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1.
In total, 17 589 aphids were assayed for rate of loss of inoculativity and maximum retention times of maize dwarf mosaic (MDMV). The Standard-treatment, involved acquisition access to MDMV-infected tissue followed by confinement of active aphids in Petri dishes. In addition various aphid immobilisation treatments were used to prevent probing on solid surfaces after acquisition access to simulate conditions experienced by wind-borne aphids when aloft. Immobilisation treatments, using nitrogen or argon gases at 25°C, or cold treatments at 6°C after acquisition access greatly increased the efficiency of MDMV transmission by greenbugs, Schizaphis graminum, in an experimental design where insects were individually assayed for transmission over a 7 h period. Further tests in which groups of greenbugs were assayed for MDMV transmission revealed that MDMV strains may be retained for over 21 h, regardless of post-acquisition access treatment. Experiments with other aphid vectors of MDMV (Dactynotus ambrosiae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Rhopalosiphum maidis and Myzus persicae) also demonstrated MDMV retention times exceeding 18 h. These results show that the rate at which aphids lose MDMV inoculativity is lower when solid surface probing behaviour is denied, and that MDMV retention times are longer than those previously published. The findings are discussed in relation to the epidemiology of nonpersistent viruses and their dispersal over great distances. 相似文献
2.
The effects of air, N2 and CO2 atmospheres on the growth and metabolism of P. shermanii CIP 10 30 27 under “optimum conditions” (pH 6.5, NaCl 0 %, temperature 30 °C) and “stressful conditions” (pH 5.3, NaCl 2.1 %, temperature 20 °C) simulating cheese ripening conditions were investigated using a pressure measurement technique. Under both conditions, the inhibition of growth was at its maximum when a CO2 atmosphere with an increase in the lag phase (LP) from 3 to 80 h and a reduction in the maximum rate of pressure variation (Vmax,P) from 2.5 to 0.4 kPa/h was used. The production of metabolites was not affected under “optimum conditions”, but under “stressful conditions”, propionate production increased and higher ratios of propionate to acetate of up to 2.45 were observed. The effects of air and N2 atmospheres on both growth and metabolite production were also examined. 相似文献
3.
Miron P. Teshler Gavin J. Ash Yevgen Zolotarov Alan K. Watson 《Biocontrol Science and Technology》2007,17(4):387-400
The effects of air temperatures (4, 14 and 24°C) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) (0% CO2/100% N2; 20% CO2/80% N2 or 40% CO2/60% N2) on vigour of a Sclerotinia minor barley formulation during 6 months storage were evaluated. The study was performed using a multilevel factorial experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) and aimed to determine the optimum combination of the above factors that resulted in retention of S. minor vigour during storage. Temperature and storage duration are the main factors that affect S. minor vigour. CO2 concentration had no effect on S. minor vigour during storage. However, oxygen displacement from storage containers by CO2 and N2 resulted in significant decrease of vigour reduction of S. minor as compared to ambient air control. An acceptable level of S. minor vigour reduction (ALVR) during storage was developed and determined to be ALVR=31.7±14.8% (mean±95% CI). Contour plot analysis indicated that the S. minor barley formulation at 0.4 water activity could be stored for 6, 12 or 26 weeks without exceeding the upper ALVR threshold (ca. 46%) at air temperatures not higher than 20, 17 or 11°C, respectively. 相似文献
4.
Leaves ofBryophyllum fedtschenkoi show a persistent circadian rhythm in CO2 assimilation when kept in continuous illumination and normal air at 15°C. The induction of phase shifts in this rhythm by
exposing the leaves for four hours at different times in the circadian cycle to 40° C, 2° C, darkness and 5% CO2 have been investigated. Exposure to high temperature has no effect on the phase at the apex of the peak but is effective
at all other times in the cycle, whereas exposure to low temperature, darkness or 5% CO2 is without effect between the peaks and induces a phase shift at all other times. The next peak of the rhythm occurs 17 h
after a 40° C treatment and 7–10 h after a 2° C, dark or 5% CO2 treatment regardless of their position in the cycle. When these treatments are given at times in the cycle when they induce
maximum phase shifts, they cause no change in the gross malate status of the leaf. The gross malate content of the leaf in
continuous light and normal air at 15% shows a heavily damped circadian oscillation which virtually disappears by the time
of the third cycle, but the CO2 assimilation rhythm persists for many days. The generation of the rhythm, and the control of its phase by environmental factors
are discussed in terms of mechanisms that involve the synthesis and metabolism of malate in specific localised pools in the
cytoplasm of the leaf cells. 相似文献
5.
