Polypedilum ( Cerobregma ) Sæther & Sundal from China (Diptera: Chironomidae)

P. (C.) cyclus sp. n. and P. (C.) jii sp. n. are described as male imagines. P. (C.) kamotertium Sasa and P. (C.) okigrandis Sasa are new records to China. A key to known adult males of the subgenus is presented. The subgeneric diagnosis is emended.     

·遗传咨询·

1．多囊肾的遗传 问：我有家族多囊肾遗传史,自己双肾有囊肿,现在怀孕29周,胎儿彩超双肾大,有回声,医生判定为多囊肾,我如果不要这胎,再怀孕,有不遗传的可能吗？     

中国医学科学院&北京协和医学院血液病医院(血液学研究所)专辑简介

正中国医学科学院北京协和医学院血液病医院(血液学研究所)(以下简称"血研所")1957年由中国血液学创始人邓家栋教授奉命组建,是我国首个血液学专业研究机构(包括附属医院).血研所的名称曾使用过"中国人民解放军军事医学科学院输血及血液学研究所"、"中国医学科学院输血及血液学研究所"、"中国医学科学院血液学研究所"等.血研所一直是我国最大的集医疗、科研、教学、产业于一体的国家级科研型血液病专业医疗机构,现有职工1197人,在血液学及相关领域的基础研究、血液病防治、新药研制、人才培养等方面取得     

Acridone alkaloids from Vepris verdoorniana (Excell & Mendonça) Mziray (Rutaceae)

Two new acridone alkaloids, verdoocridone A (1) and B (4), together with fifteen known compounds were isolated from methanol extracts of the roots and leaves of Vepris verdoorniana. The structures of all compounds were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses (1D and 2D NMR, EI- and ESI–MS). The ¹³C NMR values of 1,2,3,5-tetramethoxy-N-methylacridone (2) and 5-methoxyaborinine (3) are also reported. The crude extracts and compounds (1-6) were tested for their antimicrobial activity. The test delivered moderate activities for crude extracts and compounds 1, 5 and 6 against the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and the fungi Mucor meihei and Candida albicans with MIC values between 115 and 180 μg/mL for extracts and between 21.3 and 29.4 μM for compounds, compared to gentamycin with 0.2 μM and nystatin with 5.2 μM against both fungi. The determination of the radical scanvenging activity using 1,1-dephenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay gave moderate antioxidant values for all tested compounds, with IC₅₀ between 0.29 and 0.41 μM, compared to the standard 3-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) displaying 0.03 μM.     

Bemerkenswerte endogene Farbveränderung der Eischale von Chioninia delalandii (Duméril & Bibron, 1839) (Reptilia: Sauria: Scincidae)

The paper describes an unusual endogenous eggshell colouration observed in an egg of the Cap Verde skink Chioninia delalandii.A female specimen, kept in a terrarium, laid three eggs. Two of them were considered as fertilized (oval germ-disk, weakly pink). They were embedded 1 cm deep in a layer of moistened clay granules (substrate/water 2:1) and kept under different temperatures (egg 1 “cool”, 26–27 °C; egg 2 “warm”, 29–30 °C). There was a normal embryonic development in both eggs from their volume-enlargement and characteristic allometric growth (egg wide > egg length). The young hatch after 51 and 56 days.A change in eggshell colour, however, occurred in the “warm” kept egg during the last third of its incubation period. It started with a small spot (2–3 mm) in the outer area of the animal egg pole and spread into a dark-violet colouration over the whole eggshell within 15 days. After hatching of the young the shells of both eggs were examined. In the non-coloured egg there was no great difference in colour between the inner and outer egg layer, while in the coloured egg there was a distinct difference between the inner part, which was dark violet-gray, and the pale gray calcareous deck-layer. From the macroscopic view along the edge of the eggshell it was not identifiable, if the colour pigment was infiltrated into protein fibrils of the condensed surface layer.A possible explanation for the eggshell colouration could be an unusual embryonic pigmentation. This assumption is based on the first appearance of a restricted, point-like coloured area and its further regular extension. It might be that dark pigments (melanophores?) reached the eggshell (membrana testacea) and infiltrated the border-area to the condensed surface layer.     

