酸雨对植物—害虫—天敌系统的作用

综述了酸雨对植物—害虫—天敌系统的影响和酸雨对害虫的作用机制 ,探讨了模拟酸雨与自然酸雨对生态系统的不同作用 ,并展望了进一步研究和发展的方向。     

雷击火发生的影响因子与预测研究进展

雷击火是最重要的自然火源,由此引发的森林火灾给人类和生态环境都带来了巨大损失,各国都非常重视对其预测研究.本文以影响雷击火形成的主要因素为切入点,着重分析了云地闪特征、可燃物、气象和地形4个因素对雷击火形成、发展的影响及作用机理;在此基础上,对雷击火预测研究中广泛使用的Logistic模型、K-函数等数学方法进行总结和评述,并对美国、加拿大的雷击火预测方法和流程进行介绍,最后对以往研究中的不足之处提出了探讨性的解决方案,并对未来的研究内容和趋势进行了分析,以期对我国的雷击火预测工作提供必要的理论依据和文献参考.     

作物种质资源的价值及其评估

回顾了对作物种质资源价值的认识过程,对作物种质资源价值评估的理论和方法进行了论述,指出了作物种质资源价值评估及其产权保护的必要性,对作物种质资源价值评估一些问题和难点进行了探讨,并对今后研究提出了建议.     

海洋酸化对蟹类影响的研究进展

人类活动排放二氧化碳引起了海水碳酸盐平衡体系变化和pH下降, 最终导致了“海洋酸化”。海洋酸化对蟹类产生了从表观到分子的多重影响。文章在总结海洋酸化对各种蟹类生长发育、生理与代谢、表型和行为等方面影响的基础上, 对其影响的机理展开了讨论, 并对控制海洋酸化及其对蟹类的影响研究提出了意见和建议。     

一种提高微生物发酵单位的新优化控制策略

微生物发酵过程对技术进行控制和优化,对微生物发酵单位的经济利益和质量都具有重要的作用。在传统的微生物发酵过程中,为了提高工作的效率和质量,注重对菌种方面的选择。但是,随着我国生物信息技术的不断发展,对其领域进行了一系列的研究,并对微生物发酵过程进行了优化。本文对一种提高微生物发酵单位新优化控制进行了分析和阐述,并提出了一些建议,以此促进我国微生物研究领域的长远发展。     

植物过程对土壤有机碳含量的影响

从全球和生态系统角度,综述了植物过程对土壤有机碳含量的影响和可能的作用机理,揭示了植物过程对土壤有机碳的源和汇的影响及对土壤有机碳的动态影响,讨论了植物过程对土壤有机碳影响研究的任务和发展前景,及减少土壤表层向空气呼出CO₂的数量、维持现时的生态平衡的途径,指出了植物过程影响土壤有机碳的研究方向和有待解决的问题.增加植物生物量,可以增加土壤有机碳贮量.     

融合酶的设计和应用研究进展

酶的分子改造和重新设计是解决酶催化工业应用瓶颈的重要途径。基于融合蛋白设计的融合酶技术是分子酶工程的一个研究热点,已逐渐应用于多功能酶和酶靠近效应的构建与控制研究中,显示出重要的理论和应用研究价值。文中对近年来融合酶的分子设计策略和应用研究的进展进行了综述。首先介绍了融合酶的概念和特点,并对最近研究中出现的融合酶构建策略进行了归纳总结,重点阐述了不同种类连接肽对融合酶的影响及其可能机理。同时,对目前融合酶的应用研究进行了归纳和讨论。最后,结合本实验室的研究,指出了融合酶领域的关键问题并对其发展方向进行了探讨和展望。     

食用菌产业发展历史、现状与趋势

本文回顾了人类对食用菌认识和利用的历史,介绍了我国对食用菌栽培利用的早期贡献和近代对食用菌产业发展的贡献,以及全球食用菌产业的基本情况、欧美双孢蘑菇和亚洲食用菌产业的发展历史与现状,分析了世界食用菌产业格局的变化、生产方式和技术的转型,简述了食用菌科学研究的进展,同时对中国食用菌产业发展历程和现状进行了梳理,提出了全球食用菌产业将继续从发达地区向欠发达地区转移以及我国的生产方式将加快向组织化、规模化、标准化和专业化方向转变的进展。     

影响棉纤维分化和发育的因素

概述了棉纤维细胞分化和发育的过程,对影响棉纤雏分化和发育的因素进行了探讨,并对今后棉纤维的研究发展趋势进行了展望．     

高校遗传学实验考核方式的改革探析

文章通过对遗传学实验考核方式的现状和发展趋势的分析,对其进行了改革尝试。根据遗传学实验课的教学目标和教学内容,将成绩考核方式分为学生实验室工作规范评价、学生对实验参与度的评价、实验报告评价、实验理论和操作评价4个方面,分别设置了10%、20%、40%和30%的不同权重,并对考核项目进行了量表分析。同时在实验教学工作中进行了检验,统计结果表明该方法取得了较好的效果。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.