尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂单克隆抗体的生产及其在抗原纯化中的应用

从ＣＨＯ工程细胞培养上清初步纯化的ｕＰＡ免疫ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠,通过杂交瘤技术制备单克隆抗体细胞株,取其中一株３８－１－７株作高密度大量培养,细胞密度达１３．２×１０６／ｍＬ时,抗体滴度为１∶６１．４４×１０４。用自制的ｕＰＡ－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ４Ｂ柱纯化抗体。抗体滴度提高２４３倍。纯化后的抗体与活化的Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ４Ｂ珠交联,制成ＩｇＧ－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ４Ｂ亲和层析抗体柱,亲和力常数：１．２８×１０９（ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）－１,交联率：８３．５％。直接从培养上清纯化ｕＰＡ,纯度为９６．３％,回收率：８１．６％±１９,纯化倍数：５０倍左右,比活１．１１±０．２９×１０５。试验结果表明该法效果好,方法简单、操作方便、值得进一步研究和应用。     

Preparation and Application of Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Salicylic Acid (in English)

专一识别水杨酸的单克隆抗体的制备及应用 王树才^1,2李国婧¹ 夏凯¹ 徐朗莱²陈溥言³ 周燮^1*     

抗HLJ1单克隆抗体的制备及抗原检测方法的建立

为制备抗人肝脏DnaJ-like蛋白(Human liver DnaJ-like protein, HLJ1)的单克隆抗体, 并建立免疫组化和双抗体夹心ELISA检测HLJ1的方法。采用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术, 获得两株能稳定分泌抗HLJ1单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株A4C7和 C4C8。经鉴定, 两株单抗的亚类均为IgG1, 并且效价高、特异性好。以单抗A4C7和C4C8作为一抗, 对人胎肝组织石蜡切片进行免疫组化染色, 结果表明, 两株单抗均为阳性染色, 且HLJ1主要定位于胎肝细胞的胞浆。选取A4C7进行HRP酶标记, 并以HRP- A4C7作为酶标抗体, 以C4C8作为包被抗体, 建立双抗体夹心ELISA方法, 并进行棋盘滴定确定抗体的最佳工作浓度。该检测方法的线性范围是15~750 ng/mL, 灵敏度下限达15 ng/mL, 特异性良好。所建立的免疫组化和双抗体夹心ELISA 法可用于快速、灵敏地检测组织及血清中的HLJ1蛋白, 为HLJ1的肿瘤相关性研究提供了有力的工具。     

Production of Monoclonal Antibodies to Barley Mild Mosaic Virus and Their Use for Strain Differentiation

A panel of five stable hybridoma cell lines secreting mono- clonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced using a French mechanically transmitted isolate of barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV-MF) as antigen. All mAbs reacted with BaMMV-MF in two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) formats: triple antibody sandwich (TAS)-ELISA and antigen-coated plate (ACP)-ELISA. These mAbs recognized epitopes, present on both degraded virions and intact particles. Four mAbs (5C8, 1D5, 1B12, 1A12) belong to the immunoglobulin (Ig)G class and one mAb (3A9) represents an IgM. The five mAbs were compared in TAS- and ACP-ELISA for reactivity with numerous French isolates. These isolates were detected in TAS- and ACP-ELISA with four mAbs (5C8, 1D5, 1B12, 3A9). In both ELISA systems the mAb 1A12 recognized only an epitope specific for BaMMV-MF. All mAbs, except 1A12 recognized also the German (BaMMV-MG), Italian (BaMMV-I) and Japanese (BaMMV-Ka1) isolates in both TAS- and ACP-ELISA. The Japanese isolate (BaMMV-Na1) only reacted with two mAbs (1D5, 5C8) in TAS-ELISA. Only one mAb (3A9) reacted with BaMMV-MF, BaMMV-PF, BaMMV-I,BaMMV-MG and BaMMV-Ka1 in Western blot. These mAbs make it possible to distingish between the three BaMMV serotypes.     

