Morphological variations and climatic differences

As it has been shown long ago by physicists, the volume/surface ratio influences the cooling of bodies. Unfortunately, the volume of living things in most cases is difficult to assess. Therefore it can be reasonably replaced by body-weight, as it is usual in biological work. A second ratio, total limbs length/body weight, also plays an obvious role in body-heat regulation.Both ratios were studied experimentally on more than 100 men, in a hot room or on a tread-mill. On the other hand they were studied statistically on many different populations belonging to all the major divisions of the human species. These ratios are not the cornerstone of body-heat regulation, but both influence it. As a general tendency, body-weight/body-surface ratio decreases in warm climates, whereas limbs-length/body weight ratio increases. These geographical differences may be considered as ecological gradients related to body-heat regulation.These gradients do not exactly follow latitudes, because other factors, such as altitude, must be also taken into account. Perhaps there are several similar gradients, represented by different figures in different branches of human species. Some small gradient irrégularities can probably be explained by sampling errors: adaptation is a statistical phenomenon and small samples may sometimes distort a gradient's orderliness. Finally, body-weight/body-surface ratio is to some extent related to age. As we have shown it elsewhere, some numerical “inconsistencies” disappear if the age influence is statistically eliminated. Unfortunately, this correction is often impossible because in many populations the exact age of adult subjects is unknown.     

未来气候情景下中国东北森林生态系统碳收支变化

应用FGOALS模式输出的未来气候情景数据驱动中国森林生态系统碳循环模型FORCCHN,模拟了东北地区森林生态系统碳收支未来可能的时空变化。预测结果表明：未来平衡发展情景（A1B）气候变化情景下,2003—2049年东北森林生态系统净初级生产力（NPP）和土壤呼吸在达到饱和状态前均呈波动上升趋势,将分别增加10.84%、134.43%,且土壤呼吸的增加速率远远大于NPP的增加速率;2003—2049年,东北森林生态系统可能仍将具有明显碳汇功能,但强度呈下降趋势,将下降95.64%;未来47年东北森林虽然碳汇能力在减弱,但吸碳总量还在不断增加,说明未来47年东北森林对降低大气中温室气体浓度上升以及缓解气候变化将会起到积极作用。     

Water-use efficiency of forest ecosystems in eastern China and its relations to climatic variables

Carbon (C) and water cycles of terrestrial ecosystems are two coupled ecological processes controlled partly by stomatal behavior. Water-use efficiency (WUE) reflects the coupling relationship to some extent. At stand and ecosystem levels, the variability of WUE results from the trade-off between water loss and C gain in the process of plant photosynthetic C assimilation. Continuous observations of C, water, and energy fluxes were made at three selected forest sites of ChinaFLUX with eddy covariance systems from 2003 to 2005. WUE at different temporal scales were defined and calculated with different C and water flux components. Variations in WUE were found among three sites. Average annual WUE was 9.43 mg CO(2) g(-1) H(2)O at Changbaishan temperate broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest, 9.27 mg CO(2) g(-1) H(2)O at Qianyanzhou subtropical coniferous plantation, and 6.90 mg CO(2) g(-1) H(2)O at Dinghushan subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. It was also found that temperate and subtropical forest ecosystems had different relationships between gross primary productivity (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET). Variations in WUE indicated the difference in the coupling between C and water cycles. The asynchronous response of GPP and ET to climatic variables determined the coupling and decoupling between C and water cycles for the two regional forest ecosystems.     

Review of root dynamics in forest ecosystems grouped by climate,climatic forest type and species

Patterns of both above- and belowground biomass and production were evaluated using published information from 200 individual data-sets. Data sets were comprised of the following types of information: organic matter storage in living and dead biomass (e.g. surface organic horizons and soil organic matter accumulations), above- and belowground net primary production (NPP) and biomass, litter transfers, climatic data (i.e. precipitation and temperature), and nutrient storage (N, P, Ca, K) in above- and belowground biomass, soil organic matter and litter transfers. Forests were grouped by climate, foliage life-span, species and soil order. Several climatic and nutrient variables were regressed against fine root biomass or net primary production to determine what variables were most useful in predicting their dynamics. There were no significant or consistent patterns for above- and belowground biomass accumulation or NPP change across the different climatic forest types and by soil order. Similarly, there were no consistent patterns of soil organic matter (SOM) accumulation by climatic forest type but SOM varied significantly by soil order—the chemistry of the soil was more important in determining the amount of organic matter accumulation than climate. Soil orders which were high in aluminum, iron, and clay (e.g. Ultisols, Oxisols) had high total living and dead organic matter accumulations-especially in the cold temperate zone and in the tropics. Climatic variables and nutrient storage pools (i.e. in the forest floor) successfully predicted fine root NPP but not fine root biomass which was better predicted by nutrients in litterfall. The importance of grouping information by species based on their adaptive strategies for water and nutrient-use is suggested by the data. Some species groups did not appear to be sensitive to large changes in either climatic or nutrient variables while for others these variables explained a large proportion of the variation in fine root biomass and/or NPP.     

