西藏产四种卷柏科植物的孢子形态观察

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了西藏产4种卷柏科(Selaginellaceae)植物波密卷柏(Selaginella bomiensis Ching et S.K.Wu)、宽叶卷柏(S.megaphylla Baker)、墨脱卷柏(S.mutensis Ching)和钱形卷柏(S.nummularifolia Ching)的大、小孢子形态.扫描电镜观察结果显示:这4种卷柏科植物的孢子具有复杂的外部纹饰特征,且种间有很大的差异,可作为种间鉴别的重要分类依据.4种卷柏的孢子形态均为首次报道,为卷柏科系统演化及形态学研究提供有价值的基础资料.     

西藏产四种卷柏科植物的孢子形态观察

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了西藏产4种卷柏科(Selaginellaceae)植物波密卷柏(Selaginella bomiensis Ching et S.K.Wu)、宽叶卷柏(S. megaphylla Baker)、墨脱卷柏(S. mutensis Ching)和钱形卷柏(S. nummularifolia Ching)的大、小孢子形态。扫描电镜观察结果显示：这4种卷柏科植物的孢子具有复杂的外部纹饰特征,且种间有很大的差异,可作为种间鉴别的重要分类依据。4种卷柏的孢子形态均为首次报道,为卷柏科系统演化及形态学研究提供有价值的基础资料。     

云南产8种卷柏科植物的孢子形态

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜首次观察了云南产8种卷柏科(Selaginellaceae)植物：钝叶卷柏Selaginella amblyphylla Alston;双沟卷柏S．bisulcata Spring;勃固卷柏S．kwrzii Baker;疏穗卷柏S．laxistrobilis K．H．Shing;微齿钝叶卷柏S．ormata(Hook．et Grev．)Spring;耳叶卷柏S．pseudopaleifera Hand.-Mazz;高雄卷柏S．repanda（Desv．ex Poir)Spring;泰国卷柏S．siamensis Hieron．的大、小孢子形态。研究结果表明卷柏科植物大、小孢子为辐射对称、三裂缝,其表面纹饰复杂,8种卷柏植物的大、小孢子在孢壁纹饰上存在着较明显差异。为卷柏科形态学和系统演化的研究提供了有价值的基础资料。     

中国四种卷柏科植物孢子的形态观察

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对睫毛卷柏(Selaginella ciliaris(Retz.)Spring)、甘肃卷柏(S.kansuensis Ching)、墨脱卷柏(S.mutensis Ching)、毛枝卷柏(S.trichoclada Alston)等4种中国产卷柏科(Selaginellaceae)植物的大、小孢子进行了详细的观察.结果表明,4种卷柏的大、小孢子在表面纹饰方面存在明显的差异,而在每一种内,孢子形态是基本稳定的.因此,孢子形态特征可以作为区分种的重要依据.4种卷柏的大、小孢子的孢壁多为混合纹饰类型,且近极面纹饰比远极面的细密.     

中国四种卷柏科植物孢子的形态观察

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对睫毛卷柏（Selaginella ciliaris (Retz.) Spring）、甘肃卷柏（S.kansuensis Ching）、墨脱卷柏（S.mutensis Ching）、毛枝卷柏（S.trichoclada Alston）等4种中国产卷柏科（Selaginellaceae）植物的大、小孢子进行了详细的观察。结果表明,4种卷柏的大、小孢子在表面纹饰方面存在明显的差异,而在每一种内,孢子形态是基本稳定的。因此,孢子形态特征可以作为区分种的重要依据。4种卷柏的大、小孢子的孢壁多为混合纹饰类型,且近极面纹饰比远极面的细密。     

卷柏科11种雌配子体形态发育的研究

本文用扫描电镜和光镜详细研究了人工培养的中国产卷柏科Selaginellaceae 11种卷柏的雌配子体的发育特点和形态特征,11种卷柏分别是卷柏Selaginella tamariscina(Beauv.)Spring小卷柏,S.helvetica(L.)Link,鹿角卷柏S.rossii(Bak.)Warb.,疏叶卷柏S.remotifolia Sp-ring,西伯利亚卷柏S.sibirica(Milde)Hieron,中华卷柏S.sinensis(Desv.)Spring,薄叶卷柏S.delicatula(Desv.)Alston,异穗卷柏S.heterostachys Bak.,细叶卷柏S.labordei Hieron。,伏地卷柏S.nippon-ica Fr.et Sav.和圆枝卷柏S.sanguinolenta(L.)Spring,在比较了每种雌配子体形态发育特点的基础上,讨论了卷柏科雌配子体在形态演化上的可能趋势,认为有“赤道轴缩减型”和“极轴缩减型”之分,这与根据孢子体将卷柏科分为Homoerphyllum和Heterophyllum两类的观点相吻合,并探讨了用雌配子体形态发育为卷柏类分组所能提供的依据。 其中9种系首次报道。     

