组蛋白去甲基化酶KDM3B结构、功能及其相关疾病研究进展

表观遗传学是研究在DNA序列不变的前提下,其他机制异常引起基因表达改变并可遗传的学科。组蛋白甲基化/去甲基化修饰是表观遗传学的重要调控机制之一,是甲基化酶和去甲基化酶动态相互作用的结果,其中H3K9的甲基化和去甲基化是近年来研究最深入的组蛋白修饰之一。组蛋白去甲基化酶KDM3B包含一个JmjC结构域,并具有固有的H3K9去甲基化活性,能够特异性去除H3K9me1/2甲基化修饰,调控基因转录、DNA损伤修复,参与细胞增殖、细胞凋亡、干细胞干性维持、肿瘤和遗传病发生发展等。该文就组蛋白去甲基化酶KDM3B的结构、作用机制、生物学功能及其成为一个临床研究和治疗的潜在药理学靶点的可能性作一综述。     

KDM4A的结构、功能及其在肿瘤中作用的研究进展

组蛋白甲基化是一种重要的表观遗传修饰,而赖氨酸特异性去甲基化酶4A(KDM4A,也称JMJD2A)能特异性催化组蛋白赖氨酸残基的去甲基化过程,从而调节染色质的结构和基因转录.近年来研究发现,KDM4A参与调控了细胞增殖、分化、发育、代谢等多种重要的生物学进程,其功能异常也和肿瘤等疾病的发生发展密切相关,成为未来肿瘤治疗...     

组蛋白去甲基化酶KDM7家族在脑疾病中研究进展

组蛋白去甲基化酶KDM7家族包括KDM7A、KDM7B、KDM7C三种蛋白,主要通过去除与转录沉默相关的特定组蛋白赖氨酸甲基化修饰,进而对基因转录发挥调控作用。目前,对KDM7家族的研究主要集中于其在神经分化、肿瘤发生发展等过程中的作用,而对其在脑神经疾病中的作用却知之甚少。本文从该蛋白家族表观遗传调控机制、结构生物学及其在脑神经疾病中的作用等方面进行了综述,以期为研究其在脑神经疾病中的功能机制提供参考,为理解脑神经疾病分子病理机制以及探索基于该机制的有效治疗靶点带来新的启示。     

组蛋白去甲基化酶KDM5A调控H3K4me3参与神经管畸形发生的分子机制

神经管畸形(NTDs)的病因与防治是出生缺陷领域研究的重点,叶酸可以预防神经管畸形但其机制不明。本文借助低叶酸细胞模型和低叶酸NTDs小鼠模型通过染色质免疫共沉淀、Cut&Tag等技术,探讨了组蛋白去甲基化酶lysine demethylase 5A(KDM5A)及其调控的下游组蛋白H3K4me3修饰在叶酸缺乏导致的NTDs发生中的潜在分子机制。结果显示,低叶酸的细胞模型中,qRT-PCR、Western印迹结果显示,KDM5A分子表达明显下降(P<0.05)。作为组蛋白H3K4me3调控的上游关键酶,进一步通过染色质免疫共沉淀ChIP、ChIP-qPCR实验证实,叶酸缺乏下组蛋白H3K4me3在神经发育基因Axin2和Atoh1基因启动子区富集增加(P<0.05)。通过构建KDM5A基因敲除细胞模型,借助Cut&Tag试验证实,KDM5A基因敲除后H3K4me3主要富集在神经发育基因上。最后在低叶酸导致的NTDs小鼠模型的脑组织中,RT-qPCR、Western印迹以及ChIP-qPCR实验显示,E9.5 d的NTDs胎鼠脑组织中KDM5A表达下降(P&l...     

丙型肝炎病毒NS5A基因在昆虫细胞中的表达及其分布研究

应用PCR方法从含有丙肝病毒全部非结构蛋白基因的质粒pBAC25中扩增出全长的NS5A基因DNA片段(约1.34kb),PCR扩增NS5A基因片段克隆到转移载体pBlueBacHisA中.重组转移质粒pBlueBacHis5A DNA与野生型杆状病毒(AcNPV)DNA共转染SF-9昆虫细胞,通过空斑纯化获得带有NS5A基因的重组病AcNS5A.对重组病毒基因组DNA进行酶切和PCR鉴定,证实HCV NS5A基因已插入重组病毒基因组中.AcNS5A感染SF-9细胞后,在细胞中表达出一条64kD的蛋白,用Western-blot分析,结果表明这种蛋白与抗HCV HS5A特异性抗体发生强烈反应,说明NS5A基因已在细胞中得到表达,应用免疫荧光技术与免疫组化技术进一步研究NS5A蛋白在昆虫细胞中不同时间的表达情况及其分布,结果表明,NS5A蛋白在AcNS5A重组病毒感染细胞24h后主要分布在细胞质膜上,而在48h后则同时分布于细胞质膜和细胞核内,在72h则完全布满整个细胞,我们认为NS5A蛋白定位于质膜和细胞核中,暗示着在病毒复制过程中NS5A蛋白可能参与病毒RNA在质膜上复制和细胞基因表达的调控.     