柑橘衰退病毒多克隆和单克隆抗体的制备及检测效果分析

通过改进提纯方法获得了柑橘衰退病毒(Citrustristezavirus,CTV)的提纯液,其产量为1mg/100g植物组织。用CTV免疫大耳白兔,获得多克隆抗体,间接ELISA效价为1∶25600。用CTV免疫小鼠,经细胞融合、ELISA筛选和克隆化培养,获得18株能稳定分泌抗CTV单克隆抗体的杂交瘤单细胞株。对其中4株单克隆腹水抗体进行分析的结果表明,这些抗体的ELISA效价为1∶51200~1∶204800,其中2G和3H的抗体类型及亚类为IgG2a,1E和4H为IgG2b。用所制备抗体对不同来源柑橘样品的CTV检测结果显示,单克隆和多克隆抗体结合使用,采用三抗体夹心ELISA(TAS-ELISA)可以获得理想的检测效果,其特异性强、灵敏度高。同时发现所分析4株单克隆抗体对不同的CTV分离物鉴别能力存在差异,但有关这些CTV分离物的特性及其血清学关系还需进一步研究。     

抗人PAI—1单克隆抗体制备,鉴定和应用

以重组PAI-(rPAI-1)为抗原,通过杂交瘤技术获得6株阳性杂交瘤细胞(AP1、AP2、AP3、AP4、AP5和AP6),并用SPA亲和层析纯化了抗PAI-1单克隆抗体(McAb)。所有McAb均能识别rPAI和天然PAI-1,腹水滴度均为10~6以上。6种McAb对PAI-1亲和常数在3.45×10~7—1.05×10~9mol/L之间。AP2、AP3 McAb能完全抑制PAI-1活性,AP4、AP和AP6只能部分抑制PAI-1活性,AP1则不抑制PAI-1活性。6种McAb中只有AP1、AP4和AP5能识别PAI-1/t-PA复合物。利用AP1、AP3、和AP4 McAb制备免疫亲和柱一步纯化HepG_2细胞分泌的PAI-1,纯度大于98％,回收率92％,纯化倍数51倍。利用抗PAI-1 McAb建立了夹心法ELISA,测定了人血浆PAI-1水平,正常人血浆PAI-1平均含量(±D)为24.7±7.75ng/ml。     

Characterization and Application of a New Monoclonal Antibody with High Specificity for Helicobacter hepaticus

Background and Aims:  Infection with Helicobacter hepaticus is suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease in humans. However, reactive antigens among Helicobacter species make the development of an H. hepaticus ELISA test with high specificity difficult. A new monoclonal antibody from a hybridoma clone (HRII-51) showed high specificity to H. hepaticus without cross-reaction to other gastrointestinal bacteria.
Methods:  The molecular weight of HRII-51 immunoreactive antigen was examined by Western blot of H. hepaticus probed with the monoclonal antibody HRII-51. A HRII-51-immunoreactive antigen capture ELISA was prepared in which the specific antigen was anchored by HRII-51-immobilized ELISA plate. Accuracy of HRII-51 antigen capture ELISA was examined using sera obtained from mice inoculated with Helicobacter species. Specificity of HRII-51 antigen capture ELISA was compared to that of H. hepaticus antigen-based ELISA using human sera with absorption by H. pylori cell lysate.
Results:  HRII-51 immunoreactive antigen had a molecular weight of 15 kDa. Sensitivity and specificity of HRII-51 antigen capture ELISA were 87.0% and 97.6% in mice inoculated with Helicobacter species. In human sera, modification of the results by absorption with H. pylori lysate was smaller in HRII-51 antigen capture ELISA comparing with H. hepaticus -antigen-based ELISA.
Conclusion:  Use of the HRII-51 antigen capture ELISA would be a useful approach for the serodiagnosis of H. hepaticus infection in both experimental animals and humans.     

抗登革病毒NS1单抗的制备及检测NS1方法的建立

制备抗登革病毒NS1蛋白单克隆抗体,建立检测NS1的ELISA方法。表达1~4型登革病毒NS1蛋白,将1型NS1蛋白纯化后免疫BALB/c小鼠,通过杂交瘤技术制备单克隆抗体。经ELISA、Western blotting、间接免疫荧光筛选和鉴定单克隆抗体,进行纯化和HRP标记。通过鉴定每两株单抗之间是否存在竞争作用,选择非竞争单抗组合并建立NS1捕获法ELISA。结果获得7株高滴度抗NS1单抗,捕获法ELISA可以检出10ng/mL NS1。原核表达登革病毒NS1蛋白制备的单抗可以和天然病毒抗原反应,NS1捕获法ELISA可以用于登革病毒感染检测。     

