应激安散对早期断奶仔兔生产性能和腹泻率的影响

为了探讨纯中药制剂应激安散对早期断奶仔兔生产性能和腹泻率的影响,选用30±2日龄体重相近的断奶仔兔120只,随机分为4个处理组进行试验。本试验结果显示,YJA-Z组和YJA-G组可显著提高断奶仔兔的平均日增重、平均日采食量,降低料重比,表明应激安散能够有效抵抗断奶应激对仔兔造成的伤害,显著促进其生长。     

刺五加提取物对早期断奶仔猪生长性能和血清生化参数的影响

早期断奶会使仔猪产生心理、环境和营养应激反应,引起仔猪腹泻、营养不良和生长迟滞等。本试验通过在日粮中添加刺五加提取物,饲喂21日龄断奶仔猪,观察其生长性能、腹泻指数、器官指数和血清生化参数等指标的变化,为开发绿色防病促生长剂提供理论依据。结果表明,刺五加提取物能够显著提高早期断奶仔猪的平均日采食量和平均日增重(P<0.05),降低料肉比,显著防治早期断奶仔猪腹泻(P<0.05),其作用强于粘杆菌素;刺五加提取物组第1周的α-淀粉酶、谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活性均大于对照组(P>0.05),第2周的尿素氮含量极显著大于抗生素组和对照组(P<0.01),碱性磷酸酶活性显著小于对照组(P<0.05),第4周的α-淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性显著大于对照组(P<0.05)。上述结果提示,刺五加提取物能够缓解仔猪的早期断奶应激,增强机体抵抗力,促进生长。     

小肽营养素对断奶仔猪生产性能及血液生化指标的影响

本试验将40头21 d断奶的三元杂交猪随机分为4组,用4组不同日粮组成及营养水平的饲料(I:基础日粮+2%喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉(SDPP);Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组分别在基础日粮中添加1%,2%和3%小肽营养素)饲养21 d后称重、测定血液生化指标并进行统计分析.结果表明:添加小肽营养素对断奶仔猪的生产性能无显著影响;各处理组的血清总蛋白、血糖和血清尿素差异不显著,2%小肽组的球蛋白、免疫球蛋白含量显著高于其它组;小肽产品可以部分等蛋白取代断奶仔猪日粮中的血浆蛋白粉.通过了解小肽营养素替代喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉对21 d断奶仔猪的生产性能和血液生化指标的影响,为肽类产品在断奶仔猪日粮中的应用提供了依据.     

刺五加提取物对早期断奶仔猪生长性能和抗氧化能力的影响(英文)

为了研究刺五加提取物(ASE)替代抗生素降低仔猪早期断奶应激的效果及其作用机制.刺五加提取物多糖、黄酮和有机酸含量分别为2.94,0.19和1.04%;试验选用96头体重相近的21日龄杜×长×大断奶仔猪,按体重和性别随机分为3个处理,每个处理4个重复,分别饲喂基础日粮、添加ASE日粮(1 g/kg)和添加抗生素日粮(0.04%杆菌肽锌+0.03%咔吧氧).试验期为14 d,观察仔猪生长性能,测定7和14 d血清抗氧化指标等的变化.与基础日粮组相比,ASE和抗生素分别提高了仔猪日增重(ADG)16.81(P＞0.05)和24.66%(P＜0.05),均显著降低了料肉比(F/G)(P＜0.05);与抗生素组差异不显著.ASE和抗生素均可提高血清SOD水平;但是,在抗生素组中,第14 d仔猪血清SOD有降低的趋势(从147.96±15.88 U/mL降低至125.68±14.26U/mL).ASE有提高断奶后第7和14 d血清GSH含量的趋势(P=0.235和0.211),并极显著降低了7和14 d血清MDA水平(P＜0.05).结果表明,ASE可促进仔猪生长,提高机体抗氧化能力,在一定程度上可以替代抗生素.     

