N+离子注入热带假丝酵母对长链二元酸产量的影响*

用热带假丝酵母（Ｃａｎｄｉｄａ ｔｒｏｐｉｃａｌｉｓ）ＳＣＢ４１２作为出发菌株,经能量５０ＫｅＶ、剂量１× １０^１１～５ ×１０^１５ ｉｏｎｓ／ｃｍ^２的Ｎ^＋离子注入诱变处理,以产生可遗传的诱变。 Ｎ^＋离子注入后,存活率与剂量呈指数衰减关系：ｌｏｇ（存活率％）＝ ８．２３－ ０．６０４ × ｌｏｇ（剂量）,在培养过程中可观察到酵母菌菌落和细胞形态均发生了变化。经筛选,获得了一株能够利用     

N^＋离子注入热带假丝酵母对长链二元酸产量的影响

用热带假丝酵母(Candidatropicalis)SCB412作为出发菌株,经能量50KeV、剂量l×1011～5×1015ions/cm2的N+离子注入诱变处理,以产生可遗传的诱变.N+离子注入后,存活率与剂量呈指数衰减关系log(存活率%)=8.23-0.604×log(剂量),在培养过程中可观察到酵母菌菌落和细胞形态均发生了变化.经筛选,获得了一株能够利用正十二烷烃发酵产生长链二元酸的高产菌热带假丝酵母SCB609.在初始正十二烷烃浓度为15%(v/v)下产酸量由43.5g/L上升到73.2g/L.比较两株菌发酵生长特性的差异,产酸过程有一定的变化.     

氮离子注入对棉花花粉形态和生活力及育性的影响

本文分析了氮离子注入棉花花粉对其形态,生活力和育性的影响。结果表明：氮离子束对花粉壁有明显的刻蚀作用,并能促进花粉粒间的融合。离子注入导致花粉管生长受抑制;过氧化物酶同工酶活性增强,酶带数目增加;萌发率、花粉管穿过花柱到达胚珠率、结籽率和成铃率均较对照显著降低。离子注入剂量与花粉损伤程度的大小呈正相关。经２０×１０￣（１５）Ｎ￣＋／ｃｍ￣２剂量处理的花粉,其萌发率降为对照的５２．３％;花粉管长度仅为对照的１７．１％;而且未获得成熟的种子。文中建议棉花花粉离子束诱变的剂量范围以５×１０￣（１５）Ｎ￣＋／ｃｍ￣２－１０×１０￣（１５）Ｎ￣＋／ｃｍ￣２为宜,并且讨论了离子注入技术在植物外源基因导入和细胞融合等方面的应用。     

紫云英汁液单细胞蛋白发酵工艺研究

紫云英汁液含有１０％的糖和２．６６％的有机氮化物,稀释成５倍后,以假丝酵母Ｃａｎｄｉｄａ ａｒｂｏｒｏ Ａｓ２．５６６为生产菌进行单细胞蛋白发酵,通过单因素搜索和正交试验对发酵工艺进行了优化,结果表明：较优培养基为初糖２．５％、酵母粉０．１５％、ＫＨ２Ｐ０Ｒ０．２％、ＭｇＳＯ４、０．０５％,初始ｐＨ值＝５,发酵温度３０℃,接种量５％。在２Ｌ发酵罐中验证,酵母浓度最高达１０．５３ｇ干重／Ｌ,基质生长     

生产长链二元酸菌株的诱变筛选

能用于正烷烃发酵生产长链二元酸的较好微生物都是酵母菌,尤其是假丝酵母属中的热带假丝酵母（Ｃａｎｄｉｄａ ｔｒｏｐｉｃａｌｉｓ）和阴沟假丝酵母（Ｃａｎｄｉｄａ ｃｌｏａｃａｅ）。 关于二元酸,知道Ｃ１０以下的短链二元酸在自然界广泛存在,确立起来的工业制造方法也多,而Ｃ１０以上的长链二元酸,天然存在的少,化工上难以合成。迄今为止,对二元酸的研究主要集中在Ｃ１０以上的长链二元酸。但是,所有野生菌株都难以积累和基质链长相同的长链二元酸,也就是说,它们的β-氧化能力太强。 Ｕｃｌｉｏ等研究了阴沟假丝酵母３１０…     