Mohamed Yousri Hashem Adel Anwar Ahmed Sayeda Sayed Ahmed Shimaa Sayed Khalil 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(19-20):1090-1105
AbstractEffect of modified atmospheres (MAs) containing CO2 at 20, 40, 60 and 80% or containing N2 at 97 and 98% on the mortality of Corcyra cephalonica Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) sixth instar larvae was studied to determine the LT values at 30?°C. The respiration rates of untreated and treated larvae with 60% CO2 and/or 98% N2 at LT50 were measured using Q-Box RP1LP low range respirometry package. Total protein and triglycerides of treated and untreated larvae were assayed. Complete larval mortality was recorded after 72 and 144?h of treatment with 60% CO2 and 98% N2, respectively. Calculated LT50 values were 39.3 at 60% CO2 and 87.5?h at 98% N2 MAs. Respiration quotient (RQ) in the light of consumed O2 and produced CO2 of untreated larvae was 1.0 while it was 0.85 at 60% CO2 and 0.72 at 98% N2. Duration time necessary for produced CO2 curve to reach the maximum point (2000?ppm) was significantly shorter at untreated larvae (27.64?min) in comparison with that recorded at CO2 (35.48?min) which also significantly less than that obtained at N2 (98.54?min). At all treatments, total protein was decreased while triglycerides were increased in comparison with control. 相似文献
6.
Abstract. Carbon dioxide anaesthesia differentially affects the knockdown and recovery of cockroaches, depending on the strain and the length of time that the colony has been subjected to a CO2 regime. Adult males from two laboratory and two field-collected strains of German cockroaches, Blattella germanica, are knocked down within 7–45 s after exposure to CO2. After 5 min of CO2 exposure, presumptive recovery (i.e. the time for the cockroach to right itself after knockdown) for laboratory strains occurs significantly sooner than for field-collected strains. Control cockroaches, exposed to compressed air rather than CO2, exit harbourage cups rapidly (≤3.20 min). However, although allowed a recovery period of 5 min, significant movement impairment occurs for all cockroach strains anaesthetized with CO2. Carbon dioxide exposure significantly reduces consumption of 2.15% hydramethylnon bait and delays mortality even when 24 h is allowed for recovery before bait placement. Cockroaches allowed to recover for 48 h after 5 min of CO2 exposure consume significantly more bait and die significantly faster than CO2 exposed groups allowed 24 h of recovery, and mortality is not significantly different from nonanaesthetized bait-fed controls. 相似文献
7.
Soil cores (35 cm long, 7 cm diameter) from the Macaulay Land Use Research Institute's Sourhope Research Station in the Scottish Borders were kept and monitored at constant temperature (18± 1°C) for gas production using a 1.6 mm diameter stainless steel probe fitted with a membrane inlet and connected to a quadrupole mass spectrometer. This provided a novel method for on-line, real time monitoring of soil gas dynamics. In closed-system headspace experiments, O2 and CO2 (measured at m/z values 32 and 44, respectively) showed anti-phase diurnal fluctuations in low-intensity simulated daylight and under a light-dark (LD, 12:12 h) regime. O2 increased during periods of illumination and decreased in the dark. The inverse was true for CO2 production. Ar (m/z = 40) concentration and temperature (°C) remained constant throughout the experiments. The same phase-related oscillations, in CO2 and O2 concentrations, were observed at 2 and 5 cm depth in soil cores. The O2 concentration did not oscillate diurnally at 10 cm depth. In below-ground experiments, CH4 (m/z = 15) concentration showed diurnal cycles at 2, 5 and 10 cm depth. The CH4 production had the same diurnal phase cycle as CO2 but with lower amplitude. Evidence of below-ground diurnal oscillations in N2 (m/z = 28) concentration was provided at 5 cm depth. The scale of production and consumption of gases associated with soil-atmosphere interactions and below-ground processes, are shown to be a multifaceted output of several variables. These include light, circadian-controlled physiological rhythms of plants and microbes, and the interactions between these organisms. 相似文献
8.
