Diagnosis of Dysponetinae (Chrysopetalidae,Annelida)

The subfamily Dysponetinae (Annelida, Chrysopetalidae) was proposed by Aguado et al. (Cladistics 29, 610) based on a phylogenetic analysis including morphological and molecular information. However, as a differential diagnosis of the new subfamily, as required by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, was not included, the name was not made available. A diagnosis of the subfamily is proposed herein to correct this oversight.     

A systematic account of the Questidae (Annelida, Polychaeta), with description of new taxa

Questidae is a poorly known polychaete family with many unusual characters, particularly with regard to its reproductive organs. Its taxonomic position remains uncertain, which can be partly referred to the limited material described to date. New material, mostly from shallow sublittoral sediments, shows that questids have a circummundane distribution. Questa Hartman, 1966 is revised to include Novaquesta Hobson, 1970 as a junior synonym. Eight species of questids are assigned to Questa , four of them are new to science: Questa bicirrata sp. n., Q. paucibranchiata sp. n., Q. mediterranea sp. n., and Q. riseri sp. n. Character patterns of the questid polychaetes described so far are cladistically analysed. The limitation of informative characters causes ambiguity in the most parsimonious reconstruction of the phylogeny of the family, and therefore, the Questidae is proposed to be classified as comprising only one genus.     

The Magelonidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Seychelles, with the description of three new species

Three new species of Magelona are described from the Seychelles: M. conversa, M. falcifera and M. gemmata. Magelona conversa belongs to a 'M. mirabilisgroup', having a rounded prostomium and specialised chaetae on chaetiger 9, but differs from all other members in having long prechaetal neuropodial lamellae on chaetigers 1–8. Magelona falcifera bears large sickle-shaped hooded hooks in the abdomen and thus approaches the genus Meredithia, but lacks prostomial horns. Magelona gemmata belongs to a 'M. longicornis group' in having distinct prostomial frontal horns, and a thorax with lanceolate postchaetal lamellae in the notopodia and ventral neuropodial lobes. The distinctively swollen bud-like tips on the notopodial lamellae of chaetiger 9 are an unique feature. The status of MeredithiaHernández-Alcántara & Solís-Weiss, 2000 and current magelonid terminology are discussed.     

Campbellenchinae (Nematoda: Tylodoridae), a new subfamily from campbell Island,with a description of two new species

The first paragraph of the Introduction serves as an Abstract.

Specimens of an undescribed subfamily of Tylodoridae Paramonov, 1967 were found in each of 50 soil samples collected since 1951 from around the roots of native plants on Campbell Island, New Zealand. This taxon, Campbellenchinae n.subfam., its type‐genus, Campbellenchus n.gen., and 2 new species, C. poae and C. filicauda, are described. The diagnostic characters of the new subfamily include a lip region without a labial disc, a stylet of moderate length, a characteristic zone of cuticular annulation anterior to the stylet knobs, a slit‐like amphidial opening, a single ovary, and a filiform tail.     

Integrative taxonomy of the freshwater worm Rhyacodrilus falciformis s.l. (Clitellata: Naididae), with the description of a new species

The genetic and morphological variation within Rhyacodrilus falciformis Bretscher, 1901 (Clitellata: Naididae) in Europe was explored using an integrative approach, with three unlinked genetic markers [the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), the nuclear histone 3 (H3) and internal transcribed spacer region (ITS)] combined with morphology, to investigate whether this taxon constitutes a single or several species. Using Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery on the COI data set, the specimens were divided into seven clusters, used as hypothetical species that were further tested with the other data sources. Single‐gene trees were estimated for all three markers, using coalescence analysis and they were in many parts incongruent with each other. Only one of the clusters was supported by all trees; it was also morphologically differentiated from the other clusters by the shape of its modified penial chaetae. This group consists of two specimens from the Crotot Cave in south‐eastern France, and morphologically they fit a previously described but invalid variety, ‘pigueti’, which is here described as a new species, Rhyacodrilus pigueti Achurra & Martinsson sp. n. The study highlights the fact that a single data source (e.g. COI barcodes) seldom provides a sufficient basis for taxonomic decisions such as species delimitation.     

The Gondwanic bivalvePisotrigonia (family Trigoniidae), with description of a new species

The genusPisotrigonia Van Hoepen has page priority over the better-knownRinetrigonia Van Hoepen, of which it is thus a senior synonym. It is shown to comprise a closely allied plexus of species, ranging from Lower Tithonian to Maastrichtian, and thus phyletically distinct from its sister taxonPterotrigonia. Moreover, whereasPterotrigonia is cosmopolitan,Pisotrigonia has a distinctly Gondwanic distribution. The subfamily Pterotrigoniinae is reassessed and a new species,Pisotrigonia laevkosta, is described from the Upper Albian (Cristatum Zone) of Zululand.     