Production and Evaluation of Monoclonal Antibodies for the Detection of Pythium sulcatum in Soil

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were raised against surface antigens from Pythium sulcatum. The immunogens were prepared from salt extractable cell wall protein to produce monoclonal antibodies. The MAbs showed high specificity to seven P. sulcatum isolates among 26 species of soil‐borne fungi. Weak cross‐reactivities were observed with Pythium aristosporum, Pythium myriotylum, and Pythium zingiberum in indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), but no reaction was obtained in Western blot analysis. The MAbs recognized glycoproteins in cell wall. Pythium sulcatum was detected in naturally infected carrot tissues and soil using indirect competition ELISA.     

Three Antigenic Regions in p17 of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Revealed by Mouse Monoclonal Antibodies and Human Antibodies in HIV-1 Carrier Sera

We investigated the murine antibody response to recombinant p17 (rp17) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and the human antibody response directed to p17 in HIV-1 infection. Three large peptides covering residues 12-29, 53-87 and 87-115 of p17 were synthesized. The cysteine residues 57 and 87 of peptide 53-87 were reoxidized to form a disulfide bridge. Eighteen out of 19 murine monoclonal anti-rp17 antibodies had relatively high affinities (K_A = 1.9 × 10⁵?1.4 × 10⁸ M^?1) with one of the 3 p17 peptides in the liquid phase. Each monoclonal antibody reacted only with one particular peptide and had no reactivity with the other 2 p17 peptides. All the monoclonal antibodies reacted with rp17 in the liquid phase with a reasonable degree of affinity (K_A = 2.0 × 10⁵?1.8 × 10⁷ M^?1). Four HIV-1 carrier sera, which were positive in ELISA using rp17 as the antigen, reacted positively in an ELISA using 3 p17 peptides which were used to titrate murine monoclonal antibodies. Murine monoclonal antibodies having specificity for the 3 p17 peptides stained live HIV-1-infected cells by means of indirect membrane immunofluorescence, irrespective of their specificity. This suggests that the various portions of p17 (at least 3 regions of p17) were exposed on the surface of live infected cells, probably as short polypeptide chains.     

抗GPC3 C端抗体辅助杀伤肝癌细胞HepG2的活性检测及抗原表位鉴定

目的：检测制备的7株抗磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖3（GPC3）蛋白C端单克隆抗体是否具有辅助杀伤肝癌细胞的活性,并研究其识别的抗原表位。方法：用细胞增殖法检测制备的抗体是否具有抗体依赖细胞介导的细胞毒性（ADCC）活性;用生物信息软件分析GPC3蛋白C端（359～580残基）的结构及抗原特征,并据此将其分为4个截短片段,将克隆的各基因片段分别连接到原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1中,进行蛋白表达和纯化,用间接ELISA和Western印迹分析GPC3C端单克隆抗体的表位识别情况。结果与结论：制备的7株单克隆抗体对肝癌细胞HepG2均具有不同程度的辅助杀伤作用,其中5号单克隆抗体的辅助杀伤效果最好;表达并纯化了GPC3C端4个截短片段的重组蛋白;间接ELISA和Western印迹检测结果表明,7株抗体均特异性结合GPC3蛋白的473～525残基区段。     

专一识别脱落酸甲酯的单克隆抗体的制备与应用

专一识别２－顺（Ｓ）ＡＢＡ甲酯的单克隆抗体来源于以ＡＢＡ分子中的１－ＣＯＯＨ为偶联位点合成的免疫原。它与游离态ＡＢＡ和结合态ＡＢＡ葡萄糖酯的交叉反应仅分别为１％与３．５％,而与ＡＢＡ类似物,如２－顺－黄质醛、紫黄质以及ＡＢＡ的２－反式异构体和（Ｒ）－对映体则无交叉反应。利用该抗体建立的高度灵敏和精确的ＡＢＡｍｅ酶联免疫测定法,其检测线性范围为０．０４８～１．５２ｐｍｏｌ。通过ＡＢＡｍｅＥＬＩＳＡ和ＧＡ１＋３ＥＬＩＳＡ分析可知羊蹄叶片衰老与内源ＧＡ１＋３／ＡＢＡ比值的下降有关。     