Plant traits of Malcolmia littorea growing at the Botanic Garden of Rome and transplanted from the wild population developing along the Latium coast (Italy) were analyzed. The highest photosynthetic rates [P
N, 22.5 ± 0.5 μmol(CO2) m−2 s−1], associated to the highest chlorophyll content (Chl, 60 ± 5 SPAD units), and respiration rates [R, 11.1 ± 0.2 μmol(CO2) m−2 s−1] were reached in spring, when mean air temperature (T
m) was in the range 17°C to 23°C. P
N, Chl, and R decreased by 86, 38, and 59% in summer when mean maximum air temperature (T
max) was 30.3 ± 2.6°C. Leaf water potential decreased by 34% in summer compared to the spring value, and it was associated to
a relative water content (RWC) of 74 ± 4%, and to a water-use efficiency (WUE) of 2.15 ± 0.81 μmol(CO2) mmol−1(H2O). Moreover, also low air temperatures determined a significant P
N and R decreases (by 52 and 40% compared to the maximum, respectively). Responsiveness of gross photosynthetic rate (P
g) to R was higher than that to P
N as underlined by the slope of the regression line between the two variables. The results underlined a low tolerance to both
high- and low air temperatures of M. littorea. The selected key traits (R, WUE, Chl) by the discriminant analysis might be used to monitor the M. littorea wild population in the long time. The ex situ cultivated plants could be propagated and used to increase the individuals number of the wild population. 相似文献
9.
The conservation of food products within a controlled atmosphere is efficient in packaging. To extend the cold storage of raw milk, the effects of five gas atmospheres enriched with carbon dioxide and nitrogen were investigated. Treated and control milk were stored at 7 °C for 10 days and analyzed for microbial counts, pH, proteolysis and lipolysis. The addition of CO2, N2, or their mixture had a significant inhibitory effect on psychrotrophic growth. The generation times of these microorganisms were significantly longer in treated milk, particularly for yeasts where they amounted to 16.63 h. The maximum inhibition was observed when a gas mixture of 50 % CO2 and 50 % N2 was used. As a result, psychrotrophic growth was affected to 98 % whereas this inhibition did not exceed 78 % when CO2 and 41 % N2 were applied. Milk treatment under the conditions of 50 % CO2 and 50 % N2 gave significantly lower counts for all groups of psychrotrophs being more efficient against Enterobacteriaceae with 99.5 % of inhibition. Storage of raw milk under the tested atmospheres had a different effect on extracellular enzyme productions. Significant decreases in protease and lipase activities were observed during the storage at 7 °C. These enzyme activities were not detectable with pure CO2 and a 50 % CO2 and 50 % N2 mixture. N2 has shown to be the less efficient treatment against lipases (65 %) and proteases (95 %). With regard to growth, the course of the pH and the protease and lipase activities, the tested gas mixture of 50 % CO2 and 50 % N2 was more suitable for extending the shelf life of raw milk. 相似文献
10.
The influences of various day/night air temperatures on net CO2 uptake and nocturnal acid accumulation were determined for Opuntia ficus-indica, complementing previous studies on the water relations and responses to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) for this widely cultivated cactus. As for other Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants, net nocturnal CO2 uptake had a relatively low optimal temperature, ranging from 11°C for plants grown at day/night air temperatures of 10°C/0°C to 23°C at 45°C/35°C. Stomatal opening, which occurred essentially only at night and was measured by changes in water vapor conductance, progressively decreased as the measurement temperature was raised. The CO2 residual conductance, which describes chlorenchyma properties, had a temperature optimum a few degrees higher than the optimum for net CO2 uptake at all growth temperatures. Nocturnal CO2 uptake and acid accumulation summed over the whole night were maximal for growth temperatures near 25°C/15°C, CO2 uptake decreasing more rapidly than acid accumulation as the growth temperature was raised. At day/night air temperatures that led to substantial nocturnal acid accumulation (25°C/15°C.). 90% saturation of acid accumulation required a higher total daily PAR than at non-optimal growth temperatures (10°C/0°C and 35°C/25°C). Also, the optimal temperature of net CO2 uptake shifted downward when the plants were under drought conditions at all three growth temperatures tested, possibly reflecting an increased fractional importance of respiration at the higher temperatures during drought. Thus, water status, ambient PAR, and growth temperatures must all be considered when predicting the temperature response of gas exchange for O. ficus-indica and presumably for other CAM plants. 相似文献
11.