哈罗德·埃利奥特·瓦姆斯

1939年12月18日,哈罗德·埃利奥特·瓦姆斯（Harold Eliot Varmus）出生于美国纽约东南部的欧申赛德社区,是犹太人的后裔。瓦姆斯的父亲弗兰克是纽约的一位家庭医生,母亲是当地一位精神病学方面的社会工作者,因此瓦姆斯的童年就在纽约度过。1957年,瓦姆斯进入到阿姆赫斯特学院进行医学预科班的学习,1961年,凭借一篇关于狄更斯的文学而获得文学学士学位。毕业后瓦姆斯甚至考虑将来可以将文学作为自己的职业,并于1962年又获得哈佛大学英语文学的硕士学位。     

马克·史蒂文·普塔什尼

分子生物学的任务之一就是研究基因的表达,无论是低等的细菌,还是高等的哺乳动物甚至人,在特定的情况下只有部分基因表达,同时另外的部分则不表达,甚至在一个细胞内部的基因表达也存在这种状况,很自然基因开关的研究就成为生命科学领域最基本的问题之一。上世纪60年代,对该问题的研究深入到了分子水平,其中1967年哈佛大学的马克·史蒂文·普塔什尼（Mark Steven Ptashne）阻遏蛋白的发现掀开了该领域崭新的一页。     

Does Enhanced External Counterpulsation (EECP) Significantly Affect Myocardial Perfusion?: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis

BackgroundEnhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) is currently applied for treating coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. However, the mechanism(s) by which EECP ameliorates angina pectoris and long-term left ventricular function remain largely unknown. The aim of this study will be to assess whether EECP significantly affects myocardial perfusion in CAD patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched for prospective studies on CAD patients that underwent EECP and reported myocardial perfusion data pre- and post-EECP. The impact of EECP was assessed based on the weighted mean difference (WMD) in myocardial perfusion from pre-EECP to post-EECP. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed by the I² index. Publication bias was assessed through visual inspection of the funnel plot as well as Begg’s and Egger’s testing.ResultsStandard EECP therapy (i.e., 35–36 one-hour sessions within a seven-week period) significantly increased myocardial perfusion in CAD patients (pooled WMD: -0.19, 95% CI: -0.38 to 0.00, p = 0.049). A random effects analysis was applied on account of significant heterogeneity (I² = 89.1%, p = 0.000). There was no evidence of significant publication bias (Begg’s p = 0.091; Egger’s p = 0.282).ConclusionsStandard EECP therapy significantly increases myocardial perfusion in CAD patients. This study’s findings support the continued use of standard EECP therapy in CAD patients and provides one putative physiological mechanism to help explain the improvements in angina pectoris and long-term left ventricular function observed in CAD patients after EECP therapy.     