丙型肝炎病毒NS5A基因在昆虫细胞中的表达及其分布研究

应用PCR方法从含有丙肝病毒全部非结构蛋白基因的质粒pBAC25中扩增出全长的NS5A基因DNA片段（约1.34kb),PCR扩增NS5A基因片段克隆到转移载体plueBacHisA中。重组转移质粒pBlueBacHis5ADNA与野生型杆状病（AcNPV)DNA共转染SF-9昆虫细胞,通过空斑纯化获得带有NS5A基因的重组病AcNS5A,对重组病毒基因组DNA进行酶切和PCR鉴定,证实HCV NS5A基因已插入重组病毒基因组中,AcNS5A感染SF-9细胞后,在细胞中表达出一条64kD的蛋白,用Western-blot分析,结果表明这种蛋白与抗HVCHS5A特异性抗体发生强烈反应,说明NS5A基因已在细胞中得到表达,应用免疫荧光技术与免疫组化技术进一步研究NS5A蛋白在昆虫细胞中不同时间的表达情况及其分布,结果表明,NS5A蛋白在AcNS5A重组病毒感染细胞24h后主要分布在细胞质膜上,而在48h后则同时分布于细胞质膜和细胞核内,在72h则完全布满整个细胞,我们认为NS5A蛋白定位于质膜和细胞核中,暗示着在病毒复制过程中NS5A蛋白可能参与病毒RNA在质膜上复制和细胞基因表达的调控。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒ORF3蛋白40–91 aa是其细胞质定位的关键结构域

ORF3蛋白是猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)基因组编码的唯一的辅助蛋白,与病毒毒力相关。为确定PEDV ORF3细胞质定位信号,文中构建了系列PEDV DR13wt ORF3蛋白全长或截短肽重组表达载体,转染Vero细胞并利用激光共聚焦显微镜分析与EGFP融合表达的全长ORF3蛋白和其系列截短肽在细胞内的分布。结果表明,全长ORF3蛋白或所有包含2个跨膜域的40–91 aa基序的ORF3截短肽均只定位于细胞质中,而不包含40–91aa基序的ORF3截短肽分布于整个细胞中(细胞质和细胞核均有分布)。这表明40–91 aa是猪流行性腹泻病毒ORF3蛋白细胞质定位的关键结构域。PEDVORF3蛋白细胞质定位结构域的明确为进一步研究其细胞内转运和生物学功能提供了参考。     

组蛋白去甲基化酶在发育和再生医学的研究

表观遗传学调控在器官发育以及再生医学中是重要的研究内容,而组蛋白的甲基化修饰属于表观遗传学调控机制之一并且成为近年来研究的热点内容。处于不同甲基化状态下的组蛋白,能影响多种分子对其的识别和结合,在转录起始、转录效率和转录后加工等多个层面调控相关基因的表达。而哺乳动物的器官发育与细胞重编程都与基因选择性表达密切相关,因此组蛋白甲基化状态在基因选择性表达中扮演着重要角色。本文概述了组蛋白去甲基化酶的分类以及组蛋白不同甲基化状态下对于基因的表达的调控,同时总结了组蛋白去甲基化酶在维持胚胎干细胞的多分化潜能和IPS细胞重编程效率方面的作用以及组蛋白去甲基化酶基因的缺失与相关器官发育的影响。最后探讨了组蛋白甲基化修饰酶在推动发育生物学与再生医学研究进展方面的潜能。     

重组蛋白KDM4D对水牛成纤维细胞生长及组蛋白甲基化修饰的影响

本研究旨在探讨重组蛋白赖氨酸特异性去甲基化酶4D(lysine K-specific demethylase 4D, KDM4D)对水牛成纤维细胞(buffalo fetal fibroblasts, BFFs)生长及组蛋白甲基化修饰的影响,为提高水牛体细胞重编程效率提供理论基础。首先,使用不同浓度的重组蛋白KDM4D处理BFFs,摸索出最适宜的处理浓度和处理时间。其次,采用实时定量PCR技术和EdU方法检测重组蛋白KDM4D对BFFs增殖凋亡的影响。最后,使用细胞免疫荧光和Western blot对组蛋白H3第9位赖氨酸三甲基化(histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation, H3K9me3)修饰水平和异染色质蛋白1α(heterochromatin protein 1α,HP1α)基因的表达水平进行检测。结果发现,适宜浓度的重组蛋白KDM4D(0.10μg/mL)处理36 h对BFFs形态无明显影响,可以显著提高细胞活力(P<0.05)。实时定量PCR分析结果显示,与对照组相比,重组蛋白KDM4D可以显著提高细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶4(cyclin dep...     

组蛋白H3K27去甲基化酶与肿瘤发生

组蛋白甲基化是一种重要的表观遗传学修饰,在基因表达调节方面发挥着重要的作用.组蛋白H3赖氨酸27三甲基化（H3K27me3）是一种抑制性组蛋白标记,可被去甲基化酶UTX和JMJD3催化而移去甲基.UTX和JMJD3通过激活HOX基因而参与细胞分化和多能细胞抑制过程.在多种肿瘤中检测到UTX和JMJD3突变或表达下降,同时多种基因启动子区H3K27me3含量增多.UTX和JMJD3均被看作肿瘤抑制基因,其中UTX调节了RB依赖的细胞命运控制,而JMJD3通过激活INK4b-ARF-INK4a位点而参与了癌基因诱导的衰老.组蛋白H3K27去甲基化酶与肿瘤发生的研究使我们对癌症发展过程有了更好的理解,同时也为癌症诊断和治疗提供了新靶点.     

