 0.1 mM was measured, whereas an apparent Km for adenosine of 0.5 muM was was found. The latter increased to 3.3 muM, when dipyridamole was added. Replacement of ATP by GTB or ITP increased the activity, and UTP and CTP were inferior as a phosphate donor. 相似文献