苏云金芽胞杆菌4.0718菌株中杀虫晶体蛋白基因的定位及鉴定

[目的]对苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,简称Bt)4.0718菌株中的杀虫晶体蛋白基因(insecticidal crystal protein gene,简称cry基因)进行定位和鉴定,系统分析高毒力Bt4.0718菌株的杀虫基因背景.[方法]采用脉冲电泳(PFGE)分离Bt 4.0718菌株的基因组DNA,确定该菌株的PFGE图谱和质粒图谱;采用Southern杂交分析该菌株中cry基因的定位,并使用PCR及PCR产物限制性片段长度多态性分析(PCR-RFLP)方法鉴定该菌株染色体和质粒上含有的cry基因类型.[结果]确定了Bt 4.0718菌株的PFGE图谱和质粒图潜,鉴定到Bt4.0718菌株的染色体和质粒上均定位有cry基因,且分别包含crylAa、crylAc、cry2Aa和cry2Ab 4种基因成分.但染色体上含有的cry基因可能不如质粒上含有的cry基因具有完整的开放阅渎框.[结论]首次在Bt 4.0718菌株的染色体上发现有丰富的cry基因,且与质粒上含有的cry基因类型一致.     

苏云金芽孢杆菌4.0718菌株的杀虫晶体蛋白基因分析

根据苏云金杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)cry1、cry2和cry3型基因的保守区分别设计了3对通用引物Un1(d)/Un1?、Un2(d)/Un2?和Un3(d)/Un3?,以Bt4.0718菌株质粒DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,通过扩增产物片段的分子量大小来确定该菌株所含有的杀虫晶体蛋白基因类型。随后根据上述3类cry基因的高变区设计特异引物再次进行PCR鉴定。结果表明:Bt4.0718菌株含有cry1Aa、cry1Ab、cry1Ac、cry1Cb、cry2Ac和新基因cry4.5等6种基因类型。这一结果为利用该菌株构建高效广谱杀虫工程菌提供了客观依据。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌YBT1520杀虫晶体蛋白基因的属性

通过Southern杂交发现高毒力苏云金芽胞杆菌(\%Bacillus thuringiensis)\% YBT1520菌株含有两个杀虫晶体蛋白基因片段,其5’末端所在HindⅢ片段分别为68kb和46kb,它们对应的基因分别命名为cry218和cry46。经PCR鉴定,该菌含有cry1Aa\,cry1Ab和cry1Ac基因,以及cry2基因,其中cry218属于cry1Ac。分析了cry218基因4190bp的核苷酸序列,在杀虫晶体蛋白基因分类系统中被命名为cry1Ac10。结合Southern杂交和PCR结果可判断3个cry1A基因的拷贝数不同,其中cry1Ac拷贝数最高,YBT1520菌株与其它库斯塔克亚种的杀虫晶体蛋白基因所在限制性内切酶位置明显不同。     

转化cry1C基因对苏云金芽胞杆菌杀虫活性的影响

将含基因cry1C的质粒,通过电脉冲法转入含基因cry1C的质粒,通过电泳冲法转入含基因cry1Ab、cry1Ac和cry2的对小菜蛾具有高毒力的苏云金芽胞杆菌野生菌株YBT－803－1中,得到转化子MBMY－003。PCR和SDS－PAGE分析显示,cry1C可在其中正常复制、表达,但使受体菌部分内源质粒发生丢失。生物测定结果表明,转化子MBMY－003既对甜菜蛾有毒力,LC50值为1．178μL／mL,高于出发菌株YBT－803－1（LC501．879μL／mL）,也对小菜蛾有毒力,LC50值为1．968μL／mL,低于YBKT－803－1（LC501．143μL／mL）。表明cry1C转入后,提高了野生菌株YBT－803－1对甜菜夜蛾的毒力,却降低了对小菜蛾的毒力。     

转化cry3A基因对苏云金芽孢杆菌YBT—803—1生长特性的影响

将携带基因cry3A的质粒通过电脉冲法转入苏云金芽孢杆菌野生菌株YBT-803-1后,对该菌的生长产生了一定的影响.结果表明,转入cry3A基因后,转化子BMBY-003的生长速度与出发菌株YBT-803-1相比虽无明显变化,但产生杀虫晶体蛋白的时间较出发菌株延迟6～8h,且最适温度提高为33℃,而对葡萄糖等14种碳源和谷氨酸等12种氮源的利用能力与出发菌株无明显差异.     