Niches of plant populations in mangrove reserve of Qi’ao Island, Pearl River Estuary

Thirty-two 10 × 10 m² quadrats were set up in four mangrove communities for the study of the niches of nine plants with horizontal and vertical resource sequences in Dawei Bay, Qi’ao Island, Zhuhai City. Generally, species diversities of natural mangroves were higher than those of plantations. The diversities decreased along sequence of substrate layer, shrub layer and tree layer in natural mangroves; and were highest on the shrub layer in plantations. At the horizontal resource sequence, the niche breadth varied 0.132–0.896 (B_(sw)) and 0.120–0.693 (B_(L)). The niche breadth of Acanthus ilicifolius and Aegiceras corniculatum were the highest and that of Spartina alterniflora was the lowest. At the vertical resource sequence, the niche breadth varied 0–0.400 (B_(sw)) and 0.333–0.747 (B_(L)). All the niche breadth values were the lowest except those of A. ilicifolius and A. corniculatum. The niche similarity of the populations varied 0–0.746 and 0–1.000 at the horizontal and vertical resource sequences, respectively. A. ilicifolius and A. corniculatum had niche overlap with all plants at the horizontal resource sequence, while the introduced Sonneratia caseolaris and Sonneratiaapetala had no such overlapping between six and five plants in the community, respectively. At the vertical resource sequence, A. ilicifolius and A. corniculatum had niche overlapping with all the populations. The more niche overlapping existed among the other populations. The results indicated that, currently, the mangrove plantation in Qi’ao Island had a simplex structure and composition of species. The status of plant populations’ niche was determined by the species selected and structure of afforestation. It is suggested to create forest gaps artificially and introduce Kandelia obovata saplings to reverse its current status of lower niche breadth, facilitate natural regeneration and spreading of A. corniculatum and A. ilicifolius, and accelerate the restoration process of natural mangrove. Simultaneously, the species matching and planting methods of mix stands should be emphasized in the future.     

Carbon stock and allocation of five restoration ecosystems in subalpine coniferous forest zone in Western Sichuan Province, Southwest China

As the largest carbon pool of the terrestrial ecosystem, forest plays a key role in sequestrating and reserving greenhouse gases. With the method of replacing space with time, the typical restoration ecosystems of herb (dominated by Deyeuxia scabrescens, P1), shrub (dominated by Salix paraqplesia, P2), broadleaf (dominated by Betula platyphylla, P3), mixed forest (dominated by Betula spp. and Abies faxoniana, P4), and climax (dominated by Abies faxoniana, P5) were selected to quantify the carbon stock and allocation in the subalpine coniferous forest in Western Sichuan (SCFS). The results indicated that the soil organism carbon (SOC) stock decreased with the depth of soil layer, and the SOC per layer and the total SOC increased largely with the vegetation restoration. The contribution of SOC to the carbon stock of ecosystems decreased with the vegetation restoration from 89.45% to 27.06%, while the quantity was from 94.00 to 223.00 t C hm^?2. The carbon stock in ground cover increased with the vegetation restoration, and its contribution to the carbon stock of ecosystems was similar (3–4% of the total). Following the vegetation restoration, the plant carbon stock multiplied and reached to 430.86 ± 49.49 t C hm^?2 at the climax phase. During the restoration, the carbon stock of different layers increased, and the contribution of belowground to the carbon stock of ecosystems decreased sharply. The carbon stock on ecosystem scale of the climax phase was 5.89 times that of the herb phase. Our results highlighted that the vegetation restoration in SCFS was a large carbon sink.     

