PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路及其在卵巢癌治疗中的应用

卵巢癌是女性生殖系统常见的恶性肿瘤,发病率居于妇科恶性肿瘤第三位,死亡率居于妇科恶性肿瘤之首。目前对卵巢癌的标准治疗包括肿瘤细胞减灭术及卡铂和紫杉醇的联合化疗。PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路在卵巢癌的细胞增殖、侵袭、细胞周期进展、血管生成及耐药中发挥重要作用,是卵巢癌中最常发生改变的细胞内途径。本文对PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路及其在卵巢癌增殖和进展中的影响、PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路抑制剂在卵巢癌中的治疗应用做简要综述。     

PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路在骨肉瘤中的作用

骨肉瘤是儿童和青少年最常见的非血液病性骨恶性肿瘤.在骨肉瘤的发生机制中,PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路可通过调控细胞周期进程、抑制细胞凋亡、促进血管形成,进而参与骨肉瘤的增殖、侵袭和转移.在骨肉瘤组织和细胞中PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路常被异常激活,促进了骨肉瘤的快速发展.本文就PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号...     

miR-506与PI3K/AKT通路在自发性高血压大鼠心脏重构中的作用

目的:探讨mi R-506和PI3K/AKT信号通路在自发性高血压大鼠心脏重构中的作用。方法:将12只雄性自发性高血压大鼠(Spontaneous Hypertension Rat, SHR)随机分为2组,每组6只。分别为SHR模型组和治疗组(卡托普利,30 mg·kg~(-1)),6只健康WKY大鼠作为空白对照组。SHR模型组和空白对照组灌胃等体积生理盐水,连续给药8周,采用尾动脉测压法测定给药前后各组大鼠血压,采用qRT-PCR法检测各组大鼠心肌miR-506表达量,并检测大鼠心肌组织中SOD和GPx mRNA表达水平,免疫印迹检测大鼠心肌中p-PI3K和p-AKT的蛋白表达量。结果:SHR模型组血压为(184.79±3.35)mmHg,与空白对照组比较显著升高(P0.05),治疗组血压为(133.57±1.43)mm Hg,与SHR模型组相比均显著降低(P0.05)。SHR模型组大鼠心肌中mi R-506、SOD、GPx的RNA相对表达量分别为(0.36±0.05)、(0.27±0.04)和(0.32±0.02),与空白对照组比较显著降低(P0.05),而p-PI3K、p-AKT蛋白水平显著降低(P0.05),与SHR模型组比较,治疗组大鼠心肌中mi R-506以及SOD、GPx的RNA水平显著升高(P0.05),p-PI3K、p-AKT蛋白水平显著升高(P0.05)。结论:在卡托普利治疗高血压的过程中,mi R-506可能通过抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路提高机体的抗氧化能力促进SHR心脏重塑。     

Rab11a通过PI3K/AKT和Ras/MEK/ERK信号通路调节胰腺癌细胞凋亡和侵袭

目的:探究Rab11a在胰腺癌中的表达模式及其对肿瘤生长和转移的影响.方法:通过免疫组织化学法、RT-PCR和Western blot检测60例胰腺癌患者的癌组织和癌旁组织中Rab11a的表达.通过对人胰腺癌细胞系PANC1转染靶向Rab11a的小干扰RNA或过表达Rab11a的pcDNA3.1质粒考察Rab11a对细...     

PI3K/AKT信号通路与心力衰竭

丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶(serine/threonine kinase,AKT)是真核细胞中参与细胞信号转导的关键分子。目前已经证实PI3K(phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase,PI3K)/AKT信号通路在人类肿瘤、代谢紊乱、肾脏疾病以及精神障碍等疾病中发挥着重要的作用。近年来的研究还发现PI3K/AKT信号通路的激活会对心肌细胞的生长、代谢以及凋亡等活动产生影响,且该通路及其中的很多受体、激酶被证实与心力衰竭关系密切,这使该信号通路在心力衰竭的发病机制、诊断及治疗等方面的研究日益受到重视。总结PI3K/AKT的结构特点、相关信号转导机制及其与心力衰竭的关系将有利于更好地理解心力衰竭的发病机制。     