Some characteristics of photosynthetic inorganic carbon uptake of a marine macrophytic red alga 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Abstract Some characteristics of photosynthetic inorganic carbon uptake by Palmaria palmata, a marine red macroalga, have been measured under physiological conditions in artificial seawater. The apparent affinity of thallus for CO2 [K1/2(CO2)] at pH 8.0 and 15°C was 21.4±3.0mmol m?3 CO2 under air, and 25.7±70mmol m?3 CO2 under N2. The corresponding values of Vmax were 2.98 ± 0.42 and 3.65±0.87 mmol O2 evolved g Chr?1 s?l. The apparent Km(CO2) of isolated ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase was determined at pH 8.0 and 30 °C to be 30.2 mmol m?3 CO2, and the corresponding value of Vmax was 19.67 μniol CO2 g protein?1 s?1. The CO2 compensation points of the thallus were measured in artificial seawater at pH 8.0 under air and N2, using a gas-chromatographic method. The values were relatively low, rising from 10 cm3 m?3 at 15°C, to 35 cm3 m?3 at 25°C, but were not affected by the O2 concentration. The lack of an effect of O2 on photosynthesis and on compensation point indicates that there is little photorespiratory CO2 loss in this macroalga. The high affinity of the thallus for CO2, and the low CO2 compensation concentrations, are consistent with the occurrence of bicarbonate uptake in this alga. 相似文献
12.
Oospores of Phytophthora syringae germinating at 10 and 15°C under artificial light formed one or more sporangia, which yielded zoospores. Furalaxyl and metalaxyl demonstrated eradicant action against infections occurring on zoospore-inoculated apples. Control was obtained at 10°C when treatment was delayed 5–11 days after inoculation. Storage in 5% CO2+ 3% O2 and 0% CO2+ 2% O2 reduced rotting compared with storage in air. 相似文献
13.
Combined effects of elevated CO2 and air temperature on carbon assimilation of Pinus taeda trees 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
R. O. TESKEY 《Plant, cell & environment》1997,20(3):373-380
Branches of 22-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda, L.) trees growing in a plantation were exposed to ambient CO2, ambient + 165 μmol mol?1 CO2 or ambient + 330 μmol mol?1 CO2 concentrations in combination with ambient or ambient + 2°C air temperatures for 3 years. Field measurements in the third year indicated that net carbon assimilation was enhanced in the elevated CO2 treatments in all seasons. On the basis of A/Ci, curves, there was no indication of photosynthetic down-regulation. Branch growth and leaf area also increased significantly in the elevated CO2 treatments. The imposed 2°C increase in air temperature only had slight effects on net assimilation and growth. Compared with the ambient CO2 treatment, rates of net assimilation were ~1·6 times greater in the ambient + 165 μmol mol?1 CO2 treatment and 2·2 times greater in the ambient + 330 μmol mol?1 CO2 treatment. These ratios did not change appreciably in measurements made in all four seasons even though mean ambient air temperatures during the measurement periods ranged from 12·6 to 28·2°C. This indicated that the effect of elevated CO2 concentrations on net assimilation under field conditions was primarily additive. The results also indicated that the effect of elevated CO2 (+ 165 or + 330 μmol mol?1) was much greater than the effect of a 2°C increase in air temperature on net assimilation and growth in this species. 相似文献
14.
The relationships between dark respiration rate (R
D) and net photosynthetic rate (P
N) in Quercus ilex L. shrubs growing at the Botanical Garden in Rome were analysed. Correlation analysis of the data sets collected in the year
2006 confirmed the dependence among the considered leaf traits, in particular, R
D was significantly (p<0.05) correlated with P
N (r = 0.40). R
D and P
N increased from March to May [1.40±0.10 and 10.1±1.8 μmol(CO2) m−2 s−1 mean values of the period, respectively], when air temperature was in the range 14.8–25.2 °C, underlining the highest metabolic
activity in the period of the maximum vegetative activity that favoured biomass accumulation. On the contrary, the highest
R
D [1.60±0.02 μmol(CO2) m−2 s−1], associated to the lowest P
N rates (44 % of the maximum) and carbon use efficiency (CUE) in July underlined the mobilization of stored material during
drought stress by a higher air temperature (32.7 °C). 相似文献
15.