Changes in carbon storages of Fagus forest ecosystems along an elevational gradient on Mt. Fanjingshan in Southwest China

森林生态系统碳库通常包括植被、土壤、凋落物与木质残体等几个组分。本研究旨在探讨中国一种重要的森林生态系统—水青冈林(Fagus L.)中这些碳库的沿海拔梯度格局变化及其驱动因子。在中国贵州省梵净山,沿海拔梯度(1095–1930 m)调查了9个水青冈林各碳库的碳储量。采用方差分解探讨了林龄、气候及其他因子对碳储量的影响,同时对梵净山与贵州和全球其他地区水青冈林的碳储量进行了比较。梵净山水青冈林生态系统碳储量在190.5–504.3 Mg C ha^–1之间,其主要组分包括植被碳库(33.7–73.9%)和土壤碳库(23.9–65.5%),而木质残体(0.05–3.1%)和凋落物(0.2–0.7%)对该生态系统碳储量的贡献不超过4%。随海拔升高,生态系统碳储量呈增加趋势,其中植被与木质残体碳库增加,而凋落物与土壤碳库无明显的变化趋势。对梵净山水青冈林,气候与林龄是其各组分碳储量海拔格局形成的主要原因;而对于全球水青冈林,林龄是其碳储量变化的主导因子。相比全球其他地区的水青冈林,贵州水青冈林具有较高的植被碳储量积累速率,这可能与贵州较高的降水量有关。本研究结果有助于理解中国水青冈林碳收支及其在区域碳循环中的可能作用,同时强调了林龄与气候对碳积累的重要性。     

东北地区主要森林生态系统凋落量的比较

以东北地区不同纬度带上4个区域内的典型森林类型为研究对象,采用直接收集法对森林凋落量进行连续3年的观测研究,结果表明,同一地区不同林型间的年凋落量差异显著,凋落量年变化不显著;落叶量占总量的比例最大,在70%以上,落枝和花果皮各占总量的20%以下,落枝量和落叶量之间存在正相关关系,相关系数为0.82;长白山区5种森林类型不同时期内凋落量统计结果显示,秋、冬季的凋落量明显大于春、夏季,前者为后者的2.62～9.14倍.不同凋落组分之间凋落动态不同,落叶以秋季为主,落枝和花果皮则年内分布比较均匀.同一林型的凋落量随纬度增加而减少,并建立了总体森林凋落量和白桦凋落量随纬度变化的数学关系式;总体森林凋落量和白桦林凋落量与温度均呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.95和0.91.     

Interannual and seasonal variations of energy and water vapor fluxes above a tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna, SW China

The values and variation characteristics of energy components, their relationship with net radiation and the characteristics of water balance in the forest were analyzed, based on the observation data of energy fluxes, meteorological parameters and biomass in a tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna from January 2003 to December 2004. The results show that annual net radiation was 3516.4 MJ/(m² · a) and 3516.6 MJ/(m² · a) in 2003 and 2004, respectively, of which 46% and 44% were used in latent heat flux, and 12% and 11% were lost as sensible heat flux. Annual mean canopy surface conductance was 10.3 mm/s and 10.0 mm/s in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Moreover, canopy surface conductance was lower in dry-hot seasons than in fog-cool and rainy seasons. Canopy surface conductance correlated significantly and positively with leaf area index, but negatively with water vapor pressure deficit. In general, canopy surface conductance was not affected directly by soil water content, but highly depended on soil moisture status when soil water content was below 0.15 m³/m³. Annual total evapotranspiration of this forest ecosystem in dry seasons was lower than that in rainy seasons, which was considered as one of the most important reasons that tropical seasonal rain forest could survive and flourish in Xishuangbanna at limit of water and heat.     

Interannual and seasonal variations of energy and water vapor fluxes above a tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna, SW China

The values and variation characteristics of energy components, their relationship with net radiation and the characteristics of water balance in the forest were analyzed, based on the observation data of energy fluxes, meteorological parameters and biomass in a tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna from January 2003 to December 2004. The results show that annual net radiation was 3516.4 MJ/(m² · a) and 3516.6 MJ/(m² · a) in 2003 and 2004, respectively, of which 46% and 44% were used in latent heat flux, and 12% and 11% were lost as sensible heat flux. Annual mean canopy surface conductance was 10.3 mm/s and 10.0 mm/s in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Moreover, canopy surface conductance was lower in dry-hot seasons than in fog-cool and rainy seasons. Canopy surface conductance correlated significantly and positively with leaf area index, but negatively with water vapor pressure deficit. In general, canopy surface conductance was not affected directly by soil water content, but highly depended on soil moisture status when soil water content was below 0.15 m³/m³. Annual total evapotranspiration of this forest ecosystem in dry seasons was lower than that in rainy seasons, which was considered as one of the most important reasons that tropical seasonal rain forest could survive and flourish in Xishuangbanna at limit of water and heat.     