降糖3号方对肥胖小鼠糖脂代谢及PI3K/AKT信号通路的影响

目的:观察降糖3号方对肥胖模型小鼠的体重、血糖、血清胰岛素含量、糖耐量、血脂等指标的影响,并探讨其对骨骼肌PI3K/AKT信号通路的影响。方法:8周龄C57BL/6J小鼠采用高脂喂养12周的方式诱导肥胖模型,将成模小鼠随机分为模型对照组,二甲双胍组,降糖3号方组,同时以正常饲料喂养的小鼠作为正常对照,进行为期8周的药物干预。每2周测量小鼠的体重、空腹血糖;第7周末进行口服葡萄糖耐量实验。实验结束后进行取材,检测糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、胰岛素(Insulin)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平,免疫印迹法检测骨骼肌组织PI3K、AKT、GLUT4等蛋白的表达。结果:降糖3号方能明显减轻肥胖小鼠的体重(P 0.05);能明显降低肥胖小鼠空腹血糖,使之恢复正常水平(P0.05);降糖3号方组小鼠糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、胰岛素(INS)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)等指标显著低于模型组(P 0.05),且能有效改善实验动物的糖耐量(P 0.05)。蛋白印迹法检测结果表明,与模型组相比,降糖3号方可上调PI3K、AKT、GLUT4等蛋白表达水平(P 0.05)。结论:降糖3号方能够有效减轻肥胖小鼠体重,改善糖脂代谢,降低胰岛素水平,其作用可能是通过激活PI3K/AKT信号通路来实现。     

瑞香素通过抑制PI3K/AKT通路触发内质网应激抑制胃癌细胞活性

目的 探讨瑞香素（Daphnetin）对胃癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及其可能的作用机制。方法 将胃癌细胞HGC-27随机分为对照、低剂量（5μg/mL瑞香素）、中剂量（10μg/mL瑞香素）、高剂量（25μg/mL瑞香素）和高剂量+740Y-P(25μg/mL瑞香素+30μmol/L PI3K/Akt信号通路激活剂740Y-P)5组,药物处理48 h后分别采用CCK-8法、EdU实验、流式细胞术、TUNEL实验、蛋白免疫印记法检测细胞增殖、凋亡及相关蛋白表达水平。结果 瑞香素可剂量依赖性抑制HGC-27细胞增殖,诱导HGC-27细胞凋亡,增加内质网相关蛋白CHOP、ATF4、p-PERK、p-EIF2α的表达,降低p-PI3K、p-AKT蛋白表达水平;此外PI3K/Akt信号通路激活剂740Y-P可逆转瑞香素对HGC-27细胞增殖的抑制,并逆转瑞香素对HGC-27细胞内质网应激相关蛋白表达的促进作用。结论 瑞香素可能通过抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路触发内质网应激抑制细胞增殖,并诱导细胞凋亡而发挥其对胃癌的抑制作用。     

NEAT1通过PI3K/AKT/Bcl-2信号通路抑制骨质疏松

为探讨NEAT1在骨质疏松症中的作用以及可能的病理机制,本研究通过建立卵巢去势和鼠尾悬挂2种骨质疏松的小鼠模型,将C57BL/6分为假手术组(Sham组)、OVX组和TS组;经过PCR测定小鼠NEAT1的表达;Elisa法检测小鼠E2、ALP和TRACP水平;Western blotting检测细胞凋亡因子PI3K/AKT/Bcl-2的蛋白水平。结果显示,建模4周后,3组小鼠体重没有显著变化;与Sham组相比,OVX组和TS组小鼠的骨密度值显著降低,骨生化指标ALP和TRACR水平明显升高;OVX组小鼠的E2水平与Sham组相比明显降低;与Sham组相比,OVX组和TS组小鼠的NEAT1表达显著下调;与Sham组相比,OVX组和TS组小鼠p-AKT和Bcl-2蛋白水平明显降低。本研究结果表明,NEAT1可能通过抑制PI3K/AKT/Bcl-2细胞凋亡途径诱导骨质疏松。     