Two new genera of the family Derbidae from the new world,with description of recent and an extinct miocene new species (Homoptera,Fulgoroidea)

Two new species of the family Derbidae are described. Anticedusa gen. n. (tribe Cedusini) includes the recent A. loisae sp. n. (type species) from Costa Rica and A. dominicana sp. n. from the Miocene Dominican amber. Cedochrusa gen. n. (type species Cedusa quixoa Kramer from Panama) of the tribe Cedochreini also contains a new species, Cedochrusa luculenta sp. n. from Costa Rica. A new subtribe Eocenchreina subtrib. n. comprising genera Eocenchrea Muir, Melusa Em., and Anticedusa gen. n. is erected for Cedusini with the achilid venation of the clavus.     

The African genera of Surinamellini (Heteroptera: Miridae) with the description of new species

Abstract The status of the African genera of the Surinamellini (Deraeocorinae) is reviewed, and keys are provided to the two genera and thirteen species now recognized. Makakix Odhiambo is synonymized with Opistocyclus Poppius, the synonymy of Tylopeltis Keuter with Glossopeltis Reuter by Linnavuori is upheld, and five new species of Glossopeltis are described.     

Unrecognized diversity of a scale worm,Polyeunoa laevis (Annelida: Polynoidae), that feeds on soft coral

A goal of taxonomy is to employ a method of classification based on phylogeny that captures the morphological and genetic diversity of organismal lineages. However, morphological and genetic diversity may not always be concordant, leading to challenges in systematics. The scale worm Polyeunoa laevis has been hypothesized to represent a species complex based on morphology, although there is little knowledge of its genetic diversity. Commonly found in Antarctic waters and usually associated with gorgonian corals (especially Thouarella), this taxon is also reported from the south-west Atlantic, Magellanic and sub-Antarctic regions. We employ an integrative taxonomic approach to examine the traditional morphological characters used for scale worm identification in combination with COI mitochondrial gene data and whole mtDNA genomes. Moreover, we consider P. laevis's association with Thouarella by examining data from the mMutS gene, a soft-coral phylogenetic marker. Analyses for P. laevis recovered 3 clades, two in Antarctic waters and one from the Argentina-Indian Ocean. Interestingly, genetic and morphological results show differences between specimens from South Argentina and the Antarctic region, suggesting that open ocean barriers might have limited gene flow from these regions. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses for Thouarella resulted in at least 12 lineages, although some of the lineages consist of only a single individual. Our results show different evolutionary histories for both species, confirming that association between these scale worms and their hosts is not restrictive. For both taxonomic groups, biodiversity in the Southern Ocean appears to be underestimated.     

Review of Anhoplocampa Wei (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae), with description of a new species and a new combination

Anhoplocampa is redescribed based on new material. Anhoplocampa bicoloricornissp. n. from China is described. Anhoplocampa yunanensis (Haris & Roller, 1999), comb. n. is transferred from Trichiocampus. A key to species of Anhoplocampa is provided. The differences between Anhoplocampa and Trichiocampus Hartig, 1837, Priophorus Dahlbom, 1835, Hoplocampa Hartig, 1837 and Renonerva Wei & Nie, 1998 are briefly discussed.     

Two new species of Mediomastus (Annelida,Capitellidae) from Tokyo Bay,Japan

Two undescribed species of polychaetes in Mediomastus (Annelida: Capitellidae) were collected from intertidal to shallow habitats in Tokyo Bay, Japan. These are M. duobalteussp. n. and M. hanedaensissp. n.Mediomastus duobalteussp. n. is distinguishable from all congeners by the following characters: 1) segments 3, 4, 8–11 stainable with methyl green, 2) thoracic capillary chaetae unilimbate, 3) abdominal capillary chaetae absent, 4) paddle-like chaetae in the thorax absent, and 5) abdominal hooded hooks not flared. Mediomastus hanedaensissp. n. is similar to M. warrenae Green, 2002, but differs from the latter in the shapes of the thoracic capillary chaetae and the abdominal hooded hooks, and the staining pattern with methyl green. In addition, a key to all Mediomastus species is provided.     

Study on two genera,Yasumatsua Togashi and Aproceros Malaise (Hymenoptera: Argidae: Sterictiphorinae), from South Korea with description of a new species

Yasumatsusa Togashi, 1970 and Aproceros Malaise, 1931 are recorded for the first time from South Korea. A new species, Yasumatsua koreana Lee & Lee sp. nov., and newly recorded species, Aproceros pallidicornis (Mocsáry, 1909), are described. Photographs of the new species and a key to genera of Korean Sterictiphorinae are provided.     