基于区域植被类型评估的气候变化对中国森林生态系统的影响

基于中国知网(CNKI)和学术Google主题词为“气候变化”与“森林”的科技文献,根据全国范围的不同区域植被类型,运用整合分析方法就气候变化对森林生态系统的影响进行了系统评估,结果表明:在观测到的影响中,各个区域植被类型的树木物候、森林生产力与森林火灾方面的影响趋势大体相同,但森林地理分布影响趋势存在一定的差异;在预计的可能影响中,各个区域植被类型的树木物候、森林生产力、森林碳储量、森林火灾方面的影响趋势大体相同,但森林地理分布、森林结构方面的影响存在一定的差异.最后对现有研究的不足及未来研究方向等进行了讨论和展望.     

中国南部亚热带森林地表植被动态变化

系统研究了南方5个亚热带森林生态系统地表植被的动态变化情况.研究方法是:在每个研究区域内,按照地形梯度分别布设50个1m2 的样方,记录样方内所有物种的频度及相关的环境变量,5个研究区域共设250个样方,每个样方分别调查两次.通过单元及多元统计方法分析表明:维管植物物种频度在一个区域明显下降,另二个区域显著增加;苔藓物种频度在一个区域有明显下降,另一个区域明显增加;苔藓物种数量在3个区域显著增加,另二个区域显著下降;维管植物物种数量显著增加在二个区域;物种组成沿着第一个植被梯度轴DCA 1没有显著变化,沿着第二个植被梯度轴DCA 2在二个区域有显著变化.综合分析表明,苔藓对气候变化及其波动反映敏感,是较好的气候变化及气候波动生物指示因子,而管植物数量及频度的变化没有明显证据显示与土壤酸化和大气污染有紧密关系.     

中国森林生态系统的植物碳储量和碳密度研究

提高森林生态系统C贮量的估算精度,对于研究森林生态系统向大气吸收和排放含C气体量具有重大意义.中国的森林生态系统植物C贮量的研究刚刚开始,由于估算方法问题,不同估算结果存在着较大的差异.本研究以各林龄级森林类型为统计单元,得出中国森林生态系统的植物C贮量为3.26～3.73Pg,占全球的0.6～0.7%;各森林类型和省市间有较大的差异.森林生态系统植物C密度在各森林类型间差异比较大,介于6.47～118.14Mg·hm^-2,并且有从东南向北和西增加的趋势.这种分布规律与我国人口密度的变化趋势正好相反,两者有一种对数关系.这说明我国实际森林植物C密度大小首先取决于人类活动干扰的程度.     

中国森林生态系统植被固碳现状和潜力

根据近3次森林资源普查资料和六大林业工程规划估算了中国森林植被的固碳现状和潜力.我国森林植物的碳贮量从第4次森林清查(1989～1994年)的4220.45 Tg C增加到第6次森林清查(1999～2003年)的5156.71Tg C,平均年增长率为1.6%, 年固碳量为85.30 ～ 101.95Tg·a-1,主要集中在西藏、四川、内蒙古、云南、江西、广东、广西、福建和湖南等省份.根据我国林业工程建设规划,到2010年规划完成时,林业工程每年新增的固碳潜力为115.46 Tg·a-1,其中天然林资源保护工程、退耕还林工程、三北、长江流域等重点防护林建设工程、环北京地区防沙治沙工程和重点地区速生丰产用材林基地建设工程到2010年新增的固碳潜力分别为16.25、48.55、32.59、3.75和14.33 Tg·a-1.     