纤细滇美龙(Dianmeisaurus gracilis Shang & Li,2015)新材料

根据一件产自云南罗平中三叠世关岭组Ⅱ段的新标本并结合产自相同地点和地层中的模式标本对纤细滇美龙(Dianmeisaurus gracilis Shang & Li,2015)进行了详细研究.原模式标本暴露其腹而,而新标本暴露其背面,两者互相补充提供了更完整、精确的纤细滇美龙解剖学信息.新材料揭示该种具有非常短小的吻部,眶前区的长度不仅短于眶后区长度,甚至短于眼眶的长度;外鼻孔小且位置靠前,即鼻孔前区的长度短于鼻孔后缘与眼眶前缘之间的距离;由两额骨构成的眼眶间隔非常狭窄,宽度小于顶骨平台宽度的1/3;额骨前后两端均具渐尖的突起;顶骨后部不收缩,顶骨平台后缘呈深V型.补充了新信息和包含更多属种(如Dawazisaurus)后的系统发育学分析支持了之前滇美龙和滇东龙互为姊妹群的结论,同时它们和马家山龙、滇肿龙、贵州龙和大洼子龙一起构成了一个仅由中国的属种组成的单系类群.与欧洲肿肋龙类群(Dactylosaurus,Anarosaurus,Serpianosaurus和Neusticosaurus)相比,这一单系类群与幻龙类有更近的亲缘关系.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Amphibiophilus mooiensis</Emphasis> n. sp. (Nematoda: Amphibiophilidae), a parasite of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Amietia delalandii</Emphasis> (Duméril &amp; Bibron) (Amphibia: Pyxicephalidae) from South Africa

Four species of the genus Amphibiophilus Skrjabin, 1916 from pyxycephalid frogs in southern and central Africa are currently recognised as valid. Several specimens of Amphibiophilus were found in material from the common river frog, Amietia delalandii (Duméril & Bibron) (Amphibia: Pyxicephalidae), collected in Potchefstroom (North-West Province, South Africa). These specimens clearly differ from all previously known species by the shape of the distal end of the spicule, the shape of the gubernaculum and the structure of the synlophe. They are, thus, considered as a new species, Amphibiophilus mooiensis. As all other species in the family Amphibiophilidae Durette-Desset & Chabaud, 1981, A. mooiensis n. sp. possesses a number of archaic characters, such as a buccal capsule with a well-developed dorsal oesophageal tooth, six inner labial papillae, six outer labial papillae and four cephalic papillae. Molecular data (cox1 and ITS-28S rDNA sequences) are provided and host and geographical specificity are discussed.     

健康&#183;风向标

吃香蕉致便秘？；芥末可以预防龋齿？；仙人掌能防电脑辐射未经证实；喝咖啡有助于预防帕金森氏症；你适合吃西瓜吗？     

健康&#183;风向标

办公桌上养金鱼可缓解干眼症；喝豆奶预防啤酒肚？脂肪摄入过量影响生物钟；米饭是最好的催眠剂？科学家证实人言可畏？越想忘越忘不掉；     

健康&#183;风向标

过度锻炼造成饮食失调，饮食不当会导致关节炎症状的恶化，使用大号餐具会使食量增加，准妈妈易患妊娠糖尿病，芦荟中有毒素吗？     

干细胞&#183;“女儿国”&#183;伦理争议？

在2007年的今天，干细胞对于很多人来说，已经不是一个陌生的科学词汇了。电视上，报纸上，互联网上，到处可以看见“干细胞”这个词。如果用科学的术语给干细胞一个定义，那就是，细胞在其分化过程中，常常由于高度分化而完全失去再分裂的能力，最终衰老死亡，为了弥补这一不足，机体在发展适应过程中保留了部分未分化的原始细胞，     

健康&#183;风向标

哈欠越打越清醒？；有痛苦多倾诉；健康快乐并不难!；煮沸蔬菜破坏其中的抗癌物质；甜食并非肥胖“元凶”？；     

飞天&#183;梦

飞行升空是人类最古老、最美好的愿望之一,古代人对鸟类的飞行是既向往又困惑的。所以,在古代很多文明古国,几乎都有把鸟类看作是神秘物的倾向。许多民族的神都被想像成有飞行能力。身为一种会思考有追求的陆生两足动物,无论在现实中,还是在想像中,几千年来人类一直在执著不懈地试图离开地球表面。     

健康&#183;风向标

放慢吃饭速度真的可以让人少吃,过量喝牛奶会促发癌症？感冒缘自“美食”作怪？手机和癌症没有必然联系,喝咖啡会降低患上糖尿病风险,上班路上别补觉,选双好鞋是关键,细选果蔬罐头,好茶要好喝