江西省鸟类种数的最新统计

依据江西省遂川县鸟类环志和野外考察中发现的鸟类新记录,结合文献,对江西鸟类种数进行了重新统计.结果表明,江西省鸟类有19目60科481种,占我国鸟类总种数的36.11%.其中国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类有12种,Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类有72种,江西省重点保护鸟类有95种.还对一些物种进行了订正.     

湖北鸟类种数的新统计

本文将有关湖北鸟类的研究和调查等资料进行全面系统地收集、整理,以《中国鸟类分类与分布名录》(第二版)为基础,统计出湖北省现有鸟类521种,占我国鸟类1371种的38％.属于19目76科226属.其中国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类12种,Ⅱ级保护鸟类76种,列入“三有”名录的有323种,我国特有种l7种.     

中国邮票中的特有鸟类

我国的鸟类资源非常丰富,仅特有种就有71种.而鸟类又以其多姿多彩的形态成为邮票偏爱的题材.新中国成立以来,我国发行了许多以鸟类为主题的邮票,其中有11种为中国特有鸟类.对这11种中国特有鸟类的名称、分类地位、濒危程度、分布地区、形态特征、食性和繁殖习性进行了介绍.希望能促进人们了解中国的鸟类特有种,提高保护鸟类意识.     

四川唐家河自然保护区鸟类资源

唐家河自然保护区的鸟类已知有204种,分隶于13目40科,占四川省鸟类615种的33％。古北种87种占种数的43％、东洋种90种占种数的44％、广布种27种占种数的13％。特产种27种占全国特产鸟类98种的28％、占四川省特产鸟类59种的46％。国家一级保护鸟类有4种、二级保护有26种,四川省重点保护鸟类有2种,我国和日本国候鸟协定保护的鸟类有22种。区内鸟类生物多样性十分丰富,是候鸟迁徙的重要途径地和停歇地,有候鸟81种,占种数的40％,在鸟类组成中占有比较重要的地位。     

四川唐家河自然保护区鸟类资源

唐家河自然保护区的鸟类已知有204种,分隶于13目40科,占四川省鸟类615种的33%.古北种87种占种数的43%、东洋种90种占种数的44%、广布种27种占种数的13%.特产种27种占全国特产鸟类98种的28%、占四川省特产鸟类59种的46%.国家一级保护鸟类有4种、二级保护有26种,四川省重点保护鸟类有2种,我国和日本国候鸟协定保护的鸟类有22种.区内鸟类生物多样性十分丰富,是候鸟迁徙的重要途经地和停歇地,有候鸟81种,占种数的40%,在鸟类组成中占有比较重要的地位.     

甘肃黑河内陆河湿地自然保护区候鸟多样性

甘肃黑河为我国第二大内陆河,位于其中游的黑河湿地自然保护区为内陆河流湿地生态系统自然保护区。2008年分季节采用样线法和样点法调查该保护区湿地、农田村庄、人工林和荒漠4种生境的鸟类种类和数量。调查共记录保护区分布的鸟类17目35科116种,其中夏候鸟73种(占鸟类种类的62.93%),迁徙过路鸟20种(占17.24%),留鸟17种(占14.66%),冬候鸟6种(占5.17%)。其中,属于《湿地公约》的水禽56种。在湿地生境共记录鸟类70种,占保护区鸟类种数的60.34%,其中繁殖期在湿地生境栖息的鸟类有50种,绝大部分为夏候鸟(47种),留鸟只有3种;迁徙季节分布有44种鸟类,其中迁徙过路鸟(只在迁徙季节见到)有17种,占迁徙季节鸟类种类数的38.64%。村庄农田、人工林以及荒漠生境中,繁殖期和迁飞期共记录鸟类57种,夏候鸟有33种,留鸟有17种,迁徙过路鸟只有3种。甘肃张掖黑河湿地保护区是众多水禽在我国西北地区的重要繁殖地和迁徙停歇地,是我国候鸟迁徙西部路线上的关键区域。     

四川大邑县鸟类考查报告

对该县西部海拔６００－３６００ｍ的冬夏鸟类作了考查。先后采集和观察到鸟类１６７种和１４种,共１８１种。分析得知,当地东洋界的区系成分较多,我国重点保护鸟类和特产鸟类较多,有５种和亚种在四川属第二次发现。     

四川白坡山自然保护区冬季鸟类群落调查

2003年12月对四川白坡山自然保护区的鸟类群落的种类和数量进行了调查,实际发现鸟类151种,结合历史文献23种,保护区鸟类共有174种,隶属于12目41科。保护区有国家级重点保护鸟类14种,四川省保护鸟类2种,我国特有鸟类5种。保护区鸟类区系以东洋界成分为主。利用多样性指数分析了不同群落的鸟类多样性,结果表明:地处1300~2600 m的中山云南松及其混交林群落鸟类多样性最高,原因是该群落中生境类型丰富多样。     

四川千佛山自然保护区的鸟类资源

通过2002年10月和2003年5月对保护区鸟类的集中调查,结合历史文献,确认保护区有鸟类13目35科160种.其中国家I级保护鸟类2种,Ⅱ级保护鸟类19种,完全或主要分布于我国的鸟类种类20种.保护区鸟类以留鸟和夏候鸟为主,有留鸟91种,夏候鸟48种,而冬候鸟、旅鸟分别只有13种和8种.鸟类区系组成为：古北界种类有30种,东洋界种类90种,广布种19种,以东洋界种类占优势,同时兼具西南区和华中区的特点.保护区鸟类主要分布在阔叶林和灌丛生境,其次是针阔混交林生境.保护区内鸟类水平分布的情况和垂直分布的情况都差异明显.     

