关于元谋人化石地质时代的讨论

根据对元谋组(广义)的岩石地层,古生物地层和磁性地层的重新认识,确认由广义的元谋组建立上新统沙沟组、下更新统元谋组(狭义)和中更新统上那蚌组的划分。 元谋人化石产出在上那蚌组,时代为中更新世,处在古地磁极性柱的布容正向期的底部,其时代应不超过73万年,即可能为距今50—60万年。     

关于元谋人的地质时代问题——与刘东生等同志商榷

通过对元谋组进一步研究,同时综合地层、古生物化石、磁性地层、元谋人牙齿化石及新构造运动等方面材料,对元谋组时代进行了探讨,证明元谋组时代为早更新世。 元谋人化石产于元谋组的第四段25层中。地层层次清晰,没有紊乱,磁性地层重新研究得出第四段的磁极性相当松山反向期中的奥都维事件附近,元谋人的年代仍为距今170万年左右,而不是刘东生等认为的50—60万年。     

关于元谋人的地质时代问题——与刘东生等同志商榷

通过对元谋组进一步研究,同时综合地层、古生物化石、磁性地层、元谋人牙齿化石及新构造运动等方面材料,对元谋组时代进行了探讨,证明元谋组时代为早更新世。 元谋人化石产于元谋组的第四段25层中。地层层次清晰,没有紊乱,磁性地层重新研究得出第四段的磁极性相当松山反向期中的奥都维事件附近,元谋人的年代仍为距今170万年左右,而不是刘东生等认为的50—60万年。     

陕西洛南人牙化石及其地质时代

在陕西省洛南县洛河左岸洞穴中,发现一古人类上臼齿,其特点与郧县人牙化石很相似。与人牙化石共存的有大熊猫和獏。后二者比华南洞穴中常见的同类化石明显小,比广西柳城巨猿洞中的小型者要大。从化石特点分析,洛南人牙化石及其所在沉积层的时代为中更新世早期(也有早更新世晚期的可能)。     

安徽巢县发现的人类枕骨化石和哺乳动物化石

1982年在安徽巢县银山发现的化石材料表明,该地点下部堆积的时代为早更新世,上部堆积的时代相当于北京猿人地点的1—4层或稍晚。一块人类枕骨化石出自上部堆积,代表一青年女性个体,很可能是属于早期智人的杭骨。该地点的动物群具有东洋界和古北界的色彩。     

山东沂源猿人化石

本文记述了山东省沂源县骑子鞍山出土的一件人类头盖骨残片和七枚牙齿化石。它们的形态特征与北京猿人相似,在分类系统上应属直立人,与人类化石伴生的哺乳动物群的性质与周口店动物群相同,地质时代为中更新世。     

安徽巢县发现的人类枕骨化石和哺乳动物化石

1982年在安徽巢县银山发现的化石材料表明,该地点下部堆积的时代为早更新世,上部堆积的时代相当于北京猿人地点的1—4层或稍晚。一块人类枕骨化石出自上部堆积,代表一青年女性个体,很可能是属于早期智人的杭骨。该地点的动物群具有东洋界和古北界的色彩。     

南京汤山石人类化石的发现及其意义

简述了南京汤山直立人头骨化石发现的经过j描述了头骨的形态特征;通过对比认为,汤山直立人头骨与北京周口店直立人的相近程度大于其与安徽和县直立人的相近程度;据共生的哺乳动物分析,汤山直立人的地质时代为中更新世晚期.     

Later Middle Pleistocene human remains from the Almonda Karstic system, Torres Novas, Portugal

Later Middle Pleistocene archeological deposits of the Galeria Pesada (Gruta da Aroeira), Almonda Karstic System, Torres Novas, Portugal, yielded two archaic human teeth, a mandibular canine and a maxillary third molar. The C(1)presents moderate and asymmetrical shoveling with a stout root. The slightly worn M(3)exhibits at least four cusps with a large hypocone, three roots with large radicular plates, and an absence of taurodontism. They are moderately large for later Middle Pleistocene humans in their buccolingual crown diameters, although the M(3)mesiodistal diameter is modest. The C(1)exhibits labial calculus and multiple linear hypoplastic defects, but the M(3)is lesion free. Both teeth are morphologically similar to those of other Middle Pleistocene European humans and reinforce a pattern of dental hypertrophy among these archaic Homo.     

芜湖金盆洞旧石器遗址的食肉类

安徽芜湖金盆洞为新近发现的一处旧石器遗址,2002—2004年间两度发掘,除了人工制品外,另发掘出众多的哺乳动物化石。本文系统研究了其中的食肉类,经鉴定共计9属11种,即Nyctereutescf.N.sinensis、Canis variabilis、Arctonyx collaris rostratus、?Melessp.、Mustela sibirica、Mustelidae gen.et sp.indet、Ursusthibetanus kokeni、Ursus arctos、Pachycrocuta brevirostris sinensis、Panthera tigris和Pantherasp.。食肉类化石数量不多,但种类颇丰,对于探讨和分析遗址的地质年代具有重要意义。短吻硕鬣狗中国亚种的存在排除了晚更新世的可能,对比表明它与安徽和县龙潭洞动物群最为接近,可能稍晚于后者,应为中更新世中晚期。金盆洞主要由北方类型的动物构成,变异狼是长江以南地区的首次发现,黄鼬在南方同样十分少见,这表明金盆洞当时的气候较现今偏冷。与龙潭洞动物群相比,喜湿润的动物稀少,显然金盆洞的气候偏干些。     

The archeology of modern human origins

Two competing hypotheses have long dominated specialist thinking on modern human origins. The first posits that modern people emerged in a limited area and spread from there to replace archaic people elsewhere. Proponents of this view currently favor Africa as the modern human birthplace.^1–5 The second suggests that the evolution of modern humans was not geographically restricted, but invlved substantial continuity between archaic and modern populations in all major regions of the occupied world.^6–7 Based solely on the fossil record, both hypotheses are equally defensible, but the spread-and-replationships scenario is far more strongly supported by burgeoning data on the genetic relationships and diversity of living humans.^8–16 These data impy that there was a common ancestor for all living humans in Africa between 280,000 and 140,000 year ago, and that Neanderthals and other archaic humans who inhabited Eurasia during the same interval contributed few, if any, genes to living peiple. I argue here that the spread-and-replacement hypothesis is also more compatible with a third line of evidence: the spread-and-replacement hypothesis is also more compatible with a third line of evidence: the archeological record for human behavioral evolution.     

Chronologie des sites du Pléistocène inférieur et moyen du nord de l’Afrique

North Africa, and in particular the Maghreb, is a key region for African prehistory in that it contains sites whose chronology covers the entire Pleistocene period from 2.5 Ma to the Holocene. In terms of culture, it fits into the general pattern of the Stone Age, but it has particularities that make it a region apart with its own cultures. Due to its climate and geographical position, between the desert regions of the south and the Mediterranean Sea to the north, it has offered mankind a diversity of landscapes and environments that are quite unique and favorable to the development of human evolution. Finally, this region gives access to Europe through several maritime passages (Gibraltar, Sicily), which were probably used during the Pleistocene, thus reinforcing the interest in studying this northern part of Africa. The recent development of numerous dating methods has made it possible to reinforce and consolidate the chronostratigraphic framework, which for many years had been based solely on radiocarbon dating. These methods have sometimes even contributed to the confirmation of ‘new’ ideas that have dusted off the existing framework of prehistory. This article presents a chronology of the main ancient sites of the Maghreb dated by different methods whose ages compared to the results obtained by other disciplines participate and contribute to a better understanding of the environmental and cultural framework of prehistoric Man.