福建卷柏属植物的物种多样性述评

卷柏属Selaginella Beauv.是一个在分类上较困难的类群,种类多,形态变化大。全世界有卷柏属植物750种以上,可以分为5个亚属。2002年10月我们对武夷山脉及周边地区的卷柏种类进行了调查,采集的标本存放于新加坡国立大学标本馆(SINU)和厦门大学标本馆(AU)。此外,我们还认真观察了来自福建师范大学标本馆(FNU)和AU的卷柏标本。结果表明,在福建,卷柏有18种1变种。其中,缘毛卷柏S. ciliaris、白毛卷柏S. albociliata和布朗卷柏S. braunii是福建分布的3个新记录。     

中国卷柏科植物的研究(Ⅰ)： 卷柏属同形叶亚属

对中国卷柏科卷柏属同形叶亚属进行了分类学修订,首次承认中国分布有3种,即西伯利亚卷柏 S．sibirica,印度卷柏S．indica和细瘦卷柏S．vardei。绘制了每种的叶形,孢子叶穗线条图;并绘有同形 叶亚属植物的地理分布图。该亚属在中国的分布呈西南和东北分布格局。     

海南七仙岭7种卷柏属植物的微观形态与生境间的关系分析

为探讨生境对卷柏属(Selaginella)植物微观形态的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜对海南七仙岭采集的7种卷柏属植物的侧叶、中叶、孢子叶的叶表皮形态以及小孢子形态进行全面观察分析,并计算气孔器大小、气孔密度、孢子大小等,比较分析其微观形态的区别及微形态与生境间的关系,为卷柏属植物的分类提供依据。结果显示:(1)同种卷柏属植物的侧叶、中叶与孢子叶在叶表皮形态上具明显差异,尤其是孢子叶上的气孔与营养叶相对较小且稀疏,与孢子叶的繁殖功能相符合。(2)不同种卷柏属植物的叶表皮特征也明显不同,主要表现在叶缘刺、气孔和瘤状突起上,表明这些特征可以作为卷柏属植物种间区分的依据。(3)卷柏属植物的小孢子形态稳定,纹饰多样;部分种间的小孢子形态相似,但可通过纹饰类型、裂缝的曲直进行区分。(4)琼海卷柏的小孢子具有独特的网状纹饰,暗示其具有独特的演化途径。(5)卷柏属植物叶表皮的气孔特征、瘤状突起特征,小孢子的颜色、纹饰,与海拔、生境的湿度有一定的相关性,但其形成机理有待进一步研究。     

干不死的卷柏

蕨类植物虽然不像生长在沙漠中的其它植物那样抗旱,但也有一些很耐旱的种类,卷柏就是其中的一种。 卷柏(Selaginella tamarisci-na),为卷柏科,卷柏属的一种矮小的草本植物。高5—20厘米,直立茎,顶端丛生小枝,小枝扇形或2—3回羽生,密生许多小鳞片,很像裸子植物柏科植物的叶。卷柏靠孢子繁殖,孢子叶卵状三角形,有龙骨状突起,孢     

Selaginella bifida sp. nov. (Selaginellaceae: Pteridophyta) from Rodrigues Island, Mauritius

Selaginella bifida D. Delmail, a new species of the Selaginellaceae from Rodrigues Island, (Mascarene archipelago, Mauritius) is described and illustrated. The new species is related to S. rodrigueziana Baker in phenotypic appearance, but differs by having ciliate lateral leaf margins and bifid microsporophyll apices.     

贵州卷柏属(卷柏科)一新种——习水卷柏

描述了贵州卷柏属一新种,即习水卷柏Selaginella xishuiensis G. Q. Gou &; P. S. Wang。新种与蔓出卷柏S. davidii Franch.在体态和大小方面相近,但叶缘具睫状毛而不同;新种在体态上也与地卷柏S. prostrata H. S. Kung相似,但孢子叶一型而不同。     

Application of the ITS2 Region for Barcoding Medicinal Plants of Selaginellaceae in Pteridophyta

Background

Selaginellaceae is a family of nonseed plants with special evolutionary significance. Plants of the family Selaginellaceae are similarly shaped and easily confused, complicating identification via traditional methods. This study explored, for the first time, the use of the DNA barcode ITS2 to identify medicinal plants of the Selaginellaceae family.

