SPF级小鼠超数排卵效果

目的探求小鼠周龄、品系和季节对SPF级小鼠超数排卵效果的影响。方法在春、夏、冬季对4～10周龄的SPF级BALB／c小鼠和KM小鼠进行超数排卵处理,通过见栓率、产胚率、3．5d胚胎获得量及胚胎类型等方面进行统计学分析。结果小鼠周龄、品系和季节对SPF级BALB／c小鼠和KM小鼠见栓率没有影响;对产胚率、3．5d胚胎获得量和胚胎类型等方面有一定影响。结论SPF级BALB／c小鼠宜用9、10周龄的进行超数排卵处理以供应3．5d胚胎为需要所用,而SPF级KM小鼠使用4～10周龄的都可以;另外,SPF级小鼠超数排卵处理仍宜在春、夏季进行,可以保证获得最佳的效果。     

小鼠超数排卵的实验方法

随着基因工程、发育生物学的发展 ,超数排卵技术应用于生物学的研究和生产养殖中 ,如何让这些应用性的实验充实教学内容、培养学生的实验动手能力 ,是值得探讨的问题。小鼠繁殖快、不受季节影响 ,是现代生物学中最好的实验材料 ,现将实验方法简述如下 :1　实验材料　材料 :5～ 6周龄的♀鼠。器具 :解剖镜、解剖针、培养皿、剪刀、镊子和注射器。药品 :孕马激素、HCG(人用绒毛膜促性腺激素 )、生理盐水。2　实验方法　选取 5～ 6周龄的健康♀鼠 ,在下午 4～5点时 ,每只小鼠注射 1m L孕马激素 (5单位 /m L) ,4 8h后每只小鼠再注射 HCG 1m …     

超数排卵常用的激素

人教版高中生物学选修3中提到超数排卵要用促性腺激素处理。简要介绍超数排卵常用的几种激素。     

小鼠发情周期卵泡发育动态及其对超数排卵的影响

该文探讨了小鼠发情周期中阴门状态、阴道脱落细胞类型变化规律、卵泡发育规律及其相互关系,并比较了发情周期不同阶段的超排效果。结果表明,采用阴门状态观察法和阴道脱落细胞涂片法,能有效判断小鼠发情周期阶段。卵巢组织切片观察结果表明,在发情周期不同阶段,小鼠的卵泡发育和黄体的生成与消退存在明显的规律性变化;小鼠发情周期中,其阴门状态、阴道脱落细胞种类及卵泡发育动态之间存在相关关系;发情周期不同阶段开始超排的小鼠,其配种见栓率和回收胚胎平均数均存在明显差异,发情前期显著优于发情后期与间情期(P<0.05),并高于发情期,但差异不显著(P>0.05),即阴门状态观察法与阴道脱落细胞涂片法均可用于小鼠发情周期阶段的判断,发情前期为最适宜的小鼠超排时期。     

孕马血清诱导猕猴超数排卵试验

1930年H.H.Cole等发现马妊娠期某一阶段血清内含有促性腺激素,其中激素之一就是促卵泡生成素。至今孕马血清在畜牧业上已被广泛地用于诱导排卵和增加多胎率。     

C57BL/6J小鼠超数排卵的研究

目的　确定C57BL 6J小鼠超排的最佳激素剂量和最合适的注射间隔时间 ,提高超排率。方法　 40只C57BL 6J雌鼠随机分为四组 ,分别用 5IU或 10IU的PMSG和HCG ,间隔 48h或 72h注射 ,比较排出卵母细胞的数量。结果　 5IU +5IU剂量的PMSG和HCG、间隔 48h注射组超排效果最好 ;8～ 10周龄雌鼠较 6～ 8周龄雌鼠超排效果好。结论　C57BL 6J小鼠超排的最佳激素剂量为 5IUPMSG +5IUHCG ,最合适的注射间隔时间为 48h ,处于繁殖期的雌鼠超排效果好。     