天高任鸟飞

我国是盛产鸟类的国家。目前已知在我国分布的鸟类约有1350种,随着鸟类研究工作的深入和广大观鸟者的加入,这一数字还在不断增加。环境保护意识的增强和可持续发展观的提出使大家对鸟类的关注度日益提高,爱鸟、护鸟的观念深入人心。爱鸟先要识鸟,下面向您介绍一些我国常见的鸟类的特征。     

Lake circulation and sediment transport in Lake Myvatn

Lake circulation and sediment transport in Lake Myvatn have been calculated using AQUASEA, a numerical model developed by Vatnaskil Consulting Engineers. The goal of the modelling was to calculate changes in sediment transport within the lake due to changes in lake bathymetry caused by diatomite mining. The model uses the Galerkin finite element method and consists of a hydrodynamic flow model and a transport-dispersion model. The flow model is based on the shallow water equations and the wave equation. The transport model is based on the conservation of mass for suspended sediment. The model was calibrated against measurements performed during the summer of 1992. These included measurements of water elevation, current velocity, wave height, and concentration of suspended sediment. After calibration, the model was run for different mining scenarios to determine their impact on the sediment transport in the lake.     

Microbiological examination of Lake Erie and Lake Ontario sediments

Diver collected cores from three sites in Lake Erie, west of Cleveland, Eastern basin and near Buffalo, and one from Lake Ontario near the mouth of the Niagara River, were sectioned to 20 cm and examined for sulfur cycle and nitrogen cycle bacteria, heterotrophic bacteria, insoluble organic and inorganic phosphate solubilizing bacteria and manganese oxidizing bacteria. Eh, pH, nitrogen, organic carbon and percentage moisture determinations were also made. Data from this study support and confirm other microbiological data collected from Lower Great Lakes sediment and also support the hypothesis that microbial flora of similar type sediments are numerically similar irrespective of the sediments source within the Lower Great Lakes.     

Biogeochemical silica mass balances in Lake Michigan and Lake Superior

Silica budgets for Lake Michigan and Lake Superior differ in several respects. Mass balance calculations for both lakes agree with previous studies in that permanent burial of biogenic silica in sediments may be only about 5% of the biogenic silica produced by diatoms. Because dissolution rates are large, good estimates of permanent burial of diatoms can not be obtained indirectly from the internal cycle of silica (silica uptake by diatoms and subsequent dissolution) but must be obtained from the sediment stratigraphy. The annual net production of biogenic silica in Lake Michigan requires 71% of the winter maximum silica reservoir which must be maintained primarily by internal cycling in this large lake whereas the comparable silica demand in Lake Superior is only 8.3%. The greater silica demand in Lake Michigan is the result of phosphorus enrichment which has increased diatom production. It is hypothesized that steady-state silica dynamics in Lake Michigan were disrupted by increased diatom production between 1955 and 1970 and that a new steady state based on silica-limited diatom production developed after 1970. Mass balance calculations for Lake Michigan show in contrast with previous work that the hypothesized water column silica depletion of 3.0 g · m^–3 could have occurred even though 90% or more of the biogenic silica production is recycled.     

巴里坤湖和玛纳斯湖嗜盐菌的分离及功能酶的筛选

目的:了解新疆巴里坤湖与马纳斯湖中嗜盐菌及功能酶的多样性。方法:从两湖中采集水样进行菌种分离,采用PCR方法扩增出其16S rRNA基因(16S rDNA),并测定了基因的序列。对分离菌株进行了蛋白酶、淀粉酶、酯酶、脂肪酶、以及纤维素酶的筛选。结果:从两湖水样共分离得到51株嗜盐菌。基于16SrDNA序列的同源性比较和系统发育学分析,发现从两湖分离获得的中度嗜盐菌分别属于Planococcaceae、Bacillacea、Staphylococcus、Halomonadaceae、Salicolaceae以及Pseudomonadacaeae 6个属。分离得到的极端嗜盐古菌属于Halobacteriaceae属。功能酶筛选结果表明产蛋白酶的嗜盐菌共有15株,产酯酶的共有23株,产淀粉酶的共有8株,未获得产脂肪酶和纤维素酶的嗜盐菌。结论:新疆巴里坤湖和马纳斯湖中有丰富的嗜盐微生物资源及酶资源,有重要的研究意义和应用前景。     