Abstract. Fully expanded leaves of 25°C grown Phaseolus vulgaris and six other species were exposed for 3 h to chilling temperatures at photon flux densities equivalent to full sunlight. In four of the species this treatment resulted in substantial inhibition of the subsequent quantum yield of CO2 uptake, indicating reduction of the photochemical efficiency of photosynthesis. The extent of inhibition was dependent on the photon flux density during chilling and no inhibition occurred when chilling occurred at a low photon flux density. No inhibition occurred at temperatures above 11.5°C, even in the presence of the equivalent of full sunlight. This interaction between chilling and light to cause inhibition of photosynthesis was promoted by the presence of oxygen at normal air partial pressures and was unaffected by the CO2 partial pressure present when chilling occurred in air. When chilling occurred at low O2 partial pressures, CO2 was effective in reducing the degree of inhibition. Apparently, when leaves of chilling-sensitive plants are exposed to chilling temperatures in air of normal composition then light is instrumental in inducing rapid damage to the photochemical efficiency of photosynthesis. 相似文献
16.
Caitlin Petro Alyssa A. Carrell Rachel M. Wilson Katherine Duchesneau Sekou Noble-Kuchera Tianze Song Colleen M. Iversen Joanne Childs Geoff Schwaner Jeffrey P. Chanton Richard J. Norby Paul J. Hanson Jennifer B. Glass David J. Weston Joel E. Kostka 《Global Change Biology》2023,29(11):3159-3176
Peat mosses (Sphagnum spp.) are keystone species in boreal peatlands, where they dominate net primary productivity and facilitate the accumulation of carbon in thick peat deposits. Sphagnum mosses harbor a diverse assemblage of microbial partners, including N2-fixing (diazotrophic) and CH4-oxidizing (methanotrophic) taxa that support ecosystem function by regulating transformations of carbon and nitrogen. Here, we investigate the response of the Sphagnum phytobiome (plant + constituent microbiome + environment) to a gradient of experimental warming (+0°C to +9°C) and elevated CO2 (+500 ppm) in an ombrotrophic peatland in northern Minnesota (USA). By tracking changes in carbon (CH4, CO2) and nitrogen (NH4-N) cycling from the belowground environment up to Sphagnum and its associated microbiome, we identified a series of cascading impacts to the Sphagnum phytobiome triggered by warming and elevated CO2. Under ambient CO2, warming increased plant-available NH4-N in surface peat, excess N accumulated in Sphagnum tissue, and N2 fixation activity decreased. Elevated CO2 offset the effects of warming, disrupting the accumulation of N in peat and Sphagnum tissue. Methane concentrations in porewater increased with warming irrespective of CO2 treatment, resulting in a ~10× rise in methanotrophic activity within Sphagnum from the +9°C enclosures. Warming's divergent impacts on diazotrophy and methanotrophy caused these processes to become decoupled at warmer temperatures, as evidenced by declining rates of methane-induced N2 fixation and significant losses of keystone microbial taxa. In addition to changes in the Sphagnum microbiome, we observed ~94% mortality of Sphagnum between the +0°C and +9°C treatments, possibly due to the interactive effects of warming on N-availability and competition from vascular plant species. Collectively, these results highlight the vulnerability of the Sphagnum phytobiome to rising temperatures and atmospheric CO2 concentrations, with significant implications for carbon and nitrogen cycling in boreal peatlands. 相似文献
17.
The effect of high carbon dioxide atmospheres (60% CO2) at different temperatures (20, 25, 30 and 34°C) on adult female mortality in Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom), Thrips tabaci Lindeman, Thrips palmi Karny, and Thrips parvispinus Karny were tested. Mortality of the five thrips species increased with CO2 exposure duration at each temperature. Median lethal times (LT50) and times required to achieve 100% mortality due to CO2 exposure decreased with increasing temperature, for all thrips species. Exposure to 60% CO2 atmospheres at 30°C is considered to be 100% lethal within 24 h to most pests of fresh agricultural produce. Our findings
suggest that CO2 treatment could be used to propagate thrips-free plants in horticultural nurseries, and as a quarantine tool for controlling
insects in/on transported plants. 相似文献
18.