不同组配的蜜蜂信息素对西方蜜蜂的蜂蜜生产及繁殖性能影响

为了探究不同组配的蜜蜂信息素对西方蜜蜂Apis mellifera蜂蜜生产及繁殖性能的影响。本研究在不同浓度（0.05 μg/μL、0.10 μg/μL和0.15 μg/μL）反式-9-氧代-2-癸烯酸\[(E)-9-oxodec-2-enoicacid,9-ODA\]对工蜂卵黄原蛋白基因（Vg）表达影响基础上,以蜂蜡为载体,用4种蜂王上颚腺信息素（9-ODA,9-HDA,HOB,HVA）与蜜蜂幼虫饥饿信息素（β-罗勒烯）按照一定比例组配了4种蜜蜂信息素挂片（T1-1、T1-2、T2-1、T2-2）,同时以纯蜂蜡挂片作为空白对照组（CK）。系统研究了4种蜜蜂信息素挂片对西方蜜蜂无王群急造王台以及有王群的蜂蜜产量、封盖子数和群势影响。结果表明：人工饲喂0.05 μg/μL、0.10 μg/μL和0.15 μg/μL的9-ODA,对工蜂Vg表达水平具有显著抑制作用（P<0.05）;与对照组相比,4个实验组（T1-1、T1-2、T2-1和T2-2组）出现封盖王台的时间均有显著延迟（P<0.05）,推迟时间2~3 d;T2-1组蜂蜜产量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,蜂蜜产量提高24.00%;T1-2组、T2-1组和T2-2组封盖子数量都显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,分别提高84.52%、64.50%和80.09%;T1-2组和T2-1组蜂群群势显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,分别提高了53.37%和50.85%。因此不同组配的蜜蜂信息素对西方蜜蜂蜂蜜生产及繁殖性能都起到了积极作用,相关研究结果对养蜂生产中合理利用蜜蜂信息素有指导意义。     

中药超微粉对早期断奶仔猪白细胞分类和抗氧化功能的影响

为了研制高效、安全、无污染的抗生素替代物作为断奶仔猪饲料添加剂,本研究观察了中药超微粉对21日龄断奶仔猪外周血白细胞分类和血清抗氧化功能的影响。结果表明,D7时,超微粉组MDA含量显著小于抗生素组和对照组(P<0.05),NO含量显著小于对照组(P<0.05);D14时,超微粉组NO含量显著大于抗生素组和对照组(P<0.05);D28时,超微粉组NEU计数和百分率及MON百分率均显著小于、LYM百分率显著大于对照组(P<0.05),N/L小于抗生素组(P>0.05)、显著小于对照组(P<0.05),SOD活性显著大于抗生素组和对照组(P<0.05),GSH活性显著大于对照组(P<0.05)。上述指标的变化,与该超微粉对断奶仔猪的防病促生长作用有一定联系。     

冻干胡蜂蜂蛹对果蝇寿命和繁殖性能的影响

本实验通过研究胡蜂蜂蛹冻干品对果蝇寿命和繁殖力的影响,证明胡蜂蜂蛹具有延缓衰老和增强繁殖性能的作用。采用乙醚麻醉法,收集8h（小时）内羽化的成虫,选择个体大小相近的雌雄果蝇,在不同浓度的培养基中饲养,每两天观察统计一次果蝇死亡数,直到全部死亡。结果表明,雌雄果蝇在5．0％实验组与对照组的平均寿命比较均具有极显著差异性（P〈0．01）,雌雄果蝇在0．2％和1．0％实验组与对照组比较平均寿命差异性显著（P〈0．05）,由此可见胡蜂蜂蛹可延长果蝇平均寿命;0．2％,1．0％组的果蝇子代数显著高于对照组果蝇子代数（P〈0．05）,5．0％组果蝇子代数极显著高于对照组果蝇子代数（P〈0．01）,由此可见冻干胡蜂蜂蛹可增强果蝇的繁殖能力。     