苏云金杆菌4.0718质粒上杀虫晶体蛋白基因的PCR分析

苏云金杆菌（Bacillus Thuringiensis)4.0718由本实验室选育是对鳞翅目（Lepidopteran)昆虫有高毒性的菌株。采用SDS温和提取方法提取此菌株的质粒,电泳纯化后获得了其4种不同分子量的质粒P1,P2,P3,P4。利用序列分析软件对已知的cryⅠ类型基因进行阵列比较,根据其高度保过区域设计了1对通用引物,对cryⅠ类型基因的扩增产物对277bp左右的片段,用此引的对Bacillus thuringiensis 4.0718的4种不同质粒进行了PCR分析,发现质粒P1,P2,P3扩增阳性,都产生了277bp的扩增片段,而质粒P4没有扩增产物,这为进一步的基因定位打下了基础。     

Bt菌株QCL-1中cry2Ac10基因的克隆、表达和活性研究

目的:从高毒力Bt菌株中克隆cry2Ac10基因,并研究其表达和杀虫活性。方法:以Bt菌株QCL-1质粒为模板,利用cry2特异性引物FY2A5和FY2A3进行PCR扩增,将目的片段克隆到表达载体pET-21b( ),构建T7启动子控制的大肠杆菌重组表达质粒pET21b-cry2Ac。经IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE检测基因表达情况,然后对表达产物进行生物活性测定。结果:从菌株QCL-1中克隆出目的基因,该基因的编码框由1 872个碱基组成,编码的蛋白质由623个氨基酸组成,与已报道的Cry2Ac氨基酸同源性为97.4%~99.7%。该基因(GenBank accession EF405952)已被国际Bt基因命名委员会正式命名为cry2Ac10。该基因在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中能够正常表达70kDa的蛋白,表达产物对棉铃虫、粘虫和粉纹夜蛾幼虫具有高毒力,同时对甜菜夜蛾幼虫生长有抑制作用,其中对棉铃虫和粘虫初孵幼虫的LC50分别为30.0μg/g和16.7μg/g。结论:成功克隆和表达了cry2Ac10基因,并明确了cry2Ac10蛋白的活性,为该基因的研究和应用奠定基础。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌Rpp39杀虫晶体蛋白基因的鉴定及cry2Aa12基因的克隆表达

[目的]本研究的目的是分析从四川生态条件下分离的苏云金芽胞杆菌Rpp39菌株的特性,从分子水平上揭示该菌株对鳞翅目高毒力的原因;进一步从中分离克隆cry2Aa基因,并对其进行初步的表达研究.[方法]本研究主要采用扫描电镜观察、PCR-RFLP鉴定法和SDS-PAGE分析法研究菌株的特性;采用PCR直接克隆法克隆cry2Aa全长基因,并亚克隆到原核表达载体pET-30a中,构建重组表达质粒pET-2Aa,再转入受体菌E.coli.BL21(DE3)中进行诱导表达;采用室内生物测定法测定表达产物对小菜蛾和水稻二化螟的毒力.[结果]经扫描电镜观察菌株Rpp39主要产生菱形、方形和圆形3种伴胞晶体;SDS-PAGE分析表明主要产生130 kDa和60 kDa左右2种蛋白;经PCR-RFLP鉴定,该菌株含有cry1Aa、cry1Ab、cry1Ac、cry1Ia和cry2Aa五类杀虫晶体蛋白基因;1种cry2Aa类杀虫晶体蛋白全长基因被克隆,序列分析显示该基因的开放阅读框(ORF)为1902 bps,编码由634个氨基酸组成的蛋白质,氨基酸序列与Cry2Aa1蛋白同源性为99.7%,被国际Bt杀虫晶体蛋白基因命名委员会命名为cry2Aa12.重组表达质粒pET-2Aa在E.coli BL21(DE3)中,经IPTG诱导能正常表达,SDS-PAGE电泳验证含有65 kDa表达蛋白.生物活性测定表明表达的包涵体蛋白对小菜蛾和二化螟具有杀虫活性,LC50分别为5.4 μg/mL和22.3μg/mL.[结论]菌株Rpp39及从中分离克隆的cry2Aa12基因来自四川生态条件,丰富了菌株及基因的资源,在资源积累方面具有重要意义.     