新疆艾比湖和伊吾湖可培养嗜盐古菌多样性

新疆地区盐湖密布,蕴藏着丰富的微生物资源。为保护和利用微生物物种与基因资源,作者从新疆准噶尔盆地的艾比湖和天山山间盆地的伊吾湖分离纯化嗜盐微生物。采用PCR方法扩增其中65株嗜盐古菌16SrRNA基因序列。序列分析表明,分离的嗜盐古菌分属6个属,艾比湖以Haloterrigena和Natrinema属的菌株为主,伊吾湖由Haloarcula和Halorubrum两个属的菌株构成。通过多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数和物种相对多度模型对分离的菌株进行多样性分析和比较,结果表明,盐湖嗜盐古菌的多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数具有一定相关性,艾比湖可培养嗜盐古菌的多样性高于伊吾湖。研究发现了一些新的物种资源,表明新疆盐湖中孕育的特色微生物资源亟待保护与利用。     

鄱阳湖及洞庭湖红鳍原鲌的群体分化研究

结合形态和线粒体Cyt b数据, 研究了鄱阳湖及洞庭湖定居性鱼类红鳍原鲌的6个地理群体(湖口群体、星子群体、都昌群体、鄱阳群体、余干群体和洞庭湖群体)共186尾样本的群体分化情况. 形态分析结果显示地理群体间形态差异较小. 遗传分析结果中, 群体间遗传分化指数(Fst) 为-0.00567-0.33429, 显示群体间存在较大遗传差异, 而单倍型分布和分子变异分析(AMOVA)也得到相似的结果. 根据群体遗传距离构建的系统树, 6个群体分为两大支: 洞庭湖群体与其他群体距离最远, 单独聚为一支; 星子、都昌、鄱阳和余干4群体聚成另一支, 而湖口群体处于两支的过渡位置. 因此, 群体间已产生显著遗传分化, 且主要体现在洞庭湖和鄱阳湖各群体间. 综合上述分析结果及红鳍原鲌的生活习性认为, 鄱阳湖及洞庭湖红鳍原鲌群体间的遗传分化是红鳍原鲌定居性的生活习性导致不同地理群体间长期的群体隔离、缺乏基因交流的结果.       

Molecular analyses of ostracod flocks from Lake Baikal and Lake Tanganyika

Ancient lakes are excellent laboratories for evolutionary research, where species can be studied in the cradle where they originated. In this article, we investigate two endemic ostracod species flocks from the two oldest lakes in the world, Lake Baikal (LB) (ca. 28 myr) and Lake Tanganyika (LT) (ca. 12 myr), with DNA sequence data. Nuclear ITS1 failed to resolve the phylogeny of both flocks. Whilst most phylogenetic relationships of the Tanganyika flock are resolved with mitochondrial COI, the Baikalian tree contains multifurications of up to seven different clades. The Tanganyikan Cyprideis flock shows higher genetic variability, which matches its higher morphological variability. A significant deviation from a constant divergence rate through time indicates that the Cytherissa flock most likely experienced explosive speciation events during its earlier history. Comparative analyses of substitution rates furthermore revealed that they are not clock-wise for COI. Ancestral Cytherissa probably radiated in LB 5–8 myr ago, around the time when the cold, oxygenated abyss was formed in LB. The Tanganyikan Cyprideis flock is almost twice as old as the Baikalian Cytherissa flock, and possibly older than LT itself, ca. 15 myr. The Cyprideis flock has survived drastic lake level changes and resulting salinity crises during its entire history.     

Lake flies and the deep-water demersal fish community of Lake Malawi

Larvae and pupae of Chaoborus edulis may be the most important food resource of some deep-water demersal fish species in southern Lake Malawi. C. edulis feed on crustacean zooplankton, which in turn feed on phytoplankton. Hence, demersal fish production is supported directly by planktonic primary production, rather than through a detrital food chain.     

Lake sturgeon population characteristics in Rainy Lake, Minnesota and Ontario

Rainy Lake contains a native population of lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens that has been largely unstudied. The aims of this study were to document the population characteristics of lake sturgeon in Rainy Lake and to relate environmental factors to year‐class strength for this population. Gill‐netting efforts throughout the study resulted in the capture of 322 lake sturgeon, including 50 recaptures. Lake sturgeon in Rainy Lake was relatively plump and fast growing compared with a 32‐population summary. Population samples were dominated by lake sturgeon between 110 and 150 cm total length. Age–structure analysis of the samples indicated few younger (<10 years) lake sturgeon, but the smallest gill net mesh size used for sampling was 102 mm (bar measure) and would not retain small sturgeon. Few lake sturgeon older than age 50 years were captured, and maximum age of sampled fish was 59 years. Few correlations existed between lake sturgeon year‐class indices and both annual and monthly climate variables, except that mean June air temperature was positively correlated with year‐class strength. Analysis of Rainy Lake water elevation and resulting lake sturgeon year‐class strength indices across years yielded consistent but weak negative correlations between late April and early June, when spawning of lake sturgeon occurs. The baseline data collected in this study should allow Rainy Lake biologists to establish more specific research questions in the future.