基因工程链激酶(r—SK)纯化及其单克隆抗体制备和鉴定

采用Rotofor等电聚焦和分子筛技术纯化大肠杆菌表达的重组链激酶(r—SK),其纯度为97%。比活性1×10⁶IU／mg,回收率41％。分析所纯化的r—SK　N端氨基酸顺序证实其1—15个氨基酸顺序与SK基因的核苷酸顺序所示3联密码子一致。以纯化r—SK为抗原,通过杂交瘤技术构建了分泌抗r—SK单克隆抗体(McAb)杂交瘤细胞(4D11),该McAb属IgG1亚型．特异地作用于r-SK和C组口溶血性链球菌分泌的SK。用底物显色法测定该McAb可抑制SK对纤溶酶原的激活。Western blot法证实该McAb能识别分子量为16 250Da的r—SK的CNBr裂解片段。推测SK蛋白中第71残基至第237残基间的氨基酸顺序参与SK与纤溶酶原的结合。     

Cytotoxicity Induced by Monoclonal Antibody to α-Fetoprotein Coadministered with Spleen Cells of Nude Mice

This paper describes an attempt to effectively induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in nude mice. A monoclonal antibody against α-fetoprotein, 80G, coadministered with spleen cells from other nude mice bearing HuH-7N (xenograft of human hepatoma cell line, HuH-7) significantly suppressed the growth of HuH-7N as compared to treatment with 80G alone. 80G with spleen cells from normal nude mice also had some suppressive effect. In contrast, no effect was observed with each spleen cells alone as well as 80G alone. These results suggest that further supply of effector cells could enhance ADCC activity in nude mice.     

Poly-N-Acetyllactosamine Glycans of Cellular Glycoproteins: Predominance of Linear Chains in Mouse Neuroblastoma and Rat Pheochromocytoma Cell Lines

To study the properties of protein-bound oligosaccharides in neuronally differentiating cells, two model systems were used: murine N1E-115 and N-18 neuroblastoma cells inducible by serum starvation and rat PC12 pheochromocytoma cells inducible by nerve growth factor. Glycopeptides were prepared from cells metabolically labeled with [3H]glucosamine and analyzed by gel filtration. The properties of the high-molecular-weight glycopeptides were studied using enzymatic digestion with neuraminidase and endo-beta-galactosidase. In contrast to other cell lines analyzed, the neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma lines contained predominantly glycopeptides completely cleavable with endo-beta-galactosidase, which indicated that they were linear-type poly-N-acetyllactosamine glycans. The proportion of these linear chains in the high-molecular-weight fraction increased during neuronal differentiation in both cell systems. The linear nature of the glycans was also correlated with positive anti-i and negative anti-I reactivity of the cells in immunofluorescence microscopy. Specific cell surface labeling for poly-N-acetyllactosamine glycans and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed several glycoprotein components, some of which showed changes during neuronal differentiation. The high proportion of linear poly-N-acetyllactosamine chains in these neuronal cell lines and its increase during neuronal differentiation suggests that these glycans may be a characteristic feature of neuronal or neuronally differentiating cells.     

Development, Characterization and Future Prospects of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Spores of Glugea atherinae (Protozoa-Microsporidia-Fish Parasites)

ABSTRACT. Monoclonal antibodies against spores of Glugea atherinae were obtained after lymphocytic hybridization made from immunized mouse splenocytes. Screening using an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), revealed seven monoclonal antibodies with an intense but variable reaction with the spores of fish microsporidia, and a moderate reaction with those of an insect microsporidium (Nosema sp.). The reaction was weaker with spores of Encephalitozoon intestinalis found in HIV' patients. FITC and Dot Blot confirmed the majority of these results. After biotinylation of the seven antibodies, inhibition tests allowed the localization of two different recognition domains on the spores of Glugea atherinae . The multiple antigenic determinants and their probable polysaccharide nature seem to be in accord with the class IgM of the antibodies produced. This work confirms the potential of these antibodies for microsporidian taxonomy and diagnosis, especially the use of Mabs 12F9 and 12H5 for detection of spores in stools of HIV⁺ patients.     