Methodology/Principal Findings

In our study, 103 samples were collected from the main distribution areas in China; these samples represented 34 species and contained almost all of the medicinal plants of Selaginellaceae. The ITS2 region of the genome was amplified from these samples and sequenced using universal primers and reaction conditions. The success rates of the PCR amplification and sequencing were 100%. There was significant divergence between the interspecific and intraspecific genetic distances of the ITS2 regions, while the presence of a barcoding gap was obvious. Using the BLAST1 and nearest distance methods, our results proved that the ITS2 regions could successfully identify the species of all Selaginellaceae samples examined. In addition, the secondary structures of ITS2 in the helical regions displayed clear differences in stem loop number, size, position, and screw angle among the medicinal plants of Selaginellaceae. Furthermore, cluster analysis using the ITS2 barcode supported the relationship between the species of Selaginellaceae established by traditional morphological methods.

Conclusion

The ITS2 barcode can effectively identify medicinal plants of Selaginellaceae. The results provide a scientific basis for the precise identification of plants of the family Selaginellaceae and the reasonable development of these resources. This study may broaden the application of DNA barcoding in the medicinal plant field and benefit phylogenetic investigations.     

石松类卷柏科地史时期和现代地理分布格局的形成

卷柏科仅含一属,全球分布,具有宽幅生态适应性,属于维管植物基部类群石松类植物,现生约700种。卷柏科起源于泥盆纪,化石记录遍布自石炭纪至今的各地质时期。目前,现代卷柏属亚属的分类方案基本稳定,但对于化石卷柏的亚属分类、以及地质历史时期的时空分布问题还缺乏相关研究。本文全面总结了卷柏科化石记录的时代和地理分布,并结合分子系统学探讨其地理分布格局的演化,为该科植物的分类与进化研究提供参考。根据现有研究基础,结合最新的卷柏科系统分类研究成果和化石记录,本文对该类群化石的系统分类进行归纳和厘定,并对化石类群的卷柏亚属Selaginella、Hexaphyllum亚属及rhizophoric clade物种的分化和地理分布格局的形成进行了讨论。本文认为,卷柏科起源于古生代的欧美植物区,不晚于二叠纪,其后伴随着泛大陆解体扩散至华夏植物区及冈瓦纳植物区。化石亚属Hexaphyllum是rhizophoric clade的基部类群,在石炭纪末灭绝。化石证据表明,从古生代末期起,rhizophoric clade已成为卷柏科的优势类群,并在中生代形成了全球分布的格局。     

Selaginella decipiens Warb. (Selaginellaceae), a new record from China

Selaginella decipiens Warb. (Selaginellaceae) is reported from Guangxi and Yunnan provinces of China. The taxon was previously known from North Vietnam and Northeast India. It can be confused with S. bodinieri Hieron. in general habit, and with S. chingii     

越南莲座状复苏卷柏一新种——越南卷柏(卷柏科)

该文描述了在越南发现的卷柏科一新种——越南卷柏(Selaginella pseudotamariscina X. C. Zhang & C. W. Chen)。经过分子系统发育分析并与近缘种形态比较,认为该新种是卷柏属(Selaginella)同穗亚属(subg. Stachygynandrum)的一个物种,与S. digitata-S. imbricata分支为姐妹群关系。该新种与卷柏(S. tamariscina)和垫状卷柏(S. pulvinata)的形态近似,其植株均为莲座状,但不同之处在于中叶对称,似披针形,上表面具1沟槽; 孢子叶穗略压扁; 孢子叶和营养叶性状和排列近似,孢子叶非同形,略异形,正置,腹面孢子叶大于背面孢子叶; 背面孢子叶败育,孢子囊仅见于腹面孢子叶基部。     

The phylogenetic history of Selaginellaceae based on DNA sequences from the plastid and nucleus: extreme substitution rates and rate heterogeneity

Molecular phylogenetic research on Selaginellaceae has focused on the plastid gene rbcL, which in this family has unusually high substitution rates. Here we develop a molecular data set from the nuclear 26S ribosomal DNA gene with the aim of evaluating and extending the results of previous phylogenetic research. The 26S rDNA and the rbcL regions were sequenced for a sample of 23 species, which represent the main elements of species diversity in the family. The data were analysed independently and in combination using both maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference. Although several between genome differences were found, the general pattern of relationships uncovered by all analyses was very similar. Results corroborate the previous study supporting new groupings not previously recognised on morphological grounds. Substitution rates in the 26S rDNA were also found to be high (26% informative) for the region analysed, but lower than for rbcL (37% informative). These data indicate that high substitution rates might be widespread in all three genomes (i.e., plastid, mitochondrion, and nucleus).