中国森林生态系统林冠层降雨截留特征

森林生态系统作为陆地生态系统的主体,其发达的林冠层通过调节降水量、改变降水强度等深刻影响着流域全过程水文通量及水分输出。以中国广泛开展的典型森林降雨再分配过程的年尺度监测数据为基础,揭示中国不同类型森林生态系统的降雨再分配及林冠层降雨截留特征,阐明森林生态系统林冠层截留特征与降雨、植被要素的关系。结果表明:我国不同森林生态系统年穿透雨量处于141.4-2450.0 mm之间,年穿透雨率为36.3%-92.3%。5种典型森林生态系统多年平均穿透雨量((445.3±252.9)-(1230.6±479.6) mm)占同期多年平均降雨量的(72.6±9.2)%-(77.4±8.9)%。不同森林生态系统年树干茎流量介于0-508.2 mm之间,占同期年降雨量的0-25.8%。5种典型森林生态系统树干茎流量多年平均值((9.8±17.3)-(87.8±81.6) mm)占同期多年平均降雨量的(1.4±1.9)%-(5.4±4.6)%。不同森林生态系统林冠层年降雨截留范围在25.7-812.9 mm之间,占年降雨量的4.2%-55.6%。5种典型森林生态系统多年平均林冠截留量((154.2±81.6)-(392.2±203.5) mm)占同期年平均降雨量的(18.7±7.4)%-(25.9±8.3)%。进一步分析表明,我国森林生态系统穿透雨量、树干茎流量和林冠层截留量随观测区年降雨量的增加而呈显著增大(P<0.05),年穿透雨率、年树干茎流率随年降雨量的增加呈显著线性上升趋势(P<0.05),而年林冠截留率与年降雨量呈显著的负相关关系(P<0.01),降雨量、叶面积指数是深刻影响森林生态系统林冠层降雨截留率等特征的重要因素。整体上,不同类型森林生态系统林冠截留降雨能力存在明显差异,林冠层截留率突出表现为:落叶林大于常绿林、针叶林大于阔叶林。     

我国中东部不同气候带成熟林凋落物生产和分解及其与环境因子的关系

在大尺度气候梯度上研究森林凋落物生产分解与气候因子的关系,对于了解森林生态系统碳循环有着重要的作用.在寒温带的黑龙江呼中、温带的吉林长白山、暖温带的北京东灵山、北亚热带的湖北神农架、中亚热带的四川都江堰和浙江古田山,选择典型地带性成熟林,设置72个样地.观测和研究各地点森林凋落物的产量、凋落动态和分解速率,分析三者与环境因子之间的关系,结果表明:不同气候带森林生态系统凋落物年产量为亚热带森林＞暖温带森林＞温带森林＞寒温带森林.随纬度的增加,凋落物产量逐渐减少,凋落物产量与森林类型极显著相关,与年均温显著相关,而与年均降水关系不显著.凋落物生产动态表现为亚热带地区3个类型森林生态系统为双峰型,暖温带、温带、寒温带3个类型森林生态系统为单峰型.凋落物分解速率k表现出了与凋落物产量相似的变化趋势,即随着纬度的增加,分解速率k值逐渐降低,分解速率与年均温极显著相关,与年均降水显著相关.     

中国东部森林样带典型森林水源涵养功能

通过对我国东部森林样带四个森林生态系统定位研究站（长白山站、北京站、会同站和鼎湖山站）的九种森林类型水源涵养监测数据的分析,研究了水热梯度下不同森林生态系统水源涵养功能。结果表明：在生长季的5-10月份,各森林类型的水源涵养特性表现出较大差异。林冠截留率的大小依次为：阔叶红松林＞杉木林＞常绿阔叶林＞针阔混交林＞季风常绿阔叶林＞落叶阔叶混交林＞马尾松林＞落叶松林＞油松林,最高的长白山站阔叶红松林的截留率是最低的北京站油松林的2.2倍。森林降雨截留量与林外降雨量呈显著的正相关,林冠截留率与降雨量呈显著负相关。枯落物最大持水深（5-10月份）以北京站落叶阔叶林最大,为6.0mm;鼎湖山站的季风常绿阔叶林最小,为1.0mm。0-60cm土层蓄水量最大的是会同站的人工杉木林,为247mm;最小的是北京站的落叶松林,仅为45.5mm;林分总持水量依次为：杉木林＞阔叶红松林＞常绿阔叶林＞针阔混交林＞季风常绿阔叶林＞落叶阔叶混交林＞马尾松林＞落叶松林＞油松林。各林分总持水量主要集中在土壤层,占总比例的90%以上。     

Lagged climatic effects on carbon fluxes over three grassland ecosystems in China