菊粉和刺五加提取物对早期断奶仔猪生长性能、血液指标和肠道形态的影响

试验选用120头21日龄5.64kg左右的三元杂交断奶仔猪,分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组)、基础日粮+抗生素(抗生素组)和基础日粮+5%菊粉+0.1%刺五加提取物(实验组),试验期为14d,观察日粮中复合添加菊粉和刺五加(AS)提取物对早期断奶仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标和肠道形态的影响。试验结果表明,实验组与对照组相比,仔猪日增重(ADG)显著提高(P0.05),而料肉比(F/G)则显著降低(P0.05),但平均日采食量(ADFI)差异不显著(P0.05);实验组仔猪血清中血糖(GLU)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和尿素氮(BUN)与对照组差异不显著(P0.05),但试验第14d,碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)浓度均显著高于对照组(P0.05);实验组仔猪十二指肠和回肠的隐窝深度显著高于对照组(P0.05),空肠和回肠的绒毛高度显著高于对照组(P0.05)。试验显示,日粮中添加菊粉和刺五加提取物对提高早期断奶仔猪的生长性能、改善小肠消化和吸收功能有重要作用。     

西藏牦牛血液酶活性与生产性能的相关性研究

测定了 2 8头西藏牦牛血液中 6种酶的活性 ,探讨了 6种酶活性与生产性能的关系。相关分析表明 ,LDH活性与产奶量、CAT活性与腹毛长呈极显著的正相关 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,AKP活性与体重、Amy活性与体重呈显著正相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,SOD活性与体重呈显著负相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。逐步回归分析表明 ,可以用LDH活性预测牦牛产奶量 ,用AKP、CAT、Amy 3种酶活性预测牦牛体重 ,用CAT、Amy活性预测牦牛腹毛长。因此 ,有望将LDH、AKP、CAT和Amy等酶活性作为生化遗传标记应用于牦牛产奶量、体重、腹毛长的选择中     

Research Note: Postnatal Development of Electrolyte Transport in Calf Rumen as Affected by Weaning Time

In a previous study we found a positive correlation between early weaning in calves and morphological parameters which were indicative of ruminal development, i.e. the length and width of the papillae. The objective of the present study was to determine to what extent this observation could be reflected by modulations of absorptive and secretory functions of the rumen mucosa. For this purpose the short-circuit currents (I sc ) as a measure of electrogenic net ion fluxes and the transepithelial conductances (G T ) as a measure of the overall tissue permeability were measured in vitro applying the Ussing-chamber technique. Simultaneously, the unidirectional flux rates of sodium and chloride across rumen wall epithelia were determined in the absence of electrochemical gradients. Under these conditions, significant positive net flux rates (J net ) clearly indicate active mechanisms for electrolyte absorption. For the experiments 12 male Holstein calves 7d of age were assigned to three groups of 4 animals each: milk group (I, slaughtered after 6 weeks of age), late weaning group (II, slaughtered after 9 weeks of age) and early weaning group (II, weaned after 6 weeks of age and slaughtered after 9 weeks of age). Whereas G T values remained unaffected by different age and feeding, I sc values were significantly affected by early weaning but were not influenced by age. Irrespective of weaning time active absorption of Na + tended to be higher by about 60% in 9 weeks old animals. Active absorption of chloride was significantly increased in milk fed 9 weeke old calves and this effect was further stimulated by early weaning. In conclusion, the data show an increasing active Na + absorption with age in calf rumen that could not be influenced by early weaning. Similarly, active Cl m absorption was initially increased during postnatal development and this effect could be stimulated further by early weaning.     