云南水牛的同期发情、超数排卵和胚胎移植试验

为探讨水牛胚胎移植的效果 ,于 2 0 0 2年对云南水牛进行了胚胎移植试验 :①用国产氯前列烯醇(PG) 0 6mg/头·次处理供、受体水牛的同期发情率和可用率分别为 4 3 33% (13/ 30 )和 16 6 7% (5 / 30 ) ;同期发情率经产水牛高于青年水牛 (P =0 0 86 ) ,杂交水牛高于德宏水牛 (P =0 15 3) ,体重 4 0 1～ 5 30kg水牛显著高于体重 30 0～ 4 0 0kg水牛 (P <0 0 5 ) ;发情明显水牛的可用率极显著高于发情不明显的水牛 (P <0 0 1)。②选用河流型摩拉水牛与沼泽型德宏水牛的杂交一代 5头为供体 ,分进口激素组 (n =2 )和国产激素组 (n =3)进行超数排卵 ,共有 2头获 9枚胚胎 ;进口激素组供体的平均获胚数和可移植胚数分别为 2 0枚和 1 5枚 ,比国产激素组分别多 0 33枚 (P =0 4 5 4 )和 1 17枚 (P =0 2 88)。③所获 4枚可用鲜胚分别移植 3头受体 ,结果 90d的妊娠率为 33 33% ,但最终无一头产犊。试验结果表明使用进口FSH 2 4mg +PG (Lutalyse○R) 35mg和国产FSH 11mg +PG 0 8mg对水牛超数排卵有效 ,同时提示需要足够数量的受体 ,从中选用发情表现明显、黄体发育良好的进行胚胎移植 ,才能取得良好效果。     

利用超数排卵方法高效获取小鼠休眠胚胎

目的为提高小鼠休眠胚胎的制备效率,尝试用超数排卵方法获取小鼠休眠胚胎。方法超排小鼠在注射孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)后,按照是否注射抗孕马血清(anti-PMSG serum或A-PMSG)以及注射的不同时间分为5组:在母鼠合笼前注射A-PMSG、在母鼠见栓后注射A-PMSG、在见栓第四天卵巢摘除手术后注射A-PMSG、不注射A-PMSG的超排组和不超排组。结果见栓后注射抗PMSG组的平均出胚数(9.4枚/只)最高,显著高于其他实验组。结论常规超排处理结合注射抗PMSG血清法能有效提高小鼠休眠胚胎的回收率。     

山羊超数排卵与胚胎移植技术的研究与应用

本研究于 2 0 0 0年 9月～ 2 0 0 3年 11月分别对 883只 (次 )波尔山羊、95只黑山羊、5 2只努比羊和 37只波黑杂交羊采用孕激素 FSH法进行超排处理 ,对 1190 0只受体黑山羊埋置CIDR或孕酮海绵栓并分别注射Folligon的方法进行同期发情处理 ,通过对不同品种、季节、年龄和重复超排对山羊超排反应的影响 ,胚胎分割、胚龄和黄体状况对移植妊娠率和产羔率的影响及不同孕激素制剂对同期发情效果的影响等因素进行分析 ,为山羊胚胎移植产业化提供理论和技术依据     

不同日龄小鼠超排、体外授精及二细胞胚胎移植的比较研究（摘报）

The development of oocytes, superovulated at 28, 56 and 112 days in three mice strains (ICR, B6C3F1, and C57BL/6J) with PMSG and HCG, were examined using the techniques of in vitro fertilization, culture, and transfer of these two-cell embryos to pseudopregnant recipients. The highest numbers of oocytes were obtained from superovulated 28-day-old mice in three strains. Approximately 90% of oocytes developed to the two-cell stage after in vitro fertilization, and about 50% became pregnant through the recipients. These results suggested that donor age at 28 days had prominent discrepancy with 56 and 112-day-old mice (P < 0.01) in oocytes superovulation, and no influence on the rate of insemination and pregnancy.     

黑白花牛INHA基因多态性与超数排卵性状关系

为了研究黑白花牛抑制素α基因(INHA)的遗传多样性和超数排卵效果的关联分析,找到一种能够作为黑白花牛超数排卵预测的候选基因,本试验以50头黑白花牛为实验材料,对其进行了超排处理并且采集了黑白花牛的血液样本提取基因组。采用PCR-SSCP技术,在INHA基因的第一外显子和第二外显子各设计了一对引物进行基因型检测,然后与超排性状进行关联分析。结果表明:黑白花牛INHA基因的177 bp处(+1为转录起始位点)存在一个A>G突变的多态性位点,AA和AG基因型的频率分别为0.62和0.38。与超排性状关联分析,结果显示AG基因型黑白花牛的排卵数和鲜胚数均显著多于AA基因型(p<0.05),这说明黑白花牛个体的超排性状可能与其本身的INHA基因的遗传特性有关。     

胚胎冷冻技术应用于抗菌肽转基因小鼠的保种传代

目的研究胚胎冷冻在抗菌肽转基因FVB小鼠保种传代中的应用。方法对6~8周正常雌性FVB小鼠进行超排分别与雄性杂合子抗菌肽转基因FVB小鼠交配,收集2-cell胚胎,进行胚胎冷冻。1周后进行胚胎复苏移植,通过PCR方法对仔代鉴定。结果冻存胚胎140枚,复苏获得存活胚胎98枚,移植85枚,产仔38只,获得阳性后代12只。结论通过胚胎冷冻技术保种及复苏移植技术可对抗菌肽转基因小鼠进行传代。     