海参花抗氧化作用研究

目的：近年来关于天然活性成分的抗氧化特性研究越来越受到人们的关注,大量研究表明海参能通过抗氧化作用,减轻自由基对组织的损伤,提高机体免疫力。环磷酰胺可引起组织氧化损伤,导致卵巢早衰。为此,本文着重研究海参花对卵巢早衰（POF）小鼠的抗氧化作用。方法：选取健康雌性昆明小鼠80只,随机分为8组,每组10只,分别为正常组,模型组,海参花水提物低、高剂量组,海参花醇提物低、高剂量组,海参花冻干粉组和阳性药组。除正常组每天注射生理盐水外,其余各组每天注射环磷酰胺（28mg/kg）,连续5天,造成小鼠卵巢早衰、生殖系统紊乱。造模成功后,治疗组分别灌服海参花提取物和阳性药,正常组和模型组给予同体积蒸馏水。末次灌胃禁食,处死迅速解剖取出卵巢和子宫,低温下匀浆组织。测定各组小鼠卵巢及子宫组织中总蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性以及丙二醛（MDA）含量,并测定各组小鼠间子宫、卵巢、脾、胸腺脏器系数。结果：与模型组相比,海参花提取物能显著增加小鼠的子宫、卵巢、胸腺等脏器重量,升高卵巢及子宫组织中总蛋白含量、SOD活性、GSH-Px活性,并能降低MDA含量。结论：海参花提取物能改善环磷酰胺引起的卵巢和子宫氧化损伤,具有良好的抗氧化作用,为海参花的研究开发提供理论依据。     

海参花抗氧化作用研究(英文)

目的:近年来关于天然活性成分的抗氧化特性研究越来越受到人们的关注,大量研究表明海参能通过抗氧化作用,减轻自由基对组织的损伤,提高机体免疫力。环磷酰胺可引起组织氧化损伤,导致卵巢早衰。为此,本文着重研究海参花对卵巢早衰(POF)小鼠的抗氧化作用。方法:选取健康雌性昆明小鼠80只,随机分为8组,每组10只,分别为正常组,模型组,海参花水提物低、高剂量组,海参花醇提物低、高剂量组,海参花冻干粉组和阳性药组。除正常组每天注射生理盐水外,其余各组每天注射环磷酰胺(28mg/kg),连续5天,造成小鼠卵巢早衰、生殖系统紊乱。造模成功后,治疗组分别灌服海参花提取物和阳性药,正常组和模型组给予同体积蒸馏水。末次灌胃禁食,处死迅速解剖取出卵巢和子宫,低温下匀浆组织。测定各组小鼠卵巢及子宫组织中总蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量,并测定各组小鼠间子宫、卵巢、脾、胸腺脏器系数。结果:与模型组相比,海参花提取物能显著增加小鼠的子宫、卵巢、胸腺等脏器重量,升高卵巢及子宫组织中总蛋白含量、SOD活性、GSH-Px活性,并能降低MDA含量。结论:海参花提取物能改善环磷酰胺引起的卵巢和子宫氧化损伤,具有良好的抗氧化作用,为海参花的研究开发提供理论依据。     

Lycopene Protects Keratinocytes Against UVB Radiation‐Induced Carcinogenesis via Negative Regulation of FOXO3a Through the mTORC2/AKT Signaling Pathway