Sumoylation of the histone demethylase KDM4A is required for binding to tumor suppressor p53 in HCT116 colon cancer cell lines

The histone demethylase lysine-specific demethylase 4A (KDM4A/Jmjd2A) has diverse functions, including involvement in gene regulation and cell cycle, and plays an oncogenic role in cancer cells. The modulation of KDM4A through post-translational modifications remains unclear. Here, we show that small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) 1-mediated modification of KDM4A was required for interaction with tumor suppressor p53. Our data revealed that KDM4A is mainly sumoylated at lysine residue 471. However, the SUMO modification resulted in little change in subcellular localization, demethylase activity, or protein stability of KMD4A. Intriguingly, co-immunoprecipitation data revealed that sumoylation-defective mutants of KDM4A had a lower binding ability with p53 compared to that of wild-type KDM4A, suggesting a positive role for sumoylation in the interaction between KDM4A and p53. Together, these data suggest that KDM4A is post-translationally modified by SUMO, and this sumoylation may be a novel regulatory switch for controlling the interplay between KDM4A and p53.     

Depletion of histone demethylase KDM2A inhibited cell proliferation of stem cells from apical papilla by de-repression of p15INK4B and p27Kip1

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a reliable resource for tissue regeneration; although, the molecular mechanisms of their differentiation and proliferation are not clearly understood, which restricts the applications of MSCs. The histone demethylase, lysine (K)-specific demethylase 2A (KDM2A), and the mammalian paralog, lysine (K)-specific demethylase 2B (KDM2B), are evolutionarily conserved and ubiquitously expressed members of the JmjC-domain-containing histone demethylase family. A previous study determined that KDM2A and KDM2B can regulate the differentiation of MSCs, and KDM2B has been implicated in cell cycle regulation by de-repressing p15^INK4B (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B). It is not known whether KDM2A is involved in the cell proliferation of MSCs. Here, we show that depletion of KDM2A by short hairpin RNAs can inhibit cell proliferation and arrest cell cycle progression at the G1/S-phase in human stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs). The effect of KDM2A on cell proliferation was found to be mediated through de-repression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p15^INK4B and p27^Kip1 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B), in KDM2A knock-down SCAPs. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that silencing of KDM2A increased histone H3 Lysine 4 (H3K4) trimethylation at the p15^INK4B and p27^Kip1 loci and regulated its expression. Together, our results indicate that KDM2A is a H3K4 demethylase that regulates cell proliferation through p15^INK4B and p27^Kip1 in SCAPs.     

HP1a targets the Drosophila KDM4A demethylase to a subset of heterochromatic genes to regulate H3K36me3 levels

The KDM4 subfamily of JmjC domain-containing demethylases mediates demethylation of histone H3K36me3/me2 and H3K9me3/me2. Several studies have shown that human and yeast KDM4 proteins bind to specific gene promoters and regulate gene expression. However, the genome-wide distribution of KDM4 proteins and the mechanism of genomic-targeting remain elusive. We have previously identified Drosophila KDM4A (dKDM4A) as a histone H3K36me3 demethylase that directly interacts with HP1a. Here, we performed H3K36me3 ChIP-chip analysis in wild type and dkdm4a mutant embryos to identify genes regulated by dKDM4A demethylase activity in vivo. A subset of heterochromatic genes that show increased H3K36me3 levels in dkdm4a mutant embryos overlap with HP1a target genes. More importantly, binding to HP1a is required for dKDM4A-mediated H3K36me3 demethylation at a subset of heterochromatic genes. Collectively, these results show that HP1a functions to target the H3K36 demethylase dKDM4A to heterochromatic genes in Drosophila.     

PELP1 is a reader of histone H3 methylation that facilitates oestrogen receptor‐α target gene activation by regulating lysine demethylase 1 specificity

Histone methylation has a key role in oestrogen receptor (ERα)‐mediated transactivation of genes. Proline glutamic acid and leucine‐rich protein 1 (PELP1) is a new proto‐oncogene that functions as an ERα co‐regulator. In this study, we identified histone lysine demethylase, KDM1, as a new PELP1‐interacting protein. These proteins, PELP1 and KDM1, were both recruited to ERα target genes, and PELP1 depletion affected the dimethyl histone modifications at ERα target genes. Dimethyl‐modified histones H3K4 and H3K9 are recognized by PELP1, and PELP1 alters the substrate specificity of KDM1 from H3K4 to H3K9. Effective demethylation of dimethyl H3K9 by KDM1 requires a KDM1–ERα–PELP1 functional complex. These results suggest that PELP1 is a reader of H3 methylation marks and has a crucial role in modulating the histone code at the ERα target genes.