双酶法水解辐照改性马铃薯淀粉动力学研究

为了解辐照改性马铃薯淀粉的酶解特性,用α-淀粉酶和糖化酶同时作用于马铃薯原淀粉和经400 kGy剂量辐照处理后淀粉,考察了pH值、酶解温度、α-淀粉酶用量、糖化酶用量对反应速率的影响.以米氏方程为基础,用Lineweaver-Burk法求解动力学参数.结果表明,辐照后马铃薯淀粉的酶解反应速率明显高于马铃薯原淀粉.在单一水解体系中,α-淀粉酶和糖化酶对辐照前后马铃薯淀粉的降解都遵循Michaelis-Menten方程,α-淀粉酶的Km分别为11.343 mg· mL-1和9.386 mg· mL-1,Vmax分别为0.406 mg（mL·min）-1和1.079 mg（mL·min）-1;糖化酶的Km分别为10.307 mg· mL-1和8.905 mg·mL-1,Vmax分别为0.338 mg（mL·min）-1和0.821mg（mL·min）-1;水解产物葡萄糖对反应体系具有竞争性抑制剂的作用,其抑制常数Ki分别为1.298 mg·mL-1和0.934 mg·mL-1.研究结果表明辐照有效提高了马铃薯淀粉的酶解反应活性.     

复合淀粉酶酶解生淀粉机理探讨

以生土豆淀粉为原料,考察了复合生淀粉酶水解机制。发现单个糖化酶的酶解遵循Michaelis-Menten机制,而α-淀粉酶的酶解不遵循Michaelis-Menten机制;水解过程中复合酶酶解产物d[G]／dt的变化说明α-淀粉酶能很好地协同糖化酶水解生淀粉,其效果不仅仅是两者的简单相加。     

应用转化方法从枯草杆菌168中选育高产α-淀粉酶产生菌

以枯草杆菌168(trp~-)为受体菌,枯草杆菌SH-16(str~R)和枯草杆菌209(lin~R)为供体菌,通过DNA转化而获得抗链霉素,抗林可霉素和色氨酸缺陷回复原养型的各种枯草杆菌转化体。其中,有小部分转化体产生的α-淀粉酶比供体菌高达24%,大部分转化体产生的α-淀粉酶与供体菌差不多或较低,但均比受体菌高。结果表明用DNA转化方法来选育新菌种是有一定价值的。     

地衣芽孢杆菌高温α-淀粉酶异源表达研究

目的：以地衣芽孢杆菌高温α-淀粉酶基因（amyL）为报告基因,构建含不同启动子的枯草杆菌表达载体,转化枯草杆菌,并对重组菌的酶活进行分析,比较不同启动子对amyL基因在枯草杆菌中表达的影响。方法：以高温α-淀粉酶高产菌株B.licheniformis0204染色体DNA为模板,PCR扩增得到amyL并分别与PQ启动子和P43启动子进行连接构建表达载体pUB-PQ-amyL和pUB-P43-amyL,化学法转化枯草杆菌1A717,筛选得到重组转化子后对重组菌的表达产物进行SDS-PAGE和酶活检测。结果：重组菌摇瓶发酵105h后测定高温α-淀粉酶酶活,B.subtilis1A717（pUB-PQ-amyL）的最高酶活为280.1U/mL,B.subtilis1A717（pUB-P43-amyL）的最高酶活为190.5U/mL。结论：PQ启动子调控的高温α-淀粉酶最高表达水平是P43启动子调控的最高表达水平的1.47倍,说明PQ启动子能使amyL基因在枯草杆菌中更高效地表达。     

应用转化方法从枯草杆菌168中选育高产α-淀粉酶产生菌

以枯草杆菌168(trp~-)为受体菌,枯草杆菌SH-16(Str~R)和枯草杆菌209(lin~R)为供体菌,通过DNA转化而获得抗链霉素,抗林可霉素和色氨酸缺陷回复原养型的各种枯草杆菌转化体。其中,有小部分转化体产生的α-淀粉酶比供体菌高达24%,大部分转化体产生的α-淀粉酶与供体菌差不多或较低,但均比受体菌高。结果表明用DNA转化方法来选育新菌种是有一定价值的。     

蛋白酶对解淀粉芽孢杆菌α－淀粉酶活力的影响

目前工业生产α－淀粉酶的主要菌种是解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓａｍｙｌｏｌｉｑｕｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ）,该菌在培养条件下不但产生α－淀粉酶,同时也产生一定比例的蛋白酶。本文研究了不同来源的蛋白酶对解淀粉芽孢杆菌ＢＦ７６５８和８６３１５α－淀粉酶活性的影响,结果发现中性蛋白酶对两种α－淀粉酶活性无显著影响,而２７０９碱性蛋白酶能使α－淀粉酶活性丧失６０％以上。     

一种产糖化酶高温菌的初筛方法

在中温菌中筛选糖化酶产生菌已有成熟的方法,可是在高温菌中筛选糖化酶产生菌,国内尚无方法介绍。我们采用O-TB试剂法进行高温糖化酶产生菌的初筛,获得满意结果,现简述于后。     

BF7658α-淀粉酶稳定性的研究

解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)BF 7658即能产生丰富的α-淀粉酶,又能产生丰富的蛋白酶。在0.2mol/L pH7.2磷酸缓冲液中,不加任何底物,样品中α-淀粉酶与蛋白酶的比例是13:1,21:1,27:1,37℃保温24小时,α-淀粉酶活力损失22.1—8.8%,即α-淀粉酶的稳定性随蛋白酶的增加而减少,因而认为蛋白酶是影响α-淀粉酶稳定性的重要因素。Α-淀粉酶的稳定性可以通过选育菌种,选择合适的培养条件,添加钙离子保护及热处理等方法予以提高。     

α淀粉酶和糖化酶在酿酒酵母中的表达和分泌

将地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶基因及黑曲霉糖化酶cDNA重组进大肠杆菌-酵母穿梭质粒,转化酿酒酵母,构建能分解淀粉的酵母工程菌。酶活力测定和酶学性质分析的结果显示:在酵母MF-α1因子及磷酸甘油酸激酶基因的启动子和终止信号的调控下,α-淀粉酶和糖化酶基因在酵母中获得高表达并向胞外分泌这两种酶。构建的酵母工程菌在含10％淀粉的培养基中6天内能水解97％的淀粉,重组质粒能在酵母中较稳定地存在。     

新一代糖化酶高产菌株的选育及其工业应用

【目的】建立对糖化酶生产菌种黑曲霉随机突变文库进行筛选的方法,以获得糖化酶酶活提高的突变菌株。【方法】以一株可产糖化酶的黑曲霉菌株Aspergillus niger X1为出发菌株,经硫酸二乙酯诱变获得突变文库,采用葡萄糖的结构类似物——2-脱氧葡萄糖进行筛选,并在筛选过程中逐渐提高2-脱氧葡萄糖浓度,定向选育具有2-脱氧葡萄糖抗性、高产糖化酶的突变株。【结果】获得的高产突变菌株DG36摇瓶发酵糖化酶产量比出发菌株A.niger X1提高22.2%–33.8%,经工业水平50 m~3罐发酵测试,突变株DG36发酵128 h糖化酶活可达49094 U/m L,在相同发酵时间内,其酶活较出发菌株A.niger X1提高32.8%,发酵时间缩短16.9%。【结论】本研究开发了一种以2-脱氧葡萄糖为抗性标记选育高产糖化酶突变株的方法,所得突变株DG36遗传性状稳定,与出发菌相比具有菌丝粗壮、产酶期提前、糖化酶活高、发酵时间短、有利于发酵后处理的优点。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.