封闭群FMMU白化豚鼠繁殖性能与生长发育的初步观察

对本室培育的封闭群ＦＭＭＵ白化豚鼠的繁殖性能和生长发育情况进行初步观察,结果表明：ＦＭＭＵ白化豚鼠系三色豚鼠的变异株（种）,由于严格采用循环交配的封闭群繁育方法,其产仔数、泌乳力、哺乳期增重等繁殖性能和生长发育指标仍维持较高水平,和三色豚鼠相接近。有关繁殖性能指标为：胎间隔８．６７±１７．４／ｄ、窝产仔数２．８９±０．６６／只、初生个体重８６．３９±１０．１７／ｇ,泌乳力４０２．１±４８．３２／ｇ、离乳数为２．６８±０．４１,离乳率为９０．７１±１２．７１％,离乳个体重为１７８．６５±２６．６８／ｇ。３、９、１５、２０日龄豚鼠个体重分别为８８．７６±１０．８１／ｇ、１２３．１８±１２．５５／ｇ、１６３．４１±２１．１３／ｇ、１７５．３６±２２．１７／ｇ;雌性豚鼠个体重分别为９０．３７±１３．７２／ｇ、１３０．７４±２２．１８／ｇ、１６９．７９±２７．８２／ｇ、１７９．９８±２８．１２／ｇ。     

虫草培养基添加剂对Wistar大鼠生长发育和繁殖性能的影响

目的探讨虫草培养基添加剂对Wistar大鼠生长发育和繁殖性能的影响。方法将虫草培养基添加在正常大鼠饲料中进行大鼠喂养试验,观察Wistar大鼠的生长发育和交配以及产仔情况进行统计分析。取大鼠卵巢和睾丸组织进行病理组织学观察。结果虫草培养基添加剂饲喂大鼠后,大鼠增重缓慢,雄性大鼠的饲料利用率有所增加,大鼠交配成功率和窝产仔数基本与对照组没有差异,大鼠卵巢和睾丸组织未受到器质性显微损伤。结论虫草培养基添加剂对大鼠生长发育和繁殖性能无特殊影响。     

Fmr1基因敲除对小鼠生理发育和繁殖性能的影响

目的对清洁级FVB.KO和FVB的生理发育指标和繁殖性能进行分析比较,探讨Fmr1基因敲除对小鼠生理发育和繁殖性能的影响。方法挑选10周龄清洁级FVB.KO和FVB各20只（雌雄各半）,采取1∶1同居,全部同胞兄妹近交繁殖,测定新生仔鼠生理发育指标和品系繁殖性能。结果 FVB.KO在耳廓分离、体毛长出、门齿萌发、眼睑开裂等生理发育指标上和FVB比较接近,在平均每窝产仔数和离乳率等方面偏低,在雌雄比例上有显著差异。结论 Fmr1基因敲除对小鼠生理发育和繁殖性能影响较小,对后代雌雄比例可能有一定的影响。     

饰纹姬蛙的两性异形及雌性繁殖能力

用采自云南省西双版纳傣族自治州勐腊县的53只(28♂♂,25♀♀)成体饰纹姬蛙(Microhyla fissipes),测量全部个体的体长、头长、头宽、体重等16项形态特征和雌体怀卵量数据,通过独立样本t检验和协方差检验该物种所有形态特征的两性差异,进而采用线性回归方法分析雌雄成体局部形态特征与体长的相关性,以及雌性成体怀卵量与局部形态特征的相关性。结果表明,饰纹姬蛙平均体长雌性为(25.08±0.40)mm,雄性为(24.78±0.31)mm,体长和体重在雌雄两性间差异不显著(P> 0.05),两性个体大小基本同形。该蛙的所有局部形态特征与体长均存在极显著正相关性(P <0.01);雌雄两性间只在头宽和前臂及手长这两个形态特征上存在显著差异(P <0.05),且随体长的增大其生长速率也存在显著差异。雌性成体的怀卵量与体长、体重、眼间距、前臂宽、胫宽和跗足长均存在显著正相关性(P <0.05),且与体重存在极显著正相关性(P <0.01)。分析认为,饰纹姬蛙成体两性异形主要表现在头宽和前臂及手长,与生存竞争中对食物的获取能力及雄性争夺交配权的成功率有关;而...     