Revision of some comasterid genera from Australia (Echinodermata: Crinoidea), with descriptions of two new genera and nine new species

Morphological characters used in comasterid taxonomy are reappraised. As a result, form and distribution of pinnule combs are newly promoted as primary characters of generic recognition. Form and arrangement of cirri and division series, as used by A. H. Clark (1931), are rejected as characters important in recognizing taxa higher than species. Five of 12 comasterid genera reported as occurring in Australian waters (H. L. Clark, 1946) are critically examined. Of these genera, Comantheria A. H. Clark, 1909b is referred to the synonymy of Comanthus A. H. Clark, 1908a, Comanlhoides A. H. Clark, 1931 is referred to the synonymy of Cenolia A. H. Clark, 1916b, and Comanthina A. H. Clark, 1909b is maintained. In addition, two new genera are described. These genera are related by the occurence of the first brachial syzygy at 3 + 4 on all arms. Twenty-six species within the five genera are now recognized in Australian waters. Nine new species are described, and the 17 existing species are rediagnosed and critically reappraised. The revision involves taxa distributed throughout the Indo-west Pacific region, as far west as S Africa.     

Position and Delineation of Chrysopetalidae and Hesionidae (Annelida,Polychaeta, Phyllodocida)

Previous studies suggest that the polychaete taxa Hesionidae and Chrysopetalidae may not represent separate groups, that Pilargidae constitute a subgroup within Hesionidae, and that Hesionides and Microphthalmus are highly derived hesionids. Phylogenetic systematic analyses of Phyllodocida and the subgroup Nereidiformia are presented in order to clarify the position and delineation of these taxa. The phyllodocida analysis includes 18 families representing the majority of the taxa in the group, is rooted with Onuphidae, and is based on 42 absent/present coded morphological characters, obtained mainly from literature. All 69 resulting shortest trees include the clade (Chrysopetalidae, Nereididae, Hesionidae), but with either Syllidae, Nautiliniellidae, Pilargidae or (Aphroditiformia, Pisionidae) as sister. In- and outgroup taxon selection for the Nereidiformia study is dictated by the outcome of Phyllodocida analysis, with scores based on examined species of two chrysopetalids, four hesionids, one nereid, one pilargid, one pisionid, one syllid, plus the putative hesionids Hesionides arenaria and Microphthalmus sp. It is based on 46 absent/present coded morphological characters. Two equally parsimonious trees indicate that chrysopetalids and hesionids are well delineated, that pilargids and hesionids are non-overlapping, and that Microphthalmus and Hesionides are not hesionids.     

Revision ofAcanthopsoides Fowler, 1934 (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae), with the description of new species

The genusAcanthopsoides Fowler, 1934 is revised;Neacanthopsis Smith, 1945 is placed in the synonymy ofAcanthopsoides. In addition toAcanthopsoides gracilis Fowler, 1934 andAcanthopsoides gracilentus (Smith, 1945), four new species are described in the genus. These areA. delphax of the Salween, Chao Phraya and Mekong river basins,A. hapalias of the Mekong River basin,A. molobrion from peninsular Thailand, Malaysia and Borneo, andA. robertsi from the Kapuas River basin and adjacent areas, Borneo. The known distribution of the genus includes most of Southeast Asia.Acanthopsoides gracilis, A. gracilentus, and Adelphax are sympatric: Amolobrion and A. robertsi in the Kapuas River basin andA. gracilentus, A. delphax andA. hapalias in the Mekong River basin may be also. The increase in the diversityof Acanthopsoides recognized herein may be indicative of the level of the unknown diversity of the Southeast Asian freshwater fish fauna in general.     

Redescription of a rare bothid,Asterorhombus bleekeri (Macleay), and description of a new species ofAsterorhombus from northwestern Australia (Teleostei: Pleuronectiformes)

A rare Australian bothid flounder.Asterorhombus bleekeri (Macleay), is redescribed from the holotype and ten additional specimens from the east coast of Qeensland, Gulf of Carpentaria and Rowly Shoal (Western Australia). The species is transferred fromArnoglossus Bleeker toAsterorhombus Tanaka because of the lack of obvious sexual dimorphism in the interorbital width and pectoral fin length, the lack of rostral and orbital spines, the yellow-white blind side body coloration, and the deeply cleft parhypural and hypural plates. The definition ofAsterorhombus was emended as follows: the first dorsal fin ray continuous with or separated from remaining fin rays and gill rakers slender or stubby, with or without serrations.Asterorhombus osculus sp. nov., formerly briefly described in the literature as unidentified species ofEngyprosopon, was described from eight specimens from the northwestern coast of Australia. The new species is most similar toA. bleekeri in lacking sexual dimorphism, and having the caudal skeleton with deep clefts, two or three rows of teeth on the upper jaw and a pair of conspicuous black spots on the caudal fin, in addition to a similar general appearance, but is distinguished from the latter by shorter gill rakers, a very small mouth and feebly ctenoid scales on the ocular side. Both species clearly differed fromA. intermedius andA. fijiensis in having two (or three) rows of teeth on the upper jaws, slender gill rakers without serrations, first dorsal fin ray continuous with the other fin rays, and a pair of conspicuous black spots on the caudal fin.