超排兔排卵前后Graaf氏卵泡硷性碳酸酶的研究

本实验对超排兔排卵前后四个时期卵泡壁中硷性磷酸酶(A1pase)变化进行了系统研究。Alpase定位及变化因四个时期卵泡的不同生理状态而异,发情盛期,酶活性极强;排卵初期显著下降;排卵开始后15小时,酶活性回升;排卵开始后39小时,酶活性下降。     

黄芪对缺氧小鼠抗运动疲劳作用的效果研究

目的:黄芪是一种传统的提高身体各项机能的中药,本研究旨在探讨黄芪在高原缺氧环境下对运动小鼠疲劳缓解的效果.方法:雄性昆明种小鼠,随机分为对照组和黄芪高、中、低3个剂量组(30.0,3.0,1.0 g/kg),平原对照组在平原环境下饲养,缺氧小鼠在模拟5000m高原环境中饲养,每天灌胃给药,10d后在缺氧环境下进行游泳力竭实验,观察小鼠游泳力竭时间,同时检测血乳酸、血糖、肝糖原以及血清SOD活性和肝脏MDA等指标的变化.结果:与空白对照组比较,黄芪各剂量组可明显提高缺氧小鼠力竭游泳时间(P＜0.05),减少血乳酸曲线下面积(P＜0.05);黄芪高、中剂量组肝糖原显著增加(P＜0.05),力竭游泳后血糖明显升高(P＜0.05),SOD活性升高(P＜0.05),MDA降低(P＜0.05).结论:黄芪可显著缓解高原低氧小鼠的运动疲劳,具有明显的抗高原疲劳效果,具有进一步研究的价值.     

Superovulation of beef heifers with Pergonal (HMG): A dose response trial

A study was designed to establish a dose-response curve for Pergonal (Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin) and to compare its efficacy in inducing superovulation with commercial FSH-P. A recognized treatment schedule for HMG of two ampoules at 0, 12, 24 and 36 hours and one ampoule at 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 and 108 hours was considered to be our 100% effective dose level. Fifty mature cycling cross-bred beef heifers were superovulated on day 10 +/- 1 of their cycle. Treatment groups were HMG I (200% dose), HMG II (100% dose), HMG III )50% dose), HMG IV (25% dose) and FSH-P (total dose 32 mg). All groups received 500 ug of cloprostenol 72 hours after initiation of treatments. The heifers were observed for onset of estrus and inseminated at 12, 24 and 36 hours. All heifers were slaughtered on day 7 post-estrus and their reproductive tracts removed for processing. All heifers were bled once daily for progesterone estimation and four times daily for two days beginning 24 hours after cloprostenol injection, for luteinizing hormone and estradiol-17beta estimations. A dose response to HMG was demonstrated for number of corpora lutea and all classes of ova/embryos. HMG II (100% dose) closely approximated the optimum dose for superovulation. There was no significant difference between the HMG II group and the FSH-P group for mean number of transferable embryos. The 200% HMG dose did not increase the numbers of ovulations or ova recovered but did decrease the numbers of fertilized and transferable ova.     

Superovulation and embryo transfer in Holstein cattle using sexed sperm

The use of sexed bull sperm in multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) programs for Holsteins was evaluated for (1) heifers housed at a commercial embryo transfer (ET) facility (Experiments 1 and 2), and (2) heifers and cows on dairy farms (Experiment 3). In Experiment 1, superstimulated heifers were inseminated with 5 × 10⁶ sexed (X-sorted; n = 5) or unsexed (n = 5) frozen-thawed sperm from one bull at 12 and 24 h after estrus detection. No difference was observed in the rates of transferable embryos (53.4% vs 68.1%), degenerate embryos (24.8% vs 26.6%) and unfertilized ova (21.8% vs 5.3%) between sexed and unsexed sperm, respectively, except for the percent of female transferable embryos diagnosed by embryo sexing (100% vs 49.3%, P < 0.0001). In Experiment 2, donors were inseminated twice with 5 × 10⁶ sexed unfrozen sperm (n = 10) or sexed frozen-thawed sperm (n = 9). Embryo production rates for both treatments were similar to that observed on a commercial ET facility using unsexed sperm. Pregnancy rates for frozen-thawed embryos were similar for sexed and unsexed sperm (70.4% vs 72.4%, respectively). In Experiment 3, 99 flushes were conducted using sexed frozen-thawed sperm from nine bulls but an overall statistical analysis was not completed because the use of bulls was not balanced. However, for one bull with balanced usage, the rate of transferable embryos was higher in heifers than in cows (P < 0.05) inseminated twice with 5 × 10⁶ sperm/dose (10 × 10⁶ total). We concluded that the use of sexed frozen-thawed sperm (≥90% X-sperm biased and 10 × 10⁶ total sperm) may be economically viable for commercial MOET programs in Holstein heifers.