甘蔗糖蜜酒精废液混菌发酵菌体蛋白的研究

本文报导利用甘蔗糖蜜酒精废液混菌发酵高质量菌体蛋白的研究,通过热带假丝酵母Ｃａｎｄｉｄａ ｔｒｏｐｉｃａｌｉｓ种合融合株Ｃｔ－３配伍其他菌株,混菌发酵时间缩短２￣４ｈ,生物量可达２０ｇ／Ｌ,粗蛋白质含量５０￣５３％,灰份≤１０％,水分为５￣８％,与Ｃｔ－３单菌发酵相比,蛋白质提高４￣６％。     

N~+离子注入对不同辐射敏感性微生物超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响

以Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ和耐辐射生球菌（Ｄｅｉｎｏｃｏｃｃｕｓｒａｄｉｏｄｕｒａｎｓ）为试材,研究了Ｎ＾＋离子注入对其ＳＯＤ,ＣＡＴ和ＰＯＤ活性的影响及共对自由基的清除,结果表明：Ｄ．ｒａｄｉｏｄｕｒａｎｓ经Ｎ＾＋离子注入后ＳＯＤ和ＣＡＴ酶活高于Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ的,而ＰＯＤ酶活不仅很低于Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ的;随剂量的增大,两者ＳＯＤ和ＣＡＴ酶活均为增后减,只是其ＳＯＤ酶活的变化峰值对应剂量分别为６×１０＾１５Ｎ＾＋／     

烷烃发酵产生1，13-十三碳二元酸及其诱导作用的研究

从能利用正十二烷产生1,12-十二碳二元酸的热带假丝酵母突变株D28出发,经两次紫外线照射诱变,选育到一株从正十三烷产生1,13-十三碳二元酸较高的突变株2—23号菌。该突变株较出发菌株提高产酸率20％,达40．4g／L。突变株2—23也能将一定链长的长链烷烃以较高的产率转变成相应的单一二元酸。此外,在产酸摇瓶条件试验中观察到烷烃的诱导作用,使突变株产酸能力得以提高。用烷烃预培养的种子发酵正十三烷,其产生1,13一十三碳二元酸的量较糖质碳源培养的种子发酵时要提高30％。     

烷烃发酵产生1，13-十三碳二元酸及其诱导作用的研究

从能利用正十二烷产生1,12-十二碳二元酸的热带假丝酵母突变株D28出发,经两次紫外线照射诱变,选育到一株从正十三烷产生1,13-十三碳二元酸较高的突变株2—23号菌。该突变株较出发菌株提高产酸率20％,达40．4g／L。突变株2—23也能将一定链长的长链烷烃以较高的产率转变成相应的单一二元酸。此外,在产酸摇瓶条件试验中观察到烷烃的诱导作用,使突变株产酸能力得以提高。用烷烃预培养的种子发酵正十三烷,其产生1,13一十三碳二元酸的量较糖质碳源培养的种子发酵时要提高30％。     

供氧对产丙三醇假丝酵母科丙三醇发酵研究

研究了产丙三醇假丝酵母（Ｃａｎｄｉｄａ ｇｌｙｃｅｒｏｌｇｅｎｅｓｉｓ）产丙三醇及副产物与氧供给的关系。摇瓶试验发现其它营养条件一定,玉米浆添加量决定酵母量。在０．４％的玉米浆和装液比０．０８时产丙醇最高,副产物乙醇、乙酸和乙酸乙酯最小,玉米浆和装液比影响丙三醇和副产物的形成。在５Ｌ的反应器中以搅拌转速控制供氧水平,菌体生长阶段比耗氧速率为２８ｍｇ／（ｇ．ｈ）,在发酵阶段比耗氧速率１６ｍｇ／（ｇ．     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.