Lycopene, one of the most potent anti‐oxidants, has been reported to exhibit potent anti‐proliferative properties in a wide range of cancer cells through modulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis. Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3a) plays a pivotal role in modulating the expression of genes involved in cell death. Herein, we investigated the role of FOXO3a signaling in the anti‐cancer effects of lycopene. Results showed that lycopene pretreatment attenuated UVB‐induced cell hyper‐proliferation and promoted apoptosis, accompanied by decreased cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and CDK4 complex in both human keratinocytes and SKH‐1 hairless mice. FOXO3a is phosphorylated in response to UVB irradiation and sequestered in the cytoplasm, while lycopene pretreatment rescued this sensitization. Gene ablation of FOXO3a attenuated lycopene‐induced decrease in cell hyper‐proliferation, CDK2, and CDK4 complex, indicating a critical role of FOXO3a in the lycopene‐induced anti‐proliferative effect of keratinocytes during UVB irradiation. Transfection with FOXO3a siRNA inhibited the lycopene‐induced increase in cell apoptosis, BAX and cleaved PARP expression. Moreover, loss of AKT induced further accelerated lycopene‐induced FOXO3a dephosphorylation, while loss of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) by transfection with RICTOR siRNA induced levels of AKT phosphorylation comparable to those obtained with lycopene. In contrast, overexpression of AKT or mTORC2 decreased the effects of lycopene on the expression of FOXO3a as well as AKT phosphorylation, suggesting that lycopene depends on the negative modulation of mTORC2/AKT signaling. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the mTORC2/AKT/FOXO3a axis plays a critical role in the anti‐proliferative and pro‐apoptotic effects of lycopene in UVB‐induced photocarcinogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 366–377, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Iron overload threatens the growth of osteoblast cells via inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/FOXO3a/DUSP14 signaling pathway

Iron overload is a common stress in the development of cells. Growing evidence has indicated that iron overload is associated with osteoporosis. Therefore, enhancing the understanding of iron overload would benefit the development of novel approaches to the treatment of osteoporosis. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effect of iron overload on osteoblast cells, via the MC3T3-E1 cell line, and to explore its possible underlying molecular mechanisms. Ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) was utilized to simulate iron overload conditions in vitro. FAC-induced iron overload strongly suppressed proliferation of osteoblast cells and induced apoptosis. Moreover, iron overload strongly suppressed the expression of dual-specificity phosphatase 14 (DUSP14). Additionally, overexpression of DUSP14 protected osteoblast cells from the deleterious effects of iron overload, and this protective effect was mediated by FOXO3a. Additionally, matrine rescued the function of DUSP14 in osteoblast cells. Most importantly, our analysis demonstrated the essential role of the PI3K/AKT/FOXO3a/DUSP14 signaling pathway in the defense against iron overload in osteoblast cells. Overall, our results not only elucidate deleterious effects of iron overload, but also unveil its possible signaling pathway in osteoblast cells.     

上皮性卵巢癌中TFAP2A对hTERT表达的调节及其机制研究

摘要 目的：探讨在上皮性卵巢癌中TFA2A对hTERT表达的调节和作用机制。方法：采用免疫组织化学方法检测TFAP2A和hTERT蛋白在卵巢正常、交界及上皮性卵巢癌组织中的表达,采用Western Blot和qRT-PCR技术检测hTERT在敲减TFAP2A基因的SKOV3、CAOV3细胞中的表达水平、检测hTERT在过表达TFAP2A基因的HO8910细胞中的表达水平。在干扰TFAP2A的CAOV3细胞中或过表达TFAP2A的HO8910细胞中分别加入PI3K/AKT信号通路激动剂740-YP或抑制剂LY294002,检测相关蛋白表达变化,探讨TFAP2A、hTERT与PI3K/AKT信号通路的关系。结果：TFAP2A在71.88%的上皮性卵巢癌组织中呈高表达,hTERT在78.12%的上皮性卵巢癌组织中呈高表达; 将hTERT 和TFAP2A的免疫组化评分行Pearson相关性分析,两者间相关系数r=0.78,P＜0.001。Western Blot和qRT-PCR的结果均显示,在SKOV3和CAOV3卵巢癌细胞中,敲减TFAP2A后,hTERT的表达均明显下降,而在HO8910卵巢癌细胞中,增强TFAP2A基因表达后,hTERT的表达均明显上升。在CAOV3和HO8910处理细胞中,分别使用PI3K/AKT信号通路激动剂740-YP 或阻滞剂LY294002处理后,Western Blot 检验hTERT和PI3K/AKT通路蛋白的表达,发现激动剂740-YP 或阻滞剂LY294002可以逆转敲减或过表达TFAP2A引发的PI3K/AKT通路蛋白表达下调或上调,但不能逆转hTERT蛋白表达下调或上调。结论：在卵巢肿瘤组织中,TFAP2A和hTERT在上皮性卵巢癌组织中均呈高表达,且hTERT的表达和TFAP2A成正相关,在上皮性卵巢癌细胞中TFAP2A可调节hTERT的表达,且TFAP2A对hTERT的表达的调节不经由PI3K/AKT通路。     