苏云金芽孢杆菌cry1基因在荧光假单胞菌Pfx-18中的表达特性

用DIG标记的cry1Aa基因EcoRI-F片段的RNA探针,对筛选的鳞翅目高毒力菌株的质粒进行Southern分析,将cry基因定位在39．3MD质粒上。该质粒经HindⅢ酶解,用同样探针进行杂交,呈现6．5kb和7．1kb两条阳性带,其中7．1kb片段的杂交强度明显高于6．5kb片段。将7．1kb片段与多寄主质粒pSUP106连接,转化荧光假单胞菌Pfx－18,获得克隆子LZP-1。克隆基因用PCR鉴定,显示典型的cry1Ab谱带。经SDS-PAGE分析,克隆株表达66kD杀虫晶体蛋白和一些小分子多肽。其发酵液稀释1000倍对三龄小菜蛾幼虫的致死率为33％。     

一株海洋来源的高活性Bt菌的生物学特性研究

从连云港海域筛选获得苏云金芽胞杆菌h3菌株,血清型鉴定表明该菌属H5型.该菌株产生菱形、方形和双锥体形的蛋白晶体.生测试验表明该菌对小菜蛾24 h致死率迭100%.SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳显示其具有133、65、35和29 ku等多种蛋白.PCR-RFLP方法分析表明113菌株含有cry1Ac基因.cry1A基因的特异引物PCR扩增出的基因含3 537个碱基,和cry1Ac基因有5个核苷酸的差异,同源性达99%(序列登陆号AY730621),该基因被命名为cry1Ac16.并与其他cry基因比对,构建了系统发育树.     

Screening of Bacillus thuringiensis serotypes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for insecticidal crystal genes toxic against coffee berry borer

Using PCR,257 isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt) were screened for cry-type genes. Of 257 isolates/strains, 60 isolates were identified as cry7/8, 10 isolates as cry3 and 36 isolates as cry 1I. One specific strain of B. thuringiensis (sumiyoshiensis; T03B 001) was investigated for the presence of cry7 and cry8 genes. Genes Cry7 and cry8 were first detected in this strain using family primers prior to analysis by exclusion polymerase chain reaction (E-PCR) using specific type primers. E-PCR conducted with the above said primers led to the identification by agarose gel electrophoresis of a remaining 1.5 Kb family band indicating a potentially novel gene. This PCR product, (1.5 Kb), was purified from the gel and cloned in pGEM-T Easy vector. Twenty recombinant colonies bearing 1.5 Kb insert were identified and three randomly selected representatives of the group, clones 7, 8 and 10, were sequenced and compared to all cry7 and cry8 sequences available from Gene Bank. Alignments with available DNA and protein sequences showed that all these clones contained a gene related to cry8Aa1. Analysis using protein sequence alignment showed that the sequence from clone 7 differed from the closest relative, known under the new nomenclature as cry 8Aa1, by 44%. The crystal proteins from B. thuringiensis sumiyoshiensis (T03B 001) was toxic to coffee berry borer larvae.     

Characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis ser. jordanica (serotype H71), a novel serovariety isolated in Jordan

The novel strain of Bacillus thuringiensis J112 isolated from a soil sample in Jordan was classified and characterized in terms of toxicity against dipteran and nematode larvae, crystal protein pattern, plasmid profile, and cry gene content. A new name, Bacillus thuringiensis serovariety jordanica (H serotype 71), is proposed for the reference strain J112. The parasporal crystal proteins were toxic to 3(rd) instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster and to 2(nd) stage juveniles of root knot nematodes Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita, but showed poor mosquitocidal activity towards Culex pipiens molestus and Culiseta longiareolata larvae. Solubilized and trypsin-digested crystal proteins possessed moderate hemolytic activity against sheep erythrocytes. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that crystals are composed of several polypeptides ranging from 24 to 170 kDa, of which the 20-, 42-, 140-, and 170-kDa proteins were the major components. Analysis of the plasmid pattern of J112 revealed the presence of two large plasmidic bands of about 160 and 205 kbp. PCR with total DNA from strain J112 and specific primers for cry1, cry2, cry3, cry4, and cyt2A genes revealed that cry1, cry3A, cry4, cry5 and cyt2a genes are present.     