Survey of Nonhuman Primates for Antibodies Reactive With Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Antigens and Susceptibility of Their Lymphocytes for Immortalization With EBV

The susceptibility to transformation with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the prevalence of antibodies reactive to EBV were examined in 43 primate species. In vitro EBV infection was revealed in lymphocytes from Old World monkeys, including patas monkeys and the colobines, as well as in lymphocytes from the apes. Antibodies reactive to EBV-early antigen/viral capsid antigen (EA/VCA) were detected in all the species of Old World monkeys and apes examined and in two out of seven species of New World monkeys.     

Tetrahydrobiopterin and Total Biopterin Content of Neuroblastoma (N1E-115, N2A) and Pheochromocytoma (PC-12) Clones and the Dependence of Catecholamine Synthesis on Tetrahydrobiopterin Concentration in PC-12 Cells

Tetrahydrobiopterin content was determined in several clonal cell lines by reversed-phase HPLC and subsequent electrochemical detection. The same chromatography system was used to determine the total biopterin (tetrahydrobiopterin and 7,8-dihydrobiopterin) by fluorescence detection. The catecholamine-producing clones neuroblastoma N1E-115 and pheochromocytoma PC-12 contained 96 and 60 ng tetrahydrobiopterin/mg protein, respectively. The corresponding amount for the neuroblastoma clone N2A was 36 ng/mg protein. The tetrahydrobiopterin content in C-6 glioma cells was below the limit of detection. The total biopterin is about 20% above the tetrahydrobiopterin content. Tetrahydrobiopterin and biopterin from the cells were identified by coelution with standard solutions and by potential-current relationship or emission and excitation spectra, respectively. Addition of 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine, an inhibitor of biopterin synthesis from GTP, to the culture medium of PC-12 cells resulted in a dose-dependent decrease of tetrahydrobiopterin and total biopterin content within 4 h, suggesting that the cells are capable of synthesising the biopterin which was found. A decrease in intracellular tetrahydrobiopterin levels by different concentrations of 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine reduces the cellular production of dihydroxyphenylalanine after inhibition of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, indicating that the concentration of tetrahydrobiopterin might be a limiting factor for catecholamine synthesis in catecholamine-producing cells.     

Expression Profile of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (CD106) in Inflammatory Foci using Rhenium-188 Labelled Monoclonal Antibody in Mice

Rhenium (Re)-188 is a generator (W-188/Re-188) produced high energy β-emitter suitable for radionuclide therapy (T_1/2 is 16.9 hrs and E_max 2.1 MeV (range 11 mm)). We have labelled monoclonal antibody (MAb) raised against vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) with Re-188 using glucoheptonate chelation technique and SnCl₂ as reducing agent. The labelling efficiency, free perrhenate and reduced Re were controlled with thin layer chromatography and the purification of Re-188-MoAbs was performed using gel filtration. Our results indicate that Re-188-labelled antibodies remain in vitro stable and the labelling purity is >90%. We also have applied these Re-188-MoAbs for detection of inflammatory disease in a mouse. The effective half-lives of organs of interest after an injection of Re-188-anti-VCAM1 were as follows: blood 5.2 hr, kidney 4.7 hr, and liver 9.6 hr. Re-188-anti-VCAM-1 was found to accumulate mainly in kidney and liver. One hour after the injection, the kidney contained in average as high as 12.5% and the liver 2.8 ID/g tissue. After 6 hr, the kidney contained 5.5% ID/g and the liver 2.6% ID/g. At 24 hr, the kidney uptake was 0.5% ID/g and the liver uptake 0.8 % ID/g, respectively. The inflamed foci, subcutaneous lesions in the footpad skin, were visualized using gamma camera. From the distribution data the upakes in the inflamed foci as follows: at 1 hr 2.18 (inflammation) and 1.72% ID/g (control), at 6 hr 1.42 (inflammation) and 0.85% ID/g (control), and at 24 hr 0.17 (inflammation) and 0.084% ID/g (control), respectively. Anti-VCAM-1 MAb showed better targeting as compared to control MoAbs in inflammation (caused by E. coli lipoplysaccaride). In conclusion, Re-188 is suitable for MAb labelling, and MAb against VCAM-1 may be used for detection of local inflammatory disease.