(2E)-1-(2,4,6-Trimethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one,a Chalcone Derivative,Promotes Apoptosis by Suppressing RAS-ERK and AKT/FOXO3a Pathways in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

Background : Liver cancer is an extremely common cancer with the highest mortality rate and poor prognosis. Owing to their low systemic toxicity and few side effects, natural compounds may provide better therapeutic effects for patients. (2E)-1-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (TMOCC), a chalcone derivative, exhibits cytotoxicity towards many tumor cells. However, the anticancer mechanism of TMOCC has not been elucidated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods : Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays were used to evaluate the effects of TMOCC on viability and proliferation. Mitochondrial transmembrane potential and flow cytometry assays were used to detect apoptosis. The expression levels of proteins related to apoptosis, the RAS-ERK and AKT/FOXO3a signaling pathways were assessed using western blot. Potential targets of TMOCC were detected using molecular docking analysis. Results : TMOCC inhibited viability and proliferation, and induced the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, apoptosis and DNA double-strand breaks in both HCC cells. The RAS-ERK and AKT/FOXO3a signaling pathways were suppressed by TMOCC. Finally, ERK1, PARP-1, and BAX were identified as potential targets of TMOCC. Conclusion : Taken together, our results show that TMOCC promotes apoptosis by suppressing the RAS-ERK and AKT/FOXO3a signaling pathways. TMOCC may be a potential multi-target compound that is effective against liver cancer.     

机械牵拉诱导人RPE细胞IL-8分泌及其对PI3K/AKT 通路的影响

目的:视网膜脱离发生机制尚不明确,本文旨在研究机械应力牵拉后视网膜色素上皮细胞上清中IL-8分泌量的变化以及人其对RPE细胞PI3K/AKT通路变化影响。方法:培养人RPE细胞,应用Flex-cell细胞应力加载系统牵拉人RPE细胞不同时间(0h、1 h、3 h、6 h、9 h)建立不同牵拉时间的模型。分别标记为对照组、牵拉1 h组、牵拉3 h组、牵拉6 h组、牵拉9 h组。随后用ELISA方法检测人RPE细胞不同实验组上清中IL-8分泌量的变化。细胞免疫荧光和Western blot方法观察PI3K、PPI3K、T-AKT、P-AKT的表达。结果:随着牵拉时间的延长,ELISA方法检测人RPE细胞不同实验组上清中IL-8分泌量逐渐增加[924.79±5.92 pg/m L、947.73±5.34 pg/m L、974.53±5.74 pg/m L、979.57±1.12 pg/m L、1019.22±4.25 pg/m L],差异有统计学意义(F=166,p0.01),各牵拉组与对照组分别对比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。细胞中P-AKT蛋白表达增加[0.61±0.02、0.97±0.05、0.99±0.04、1.21±0.11、1.20±0.07],差异有统计学意义(F=41.24,p0.01),各牵拉组与对照组分别对比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),AKT表达未见明显变化。结论:机械应力牵拉人RPE细胞时,细胞上清中IL-8分泌量逐渐增加同时RPE细胞内PI3K/AKT通路明显激活,并与牵拉时间有关,为探究EMT原因和对防治PVR提供了理论基础。