抗鞘翅目δ－内毒素 及毒素基因文库的构建

研究了对鞘翅目昆虫有毒效的5个苏云金芽孢杆菌新菌株YM-03、Sph04-04、YK14-01、SH11-05、Sph16-01伴孢晶体的蛋白质组成,以柳蓝叶甲为供试虫测定了它们的LC_(50)值,其中YM-03毒力最高。测定了YM-03晶体蛋白N-末端部分氨基酸序列。用琼脂糖凝胶电泳快速检测了5株菌的质粒组成,证明其质粒图型各不相同。以广谱的cosmid质粒pLAFRI为载体,通过限制酶EcoRI部分酶解获得“目的”DNA片段,构建了菌株YM-03的总DNA文库,对17个抗性克隆的质粒进行酶切分析表明,其中含有外源片段的克隆占总数的76％,超过要求的理论值。以人工合成的杀鞘翅目基因的18bp保守序列片段为探针,筛选了近1200个抗性克隆,获得了3个阳性克隆,LE392(PBYM2)、LE392(pBYM3)和LE392(pBYM4),毒力测定试验表明LE392(pBYM3)和LE392(pBYM4)有一定表达,表明其携带有δ-内毒素基因。     

长春花黄化植原体核糖体蛋白基因片段序列分析*

对自然表现典型黄化症的长春花植株总RNA进行植原体核糖体蛋白基因（ribosomal protein gene,rp gene）PCR扩增,得到约1.3kb的特异片段。将此特异片段与pGEM-T Easy载体连接并转化到大肠杆菌JM109感受态细胞中,通过PCR鉴定、限制性内切酶(EcoRI)酶切分析、核苷酸序列测定及分析,结果表明该株系核糖体蛋白基因片段长1,44bp,包含rp122、rps3基因,分别编码129和252个氨基酸,且这两个基因为重叠基因。该植原体核糖体蛋白基因特性与其它植原体相似。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌YBT1520杀虫晶体蛋白基因的属性

通过Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交发现高毒力苏云金芽胞杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｉｅｎｓｉｓ）ＴＢＴ－１５２０菌株含有两个杀虫晶体蛋白基因片段,其５’＝末端所在ＨｉｎｄⅢ片段分别为６．８ｋｂ和４．６ｋｂ,它们对应的基因分别命名为ｃｒｙ２１８和ｃｒｙ４．６。经ＰＣＲ鉴定,该菌含有ｃｒｙ１Ａａ、ｃｒｙ１Ａｂ和ｃｒｙ１Ａｃ基因,以及ｃｒｙ２基因,其中ｃｒｙ２１８属于ｃｒｙ１Ａｃ。分析了ｃｒｙ１Ａｃ基因     

Novel cry gene from Paenibacillus lentimorbus strain Semadara inhibits ingestion and promotes insecticidal activity in Anomala cuprea larvae

A positive clone was selected from a library of total cell DNA of Paenibacillus lentimorbus strain Semadara that reacted with an antiserum that was raised against parasporal crystal proteins produced by this strain. The positive clone had a DNA insert containing two whole cry genes (cry43Aa1, cry43Ba1), one partial cry gene (cry43-like), and three smaller genes located upstream. Eight blocks that are conserved in the Cry proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis [Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 62 (1998) 775] were detected in their deduced amino acid sequences. The Escherichia coli transformant expressing cry43Aa1 caused inhibition of ingestion and 90% mortality in the first stadium larvae of Anomala cuprea. A low concentration of sporangia mixed with the transformant expressing cry43Aa1 easily infected the larvae of A. cuprea. The protein of approximately 150 kDa produced by the transformants expressing the cry genes reacted with antiserum specific for the parasporal crystal proteins. Southern hybridization analysis demonstrated that the cry genes were located on the chromosomal DNA of this strain, which possessed at least four cry genes.     

苏云金芽孢杆菌Rpp02菌株cry1Ac20基因的克隆及表达

Rpp02菌株是本实验室分离的一株对鳞翅目等多种害虫具有高毒力的苏云金芽孢杆菌莫里逊亚种 (Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni), 经PCR检测,它含有cry1Ac基因。对其基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,得到大约4 kb的产物。测序结果表明,该片段含有一个较大的ORF框,基因编码区为3 534 bp,编码1 177个氨基酸,分子量为133.144 kD,pI 4.952, 为弱酸性蛋白质,亮氨酸（Leu）、丝氨酸（Ser）、谷氨酸（Glu）3种氨基酸含量最高,分别为8.0%、7.8%、7.7%。该基因序列与cry1Ac序列同源性达到99%,并被国际Bt杀虫晶体蛋白基因命名委员会命名为cry1Ac20。生物测定表明,该基因在大肠杆菌中得到了表达,表达产物具有较强的杀虫效果,试喂菜青虫48 h后,校正死亡率为88.78%。