Measuring and modelling carbon dioxide and water vapour exchange over a temperate broad-leaved forest during the 1995 summer drought 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7
D. BALDOCCHI 《Plant, cell & environment》1997,20(9):1108-1122
Forests in the south-eastern United States experienced a prolonged dry spell and above-normal temperatures during the 1995 growing season. During this episode, nearly continuous, eddy covariance measurements of carbon dioxide and water vapour fluxes were acquired over a temperate, hardwood forest. These data are used to examine how environmental factors and accumulating soil moisture deficits affected the diurnal pattern and magnitude of canopy-scale carbon dioxide and water vapour fluxes. The field data are also used to test an integrative leaf-to-canopy scaling model (CANOAK), which uses micrometeorological and physiological theory, to calculate mass and energy fluxes. When soil moisture was ample in the spring, peak rates of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NF) occurred around midday and exceeded 20 μmol m?2 s?1. Rates of NK were near optimal when air temperature ranged between 22 and 25°C. The accumulation of soil moisture deficits and a co-occurrence of high temperatures caused peak rates of daytime carbon dioxide uptake to occur earlier in the morning. High air temperatures and soil moisture deficits were also correlated with a dramatic reduction in the magnitude of NE. On average, the magnitude of NE decreased from 20 to 7 μmol m?2 s?1 as air temperature increased from 24 to 30°C and the soil dried. The CANAOK model yielded accurate estimates of canopy-scale carbon dioxide and water vapour fluxes when the forest had an ample supply of soil moisture. During the drought and heat spell, a cumulative drought index was needed to adjust the proportionality constant of the stomatal conductance model to yield accurate estimates of canopy CO2 exchange. The adoption of the drought index also enabled the CANOAK model to give improved estimates of evaporation until midday. On the other hand, the scheme failed to yield accurate estimates of evaporation during the afternoon. 相似文献
19.
Influence of different gases on spore germination ofCylindrospermum sp. revealed that acetylene and ethylene suppressed the germination which was more pronounced at their higher concentrations.
Germination was completely inhibited under the atmosphere of hydrogen and argon even when supplied with 1% CO2. Carbon dioxide, both in air and in N2, stimulated the process. However, higher concentrations of CO2 inhibited the germination in a concentration-dependent manner, possibly due to a decrease in pH. Germination was completely
arrested in the absence of light and nutrients. The energetic requirement for germination was not efficiently fulfilled by
photosystem I (PS II was blocked by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) or under conditions of anoxygenic photosynthesis
(medium supplemented with sodium sulfide). 相似文献
20.
Increased soil release of greenhouse gases shrinks terrestrial carbon uptake enhancement under warming 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Shuwei Liu Yajing Zheng Ruoya Ma Kai Yu Zhaoqiang Han Shuqi Xiao Zhaofu Li Shuang Wu Shuqing Li Jinyang Wang Yiqi Luo Jianwen Zou 《Global Change Biology》2020,26(8):4601-4613
Warming can accelerate the decomposition of soil organic matter and stimulate the release of soil greenhouse gases (GHGs), but to what extent soil release of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) may contribute to soil C loss for driving climate change under warming remains unresolved. By synthesizing 1,845 measurements from 164 peer‐reviewed publications, we show that around 1.5°C (1.16–2.01°C) of experimental warming significantly stimulates soil respiration by 12.9%, N2O emissions by 35.2%, CH4 emissions by 23.4% from rice paddies, and by 37.5% from natural wetlands. Rising temperature increases CH4 uptake of upland soils by 13.8%. Warming‐enhanced emission of soil CH4 and N2O corresponds to an overall source strength of 1.19, 1.84, and 3.12 Pg CO2‐equivalent/year under 1°C, 1.5°C, and 2°C warming scenarios, respectively, interacting with soil C loss of 1.60 Pg CO2/year in terms of contribution to climate change. The warming‐induced rise in soil CH4 and N2O emissions (1.84 Pg CO2‐equivalent/year) could reduce mitigation potential of terrestrial net ecosystem production by 8.3% (NEP, 22.25 Pg CO2/year) under warming. Soil respiration and CH4 release are intensified following the mean warming threshold of 1.5°C scenario, as compared to soil CH4 uptake and N2O release with a reduced and less positive response, respectively. Soil C loss increases to a larger extent under soil warming than under canopy air warming. Warming‐raised emission of soil GHG increases with the intensity of temperature rise but decreases with the extension of experimental duration. This synthesis takes the lead to quantify the ecosystem C and N cycling in response to warming and advances our capacity to predict terrestrial feedback to climate change under projected warming scenarios. 相似文献