海陆蛙的两性异形和雌性繁殖特征

用采自海南东寨港红树林保护区的58只(35 ♀♀,23 ♂♂)成体海陆蛙(Fejervarya cancrivora),通过测量头体长、体重、头长、头宽、吻长等11个形态特征指标和雌体卵巢质量(窝卵重),研究该种形态特征的两性异形和雌性繁殖特征,并检验雌性成体大小(头体长和体重)与其繁殖的相关性.雌雄两性个体的最小头体长分别为44.9 mm和45.2 mm.除吻长和眼间距外,其余局部形态特征与头体长皆呈正相关性.头体长在雌雄两性之间差异显著,雌性显著大于雄性;而体重、头长、头宽等局部形态均无两性差异.海陆蛙雌体的窝卵重与头体长和体重之间皆成正相关关系,表明雌性可能是通过增大体型从而增加繁殖输出,而向较大体型发展.     

Weaning distress in dairy calves: Effects of alternative weaning procedures

The aims of this study were to describe the behavioural responses to weaning from milk in dairy calves, and to compare responses when calves were either weaned abruptly (removal of the milk-feeding system; n = 8 calves) or by substituting warm water for milk in the milk-feeding apparatus for the first 2 days after weaning (n = 8 calves). Calves provided water through the milk-feeding system after weaning seemed to substitute one liquid for the other; calves consumed approximately the same quantity of warm water after weaning (8 kg/day) as they had consumed milk before weaning (9 kg/day). All calves vocalized at weaning, but abruptly weaned calves vocalized at more than three times the rate of calves provided water through the milk-feeding system. On the third day after weaning, when neither treatment group had access to the milk-feeding system, the call rate was similar in the two treatment groups. The abruptly weaned calves were also more active at weaning, as indicated by an increased number of standing bouts compared to calves with continued access to the milk-feeding apparatus. The reduced response to weaning by the calves with continued access to the feeding routine may be due to the gut fill associated with the water intake or to other rewarding properties of the system (e.g. allowing calves to suck on a teat). In conclusion, dairy calves show a strong behavioural response to weaning, but providing calves continued access to the milk-feeding apparatus for 2 days after weaning reduces this response.     

Two Angiosperm Reproductive Organs from the Early Cretaceous of China

Two fossil reproductive organs of early angiosperms were collected from the Yanji Basin, Jilin Province of China. The assemblage of fossil plants consist mainly of pteridophytes, gymnosperms and a few angiospoermms. The present paper only reports the two reproductive organs of angiosperms. They are Archimagnolia rostrato-stylosa gen.et sp. nov., Eucommioites orientalis sp.nov. The first is a slightly elongated floral axis(receptacle), with about 20 carpels helically arranged. The carpels are free from each other and attenuated into a beak-like structure at the apex, with the base inserted into the receptacle. A comparison with living plants indicated its close relationship with some members of the Magnoliaceae. The second is a samara, similar to a fruit of the genus Eucommia, narrow-oblong, 2-lobed at the apex with the lobes stigmatic on theinner side. The seed is situated at the middle of fruit, oblong in shape.     

Reproductive performance of Farafra ewes in the subtropics

The present study was carried out to assess the reproductive performance of Farafra ewes—a breed with potential economic importance in the subtropics. A total of 262 ewes were categorized according to age, parity, and postpartum interval. Ewes were introduced for breeding in fall, winter and late spring seasons. Fertility, prolificacy, lamb birth weight, and ultrasonic fetal parameters were recorded. Results obtained showed that litter size was increased with age and parity. Lamb birth weight was affected by season. None of the parameters studied had a clear-cut effect on fertility. However, an interaction between season and parity was detected. Measurement of fetal size in the first half of gestation did not predict birth weight. The obtained data represents the first record of the reproductive performance of Farafra ewes in the subtropics, which could be used to anticipate their performance in different seasons.