Aims The plasticity of ecosystem responses could buffer and postpone the effects of climates on ecosystem carbon fluxes, but this lagged effect is often ignored. In this study, we used carbon flux data collected from three typical grassland ecosystems in China, including a temperate semiarid steppe in Inner Mongolia (Neimeng site, NM), an alpine shrub-meadow in Qinghai (Haibei site, HB) and an alpine meadow steppe in Tibet (Dangxiong site, DX), to examine the time lagged effects of environmental factors on CO₂ exchange.Methods Eddy covariance data were collected from three typical Chinese grasslands. In linking carbon fluxes with climatic factors, we used their averages or cumulative values within each 12-month period and we called them 'yearly' statistics in this study. To investigate the lagged effects of the climatic factors on the carbon fluxes, the climatic 'yearly' statistics were kept still and the 'yearly' statistics of the carbon fluxes were shifted backward 1 month at a time.Important findings Soil moisture and precipitation was the main factor driving the annual variations of carbon fluxes at the alpine HB and DX, respectively, while the NM site was under a synthetic impact of each climatic factor. The time lagged effect analysis showed that temperature had several months, even half a year lag effects on CO₂ exchange at the three studied sites, while moisture's effects were mostly exhibited as an immediate manner, except at NM. In general, the lagged climatic effects were relatively weak for the alpine ecosystem. Our results implied that it might be months or even 1 year before the variations of ecosystem carbon fluxes are adjusted to the current climate, so such lag effects could be resistant to more frequent climate extremes and should be a critical component to be considered in evaluating ecosystem stability. An improved knowledge on the lag effects could advance our understanding on the driving mechanisms of climate change effects on ecosystem carbon fluxes.     

东北东部森林生态系统土壤呼吸组分的分离量化

对森林生态系统的土壤呼吸组分进行分离和量化,确定不同组分CO2释放速率的控制因子,是估测局域和区域森林生态系统碳平衡研究中必不可少的内容。采用挖壕法和红外气体分析法测定无根和有根样地的土壤表面CO2通量(RS),确定东北东部6种典型森林生态系统RS中异养呼吸(RH)和根系自养呼吸(RA)的贡献量及其影响因子。具体研究目标包括:(1)量化各种生态系统的RH及其与主要环境影响因子的关系;(2)量化各种生态系统RS中根系呼吸贡献率(RC)的季节动态;(3)比较6种森林生态系统RH和RA的年通量。土壤温度、土壤含水量及其交互作用显著地影响森林生态系统的RH(R2=0.465~0.788),但其影响程度因森林生态系统类型而异。硬阔叶林和落叶松人工林的RH主要受土壤温度控制,其他生态系统RH受土壤温度和含水量的联合影响。各个森林生态系统类型的RC变化范围依次为:硬阔叶林32.40%~51.44%;杨桦林39.72%~46.65%;杂木林17.94%~47.74%;蒙古栎林34.31%~37.36%;红松人工林33.78%~37.02%;落叶松人工林14.39%~35.75%。每个生态系统类型RH年通量都显著高于RA年通量,其变化范围分别为337~540 gC.m-2.a-1和88~331 gC.m-2.a-1。不同生态系统间的RH和RA也存在着显著性差异。     

Partitioning soil respiration of temperate forest ecosystems in northeastern China

Quantifying soil respiration components and their relations to environmental controls are essential to estimate both local and regional carbon (C) budgets of forest ecosystems. In this study, we used the trenching-plot and infrared gas exchange analyzer approaches to determine heterotrophic (R_H) and autotrophic respiration (R_A) in the soil surface CO₂ flux for six major temperate forest ecosystems in northeastern China. The ecosystems were: Mongolian oak forest (dominated by Quercus mongolica), aspen-birch forest (dominated by Populous davidiana and Betula platyphylla), mixed wood forest (composed of P. davidiana, B. platyphylla, Fraxinus mandshurica, Tilia amurensis, Acer amono, etc.), hardwood forest (dominated by F. mandshurica, Juglans mandshurica, and Phellodendron amurense), Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis), and Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii) plantations, representing the typical secondary forest ecosystems in this region. Our specific objectives were to: (1) quantify R_H and its relationship with the environmental factors of the forest ecosystems, (2) characterize seasonal dynamics in the contribution of root respiration to total soil surface CO₂ flux (RC), and (3) compare annual CO₂ fluxes from R_H and R_A among the six forest ecosystems. Soil temperature, water content, and their interactions significantly affected R_H in the ecosystems and accounted for 46.5%–78.8% variations in R_H. However, the environmental controlling factors of R_H varied with ecosystem types: soil temperature in hardwood and Dahurian larch forest ecosystems, soil temperature, and water content in the others. The RC for hardwood, poplar-birch, mixed wood, Mongolian oak, Korean pine, and Dahurian larch forest ecosystems varied between 32.40%–51.44%, 39.72%–46.65%, 17.94%–47.74%, 34.31%–37.36%, 33.78%–37.02%, and 14.39%–35.75%, respectively. The annual CO₂ fluxes from R_H were significantly greater than those from R_A for all the ecosystems, ranging from 337–540 g Cm^-2a^-1 and 88‐331 gCm^-2a^-1 for R_H and R_A, respectively. The annual CO₂ fluxes from R_H and R_A differed significantly among the six forest ecosystems.